1,720,988 research outputs found
Chronic risperidone treatment up-regulates dopamine D2-like receptors in the rat entorhinal cortex subdivisions. A quantitative autoradiography study
No full textEur. J. Neurosci
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) and early atherosclerosis: The role of microbiota and EVs
No full textGut–lung Microbiota Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Potential Mechanisms Driving Progression to COPD and Epidemiological Data
No full textThis paper focuses on the gut–lung axis in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), highlighting the key role played by microbial dysbiosis and the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the innate and acquired immune system and on chronic inflammation in the intestinal and pulmonary tracts. Recent evidence indicates that Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) perform regulatory activity influencing the composition of the microbiota. APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) possess membrane receptors known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), a category of toll-like receptors (TLRs). PRRs recognise distinct microbial structures and microbial metabolites called Signals, which modulate the saprophytic microbial equilibrium of the healthy microbiota by recognising molecular profiles associated with commensal microbes (Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns, MAMPs). During dysbiosis, pathogenic bacteria can prompt an inflammatory response, producing PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) thereby activating the proliferation of inflammatory response cells, both local and systemic. This series of regulatory and immune-response events is responsible (together with chronic infection, incorrect diet, obesity, etc.) for the systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) known as “low-grade inflammation” typical of COPD and IBD. This review looks at immunological research and explores the role of the microbiota, looking at two recent clinical studies, SPIROMICS and AERIS. There is a need for further clinical studies to characterize the pulmonary microbiota and to obtain new information about the pathogenesis of lung disease to improve our knowledge and treatment strategies and identify new therapeutic targets
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effetti dell’O2 iperbarico sull’espressione di markers astrogliali nell’encefalo di ratto
No full textHeterogeneous distribution of dopamine D2-like receptors in the rat entorhinal cortex.
No full textJ. Neural Trasm., 103/10, XLII, 1996.
Rome October 28-30 199
Pattern of variables describing desaturator COPD patients, as revealed by cluster analysis.
Full text linkStudy objectives: The aims of this study were to define, by cluster analysis, a pattern of clinical variables that differentiate desaturator (D) from nondesaturator (ND) patients affected by COPD, and to identify daytime variables that are predictive of nocturnal desaturation.
Patients: Fifty-one random, consecutive COPD outpatients (20 women; mean [+/- SD] age, 69.6 +/- 4.0 years) with mild daytime hypoxemia (PaO2, 60 to 70 mm Hg) were enrolled into the study. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients were excluded.
Measurements and results: Lung volumes, arterial blood gas levels, and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) were measured, and nocturnal desaturation was evaluated with nighttime polygraphy. With least squares simple linear regression, the percentage of total recording time was highly correlated with a total nocturnal recording time of arterial oxygen saturation of < 90 mm Hg (T-90) and MPAP (R = 0.84; R-2 = 71.20%); T-90 was also highly correlated with daytime Paco(2) (R = 0.70; R-2 = 48.96%). Multiple regression showed that T,, was highly correlated with both MPAP and Paco(2) (R-2 = 97.75%). Hierarchical cluster analysis conducted with these three variables showed that D and ND patients differed in both nocturnal and daytime variables. The mean T-90 was 30 +/- 3.5% in 19.2% and 8%, respectively, of the D and ND groups. Moreover, two D subgroups differing in MPAP and two ND subgroups differing in Paco(2) were identified.
Conclusions: D patients may be identified by a pattern of T90, MPAP, and Paco(2) values, rather than by T-90 alone, with the latter two variables being predictors of nocturnal desaturation severity
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