1,721,020 research outputs found
Autoimmune hepatitis: clinical experience after liver transplantation and molecular study using surface plasmon resonance imaging-based strategy
Full text linkDe novo autoimmune hepatitis in patients with HCV recurrence (HCV-R) after liver transplantation (LT) is of challenging diagnosis and the impact of autoimmune therapy (AT) is still a matter of debate. In the first part of this work the aim was to evaluate clinical, serological, histological characteristics of these patients and the impact of AT. Patients have been evaluated in two European transplant centers .Liver biopsies were retrospectively by experts pathologists. Three parameters, plasma cells infiltrate, interface hepatitis and central vein necrosis, were evaluated applying a new semi-quantitative method. Final diagnosis was of prevalent viral lesions: HCV-R, or prevalent immunological lesions: AIH. Forty patients, transplanted between 1983-2009, were included, 16 (40%) patients were HCV-R and 24 (60%) AIH. High grade of interface hepatitis and confluent central vein necrosis were significantly more represented in AIH patients, moreover AST/ALT were significantly higher in AIH group (p=0.05 and p=0.003, respectively). No difference was found regarding baseline immunosuppression, autoantibodies and gammaglobulin levels. No relationship between HCV antiviral therapy and AIH was observed.
Ten years survival was lower for AIH compared to HCVâR patients (65%, versus 93%, p=0.050). The AT improved the cytolysis but did not modify long-term survival (50% treated versus 87.5% non treated patients, p=ns), which was impaired by severe HCV disease progression. Anti-dsDNA autoantibodies (Abs) are highly diagnostic for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, they can be found in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) but it remains uncertain which antigen triggers the production of these antibodies. Moreover the characteristics of antigenâantibodies interaction are still a matter of concern. In the second part of this work the aim was to differentiate the binding characteristics of dsDNA and anti-dsDNA Abs obtained from AIH and SLE patient's sera using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) strategy. Sera from AIH (n=14), SLE patients (n= 7) with anti-dsDNA Abs positive Farr test, as well as from healthy controls (n= 7) were collected. IgGs and IgMs were purified from sera. Ten different types of oligonucleotides (OG) were spotted over the chip surface of SPRi. Kinetic SPRi study was also performed. All sera from both patients and controls showed a reactivity signal on SPRi, nevertheless when monoclonal mouse anti-IgGs were injected after the sera injection, only for AIH patients the signal was still evident, being lower for SLE patients and controls. When purified IgGs from sera were injected an interaction signal with OG was observed only for AIH patients. Mean IgGs koff were comparable among patients, meaning they have the same dissociation kinetic. SPRi method identifies interactions between sera from AIH, SLE patients and controls and dsDNA of OG used. However using purified IgGs a binding signal is observed only for AIH. These results suggest that immunocomplex found in AIH and SLE patients are different, in SLE patients the complex might require a third partner, or probably, recognize a specific dsDNA conformation.
Results from our work suggest that new promising methods can be applied both in clinical and laboratory field for the comprehension and monitoring of autoimmune hepatitis
Infections and Organ Transplantation: New Challenges for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus
No full textHepatitis C virus infection is a widespread condition, affecting about 170 million people worldwide. It is associated with the progression to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, antiviral treatment appears to be recommended for patients infected with HCV. This article reviewed recent evidence on antiviral therapy for HCV-infected patients
Influence of age and gender before and after liver transplantation
No full textWomen constitute a particular group among patients with chronic liver disease and in the post-liver transplantation (LT) setting: they are set apart not only by traditional differences with respect to men (ie, body mass index, different etiologies of liver disease, and accessibility to transplantation) but also in increasingly evident ways related to hormonal changes that characterize first the fertile age and subsequently the postmenopausal period (eg, disease course variability and responses to therapy). The aim of this review is, therefore, to evaluate the role of the interplay of factors such as age, gender, and hormones in influencing the natural history of chronic liver disease before and after LT and their importance in determining outcomes after LT. As the population requiring LT ages and the mean age at transplantation increases, older females are being considered for transplantation. Older patients are at greater risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and a worse response to antiviral therapy. Female gender per se is associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis because of metabolic changes after menopause, the bodily structure of females, and, in the population of patients with chronic liver disease, the greater prevalence of cholestatic and autoimmune liver diseases. With menopause, the fall of protective estrogen levels can lead to increased fibrosis progression, and this represents a negative turning point for women with chronic liver disease and especially for patients with hepatitis C. Therefore, the notion of gender as a binary female/male factor is now giving way to the awareness of more complex disease processes within the female gender that follow hormonal, social, and age patterns and need to be addressed directly and specifically
Influence of age and gender before and after liver transplantation.
No full textWomen constitute a particular group among patients with chronic liver disease and in the post-liver transplantation (LT) setting: they are set apart not only by traditional differences with respect to men (ie, body mass index, different etiologies of liver disease, and accessibility to transplantation) but also in increasingly evident ways related to hormonal changes that characterize first the fertile age and subsequently the postmenopausal period (eg, disease course variability and responses to therapy). The aim of this review is, therefore, to evaluate the role of the interplay of factors such as age, gender, and hormones in influencing the natural history of chronic liver disease before and after LT and their importance in determining outcomes after LT. As the population requiring LT ages and the mean age at transplantation increases, older females are being considered for transplantation. Older patients are at greater risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and a worse response to antiviral therapy. Female gender per se is associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis because of metabolic changes after menopause, the bodily structure of females, and, in the population of patients with chronic liver disease, the greater prevalence of cholestatic and autoimmune liver diseases. With menopause, the fall of protective estrogen levels can lead to increased fibrosis progression, and this represents a negative turning point for women with chronic liver disease and especially for patients with hepatitis C. Therefore, the notion of gender as a binary female/male factor is now giving way to the awareness of more complex disease processes within the female gender that follow hormonal, social, and age patterns and need to be addressed directly and specifically. Liver Transpl 19:122-134, 2013
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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