1,720,988 research outputs found
Relazioni tra pari: quando intrattenere rapporti positivi con un bambino in carrozzina conduce ad emarginazione
No full textIl presente studio, mediante l’utilizzo di un’intervista strutturata, ha indagato se bambini molto giovani (N=81, 4-7 anni) dimostravano di preferire maggiormente un coetaneo non disabile rispetto ad un coetaneo in sedia a rotelle (preferenza diretta). Inoltre, la ricerca ha esplorato come un bambino non disabile veniva percepito quando intratteneva delle relazioni positive con un coetaneo disabile piuttosto che con un coetaneo privo di menomazioni fisiche (preferenza indiretta). Infine è stato rilevato il contatto diretto con persone in sedie a rotelle dichiarato dai soggetti. I risultati evidenziano una marcata preferenza diretta verso il bambino non disabile. Inoltre, il compagno del bambino disabile è risultato meno accettato, valutato più negativamente e considerato meno simile al sé dai soggetti. Il contatto esperito con individui disabili non influenzava la preferenza diretta bensì quella indiretta: una maggior conoscenza di persone in sedia a rotelle si associava seppur debolmente ad una percezione più positiva del compagno del bambino disabile. La presente ricerca
mette quindi in evidenza come l’emarginazione dei disabili possa estendersi anche a chi entra in contatto positivamente con loro.
I risultati verranno discussi focalizzando l’attenzione sul ruolo che questi processi possono avere nel mantenere e nel ridurre il pregiudizio, e considerandone i risvolti pratici in ambito applicativo
The relationship between the self and the ingroup: when having a common conception helps
No full textConsistent with balance theory, it was predicted that a balance is reached when the self and the ingroup are perceived
in a similar way, leading participants to more rapid judgments and fewer errors judging the self and the
ingroup. The goal of this study was to replicate and extend the results obtained by Smith and Henry (1996) who
concluded that ingroup attributes become part of the self-image, thus facilitating the accessibility of self-information.
In the present study, we included a condition measuring reaction times for ingroup ratings (as opposed
to self-ratings) and found that both ingroup and self-ratings were facilitated when the self- and the ingroup descriptions
matched. Therefore it is proposed that a common self-ingroup representation facilitates the access to
both the self and the ingroup
L'influenza dei processi intragruppo sul contatto intergruppi.
No full textIl capitolo esamina ricerche empiriche e prospettive teoriche relative alla percezione di membri del proprio gruppo che intrattengono relazioni positive con membri di gruppi esterni. Vengono inoltre discusse le implicazioni in relazione alla teoria del contatto e alla difficoltà di cambiamento di rapporti intergruppi problematic
The loyal member effect: On the preference for ingroup members who engage in exclusive relations with the ingroup.
No full textThe goal of this article was to investigate an indirect form of intergroup differentiation in children in the context of racial attitudes: the preference for ingroup members who interact positively with other ingroup members rather than with outgroup members. Study 1 confirmed this general hypothesis with preschool and 1st-grade children, demonstrating that respondents preferred the ingroup member who played only with other ingroup members, evaluated this child more positively, and felt more similar to him or her. Studies 2 and 3 tested the boundary conditions of the phenomenon. Study 4 analyzed developmental changes demonstrating that the effect is no longer observed among 9- to 11-year-old children. Overall,
these studies suggest that engaging in positive interactions with the outgroup might have its costs in terms of a relative devaluation and rejection by one’s peers. Results are discussed by stressing the importance of intragroup processes for the regulation of intergroup relations among very young children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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