23 research outputs found
Geografie delle rappresentazioni: i migranti mappano la città. Il caso di Genova.
No full textThe city seen through the maps created by migrants
Italiani in Brasile fra migrazione e tutela della cultura
No full textGli Autori riflettono sulle relazioni fra l’Italia e il Brasile considerando lo studio della emigrazione italiana, la preservazione e la tutela delle tradizioni linguistiche e culturali
Italiani in Brasile fra migrazione e tutela della cultura
No full textThe Authors reflect on the relations between Italy and Brazil considering the study of Italian emigration, the preservation and protection of its linguistic and cultural traditions.Los autores reflexionan sobre las relaciones entre Italia y Brasil considerando el estudio de la emigración italiana, la preservación y protección de sus tradiciones lingüísticas y culturales.Gli Autori riflettono sulle relazioni fra l’Italia e il Brasile considerando lo studio della emigrazione italiana, la preservazione e la tutela delle tradizioni linguistiche e culturali
Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer: What Differences Between Primary Tumor and Metastases?
No full textGenomic studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays an important role in some breast cancer subtypes. However few data are present on the concordance between AR expression in primary tumors and metastases. We investigated AR expression by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 164 primary tumors and 83 metastases, to explore its distribution in the different tumor subtypes and its concordance between the two sample types and according to sampling time. AR was more highly expressed in luminal A and B than HER2-positive and triple negative primary tumors. A similar distribution was found in metastases, and the concordance of AR expression between primary tumors and metastases was greater than 60%. No association between sampling time and AR expression was observed. We found a good concordance of AR expression between primary tumor and metastasis, but the variability remains high between the two types of specimens, regardless of the variation in sampling time. For this reason, if used for treatment decisions, AR evaluation should be repeated in each patient whenever a new biopsy is performed, as commonly done for the other breast cancer biomarkers
The Lake Chad Basin: from the water crisis to geopolitic emergency
No full textThe paper has the aim of reflect on the current situation of the Lake Chad Basin, characterized by the increasing humanitarian situation, determined not more only from the water crisis, but from the progressive presence of terrorist militias of the fundamentalist Group Boko Haram
Programa Novo Rio Pinheiros como janela de oportunidade: uma proposta de governança a partir dos casos da Inglaterra e Alemanha
No full textO trabalho pretende abordar o programa intitulado "Novo Rio Pinheiros", sob responsabilidade da Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Meio Ambiente do Governo do Estado de São Paulo (SIMA), que prevê intervenções de saneamento e socioambientais, com estimativas de beneficiar cerca de 3,3 milhões de pessoas que moram em locais abrangidos pela bacia do rio Pinheiros, em área de 271 km² que inclui bairros nos municípios de São Paulo, Embu das Artes e Taboão da Serra. Em meio ao contexto das mudanças climáticas, a recuperação dos recursos hídricos urbanos vai de encontro aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) das Nações Unidas. No caso do rio Pinheiros, este projeto se torna ainda mais relevante por estabelecer metas até 2022 para um dos principais rios que cortam a maior metrópole do país. Encarar este desafio de melhorar a qualidade de suas águas exige ações acertadas e parcerias que transformem o objetivo do programa em realidade. Além disso, o modelo de governança do programa é parte fundamental para o sucesso, visto que há diversas instituições públicas e privadas envolvidas, além da própria sociedade civil. Neste aspecto de participação social, a literatura em torno da gestão pública tem enfatizado a importância do envolvimento de atores da sociedade civil na elaboração e implantação de políticas públicas para aumentar a eficácia dos resultados. No caso da recuperação de rios, se não houver mecanismos de aprendizagem que promovam o envolvimento da população no sentido de conduzir a uma visão mais consciente da importância da sua preservação, há o risco dos resultados da política não perdurarem ao longo do tempo, mesmo diante de todos os recursos e investimentos despendidos. Pretende-se com este trabalho, ressaltar a importância do programa como iniciativa ao enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas e à perda de biodiversidade nas grandes cidades. Neste sentido, destaca-se o caráter da pesquisa em compreender o modelo de governança implementado pelo estado ao promover uma política de recuperação de corpos hídricos em áreas urbanas, servindo como referência a outros entes federativos brasileiros. O objetivo principal é construir uma proposta de governança para que as ações empreendidas no Programa Rio Pinheiros perdurem ao longo do tempo e que possibilitem novas metas para a limpeza do rio futuramente. Entendemos que o trabalho de recuperação de rios deve ser contínuo e, portanto, serão utilizados casos internacionais como benchmark sobre os rios Tâmisa, no Reino Unido, e Emscher, na Alemanha, que permitirão fornecer aspectos de governança de interesse à SIMA. Além disso, ainda com o intuito de estabelecer uma análise de política pública que possa ser de