1,720,960 research outputs found
Perinatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acid imbalance leads to early behavioral alterations in rat pups
No full textGrowing evidence shows that long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are crucially involved in brain development and function. Nowadays omega-3 fatty acids are extensively added in large amount to several food products and particularly in newborn and infant foods. Although behavioral deficits have been detected during adulthood in rat exposed to inadequate intakes of omega-3fattyacids1,2, early behavioral changes have not been well investigated.Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), essential communicative sounds used between rodent pups and their mothers, represent a valuable tool for investigating neurobehavioral development and represent anearly marker of developmental alterations3,4. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether perinatal omega-3 deprivation or supplementation could impact on ultrasonic emissions of neonatal rats.The offspring of Sprague Dawley rats,fed with a omega-3 enriched oromega-3 deficient diet throughout mating, pregnancy and lactation,were subjected to a isolation-induced USV emission test at postnatal days (PND)3,5,9, and 13 and their USV emissions were compared with those emitted bynormal-nourished pups(control groupfed with a diet with balanced omega-3 omega-6 ratio). At PND13, pups were also tested in thehoming test.A quantitative analysis shows that the number of USVsof the omega-3 deficient and enriched exposed offspringdiffered significantly from those of normal-nourished pups. In particular, at PND3, omega-3 enriched pups emitted significantly fewer USVscompared to those emitted by the control group; at PND5, both omega-3 deficient and enriched pups emitted significantly fewer USVscompared to those emitted by the control group.No significant differences between groups were found with respect to performance in the homing test. The present findings demonstrate that not only a deficiency but also a supplementationof omega-3 fatty acids could induce detrimental effects on brain development leading to behavioral impairments.
1.Chen and Su (2013) J NutrBiochem.24(1):70-80.
2. Carrié et al. (2000) Br J Nutr. 83(4): 439-47.
3. Cuomo et al. (1996). Environ Health Perspect. 104 Suppl 2:307-15.
4. Dichter et al. (1996). Physiology & Behavior.60(1): 299–304
Perinatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acid imbalance leads to enduring memory alterations in rats
No full textPerinatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acid imbalance leads to enduring memory alterations in rats
Colucci Paola1; De Castro Valentina1; Peloso Andrea1; Campolongo Patrizia1
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Sapienza University of Rome. Rome. Italy
Growing evidence shows that long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are crucially involved in brain development and function. Omega-3 fatty acids are extensively added in large amount to several food products and particularly in newborn and infant aliments. Preclinical data show that chronic dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency induces behavioral alterations in rodents. Only few studies, instead, have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on cognitive performances. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether chronic dietary omega-3 deprivation or supplementation, during perinatal period, adolescence and adulthood, could affect brain development and function with emphasis on cognitive and emotional processes. The offspring of Sprague Dawley rats, fed with a omega-3 enriched or omega-3 deficient diet throughout mating, pregnancy and lactation, were subjected to a isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emission test and their emissions were compared with calls emitted by normal-nourished pups (control group fed with a diet with balanced omega-3 omega-6 ratio). At PND13, pups from the three exposure groups were tested in the homing test. Adolescent and adult offspring were subjected to the open-field test, elevated plus maze, inhibitory avoidance, and object recognition tests. Significant differences between rats fed with omega-3 enriched or omega-3 deficient diet and the control group were found in USV emission, elevated plus maze and object recognition tests. The present findings suggest that not only a deficiency but also a supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids could induce detrimental effects on brain development leading to enduring behavioral alterations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