interesse à SIMA, a pesquisa permite a construção de diretrizes e recomendações ao órgão público estadual no que se refere a potenciais riscos na implantação do programa.The aforementioned project is relevant not only because it promotes the management of urban water resources, in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but also because it establishes tangible targets for the restoration of one of São Paulo’s main rivers. Facing the challenge of improving the river’s quality requires strategic actions and partnerships. Another key element of the initiative is its governance model, which involves several public and private institutions, alongside civil society. From a social participation perspective, the literature on public management has emphasized the importance of involving civil society actors in the design and implementation of public policies to increase the effectiveness of their results. In relation to the Pinheiros river, if there are no mechanisms to raise the public’s awareness of the importance of its restoration, there is a risk that the outcomes of the initiative may not continue over time, despite the investments made. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of the “Novo Rio Pinheiros” project to tackle climate change and the loss of biodiversity in large cities. In this sense, it is important to stress the role of this research in understanding the governance model implemented by the state of Sao Paulo to promote the restoration of water bodies in urban areas, serving as a reference to other Brazilian federative entities. The main goal is to build a governance proposal so that the actions carried out under the “Novo Rio Pinheiros” project can last over time and enable the setting of new goals for cleaning the river in the future. We understand that the river restoration must be a continuous process, and therefore, long-term initiatives such as the cleaning of the rivers Thames, in the United Kingdom, and Emscher, in Germany, will be used as benchmarks for governance aspects that might be of interest to SIMA. Furthermore, this research enables the development of guidelines and recommendations to SIMA regarding potential risks that may arise during the implementation of the program
Long-term vemurafenib therapy in advanced melanoma patients: cutaneous toxicity and prognostic implications
No full textBackground: The introduction of targeted therapies for the treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma was associated with different cutaneous adverse events (AEs). Objectives: To describe the type, frequency and severity of cutaneous AEs related to vemurafenib; to understand the association between AEs and vemurafenib efficacy in terms of median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS); to identify molecular characteristics of long-term responders. Methods: This observational, retrospective, monocentric study included all consecutive patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma and BRAF V600E mutation that started treatment with vemurafenib between May 2012 and May 2014. Results: 62 patients with a median age of 56 years (range 26–82) were enrolled and received vemurafenib for a median period of 7.9 months (range 0.8–63.7). Among them, 45 patients presented at least one skin AE, 12 reduced the dosage due to cutaneous toxicity, and only one firstly reduced and after stopped the therapy. No specific molecular biomarkers were detected in long-term survivors. Conclusions: Among long-term survivors, skin AEs seem to be less frequent and less severe. Results on multivariable analysis revealed that the presence of at least one G2 toxicity is a protective factor considering PFS, but not in terms of OS
Androgen receptor in advanced breast cancer: is it useful to predict the efficacy of anti-estrogen therapy?
No full textAbstract Background Androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in breast cancer (BC) but its role in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors is still controversial. The AR/ER ratio has been reported to impact prognosis and response to antiestrogen endocrine therapy (ET). Methods We assessed whether AR in primary tumors and/or matched metastases is a predictor of efficacy of first-line ET in advanced BC. Patients who had received first-line ET (2002–2011) were recruited, while those given concomitant chemotherapy or trastuzumab or pretreated with > 2 lines of chemotherapy were excluded. ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki67 and AR expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and HER2 mainly by fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Cut-offs of 1 and 10% immunostained cells were used to categorize AR expression. Results Among 102 evaluable patients, biomarkers were assessed in primary tumors in 70 cases and in metastases in 49, with 17 patients having both determinations. The overall concordance rate between primary tumors and metastases was 64.7% (95% CI 42%-87.4%) for AR status. AR status did not affect TTP significantly, whereas PgR and Ki67 status did. AR/PgR ≥0.96 was associated with a significantly shorter TTP (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.05-2.61, p = 0.028). AR status in primary tumors or metastases was not associated with progressive disease (PD) as best response. In contrast, Ki67 ≥ 20% and PgR < 10% showed a statistically significant association with PD as best response. Conclusions AR expression does not appear to be useful to predict the efficacy of ET in advanced BC, whereas Ki67 and PgR exert a greater impact on its efficacy
