134 research outputs found
The lives and works of Johann George Roellig and Johann Christian Roellig with Thematic Catalogue
No full textThis dissertation provides the first comprehensive study of the lives and work of brothers Johann George Roellig (1710-1790) and Johann Christian Roellig (b.1716), together with a thematic catalogue to aid further research. It argues that the music of the Roellig brothers presents many insights into a period of music history often dismissed as ‘transitional’. Themes that are addressed include the contrasts between traditional employment models and the independent freelance business model emerging in the eighteenth century; new cantata structures that provide a new perspective of the state of post-Bach sacred music; a previously unidentified instrumental genre of partita linked to the political fortunes of the Wettin dynasty and new insights into the development of North German opera in the 1760s and 1770s.Chapter 1 traces Johann George Roellig’s life, examining his employment as organist and latterly Kapellmeister at the court of Anhalt-Zerbst, revealing tensions, both professional and personal in court employment. Chapter 2 provides the first discussion of the career of Johann Christian Roellig (a composer only identified for the first time in 2008 by the author) - exploring his association with Carl Jacob Christian Klipfel, the Meissen Porcelain Factory Collegium Musicum (newly identified in the course of this study), and with the Hamburg theatre impresario Konrad Ernst Ackermann. In contrast to the more conventional career path based upon court and church patronage followed by his older brother, Johann Christian’s career illustrates an emerging new career model in the eighteenth century, namely the freelance composer-musician. Exploring the rich documentary evidence of the performance history of sacred music in the court of Anhalt Zerbst, Chapter 3 examines J.G. Roellig’s contribution to the repertoire of the court chapel. The influence of external factors such as the Seven Years War is noted, but also the demands of the Zerbst Consistory, which censored cantata texts and, from 1752, restricted the duration of concerted music performed in Hauptgottesdienst, leading to the bifurcation of a number of single cantata cycles to make double cantata cycles. Chapter 4 uses the vocal music of J.C. Roellig to illuminate developments in the cantata in the generation after J.S. Bach, including the performance in Meissen of dedicated communion cantatas based upon biblical Sprüche and chorale texts, that challenge established conceptions of the state of German liturgical music post 1750.Instrumental music, composed principally by J.C. Roellig, is the focus of chapters 5 to 7. The repertoire and historical scope of the ‘Dresden partita’ (a subgenre of partita identified for the first time in this study) is established, as well as the introduction of the divertimento into Dresden c.1757-1760. The symphony and concerto are examined within the context of bourgeoise music-making in Dresden and Meissen, followed by the first overview of Dresden Redoutenmusik in the mid-eighteenth century. Finally, Chapter 8 explores the context of J.C. Roellig’s three surviving stage works composed for the Ackermann company in Hamburg between 1763 and 1771 - works that belong to a largely unknown genre, mostly lost, in a little-known period of its historyThe extensive appendices include a thematic catalogue of the works of the Roellig brothers, a key document that has driven the discussion in the dissertation. This is preceded by prefatory sections which include a discussion of the importance of collectors and collections in the preservation and transmission of music by the Roellig brothers, as well as sections on autograph copies, copyists, watermarks and paper-types and the dating of works in the Klipfel collection. <br/
Molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis and evidence for cross‐species transmission in Northern Argentina
No full textAnthropogenic activities, such as human population expansion and land-use change, create ecological overlap between humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife and can exacerbate the zoonotic transmission of parasites. To improve our understanding of this dynamic, we employed multi-locus genotyping to conduct a cross-sectional study of the potential for zoonotic transmission of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis among humans, household associated livestock and dogs, and black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in the Corrientes Province of Argentina. We found Giardia prevalence to be highest in howler monkeys (90.3% (47/52)), followed by humans (61.1% (22/36)), dogs (44.4% (16/36)), and cattle (41.9% (18/43)). We further established that howler monkeys exclusively harbored strains of assemblage B (100%) while humans were infected with either assemblage A (13.3%) or B (80%) or A and B (6.7%), and cattle and dogs were infected with either assemblage A (cattle, 94.1%; dogs, 80%)), A and C (10%), or their host-adapted assemblage (cattle, 5.9%; dogs, 10%). Our finding of G. duodenalis in both humans and domesticated animals (assemblage A) and humans and wild primates (assemblage B) suggests that cross-species transmission of multiple assemblages of G. duodenalis may occur in rural complexes such as northern Argentina where people, domesticated animals, and wildlife overlap. We further highlight the need to investigate the implications of these results for human health, the economics of livestock production, and wildlife conservation in this and similar systems.Fil: Kuthyar, Sahana. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. University of Emory; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Seabolt, Matthew. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. National Center For Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Roellig, Dawn M.. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. National Center For Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Gillespie, Thomas R.. University of Emory; Estados Unido
Effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance and Giardia duodenalis infection on a sentinel species' gut bacteria
No full textHabitat disturbance, a common consequence of anthropogenic land use practices, creates human–animal interfaces where humans, wildlife, and domestic species can interact. These altered habitats can influence host–microbe dynamics, leading to potential downstream effects on host physiology and health. Here, we explored the effect of ecological overlap with humans and domestic species and infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis on the bacteria of black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), a key sentinel species, in northeastern Argentina. Fecal samples were screened for Giardia duodenalis infection using a nested PCR reaction, and the gut bacterial community was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Habitat type was correlated with variation in A. caraya gut bacterial community composition but did not affect gut bacterial diversity. Giardia presence did not have a universal effect on A. caraya gut bacteria across habitats, perhaps due to the high infection prevalence across all habitats. However, some bacterial taxa were found to vary with Giardia infection. While A. caraya's behavioral plasticity and dietary flexibility allow them to exploit a range of habitat conditions, habitats are generally becoming more anthropogenically disturbed and, thus, less hospitable. Alterations in gut bacterial community dynamics are one possible indicator of negative health outcomes for A. caraya in these environments, since changes in host–microbe relationships due to stressors from habitat disturbance may lead to negative repercussions for host health. These dynamics are likely relevant for understanding organism responses to environmental change in other mammals.Fil: Kuthyar, Sahana. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); Argentina. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Roellig, Dawn. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. National Center For Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Mallot, Elizabeth K. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Zeng, Yan. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Gillespie, Thomas R. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Amato, Katherine. Northwestern University; Estados Unido
Parasitol Res
No full textEnterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidia in humans worldwide, in addition to infecting a wide range of animals. However, there is limited information about this pathogen in children in Egypt. Here, we carried out a molecular epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in child care centers in three provinces in Egypt. Altogether, 585 fresh fecal samples were collected from children attending 18 child care centers in El-Dakahlia, El-Gharbia, and Damietta provinces in Northeast Egypt during March 2015 to April 2016. PCR and sequence analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used to detect and genotype E. bieneusi. Twenty-seven fecal samples (4.6%, 27/585) were positive for E. bieneusi. Five genotypes were identified, including type IV (n\u2009=\u200913), Peru8 (n\u2009=\u20099), Peru6 (n\u2009=\u20092), Peru11 (n\u2009=\u20092), and D (n\u2009=\u20091). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five genotypes of E. bieneusi detected in this study were clustered into zoonotic group 1. These data provide important information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in children in this country. Further epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of zoonotic transmission in human E. bieneusi infections.CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/D20008/Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project/31820103014/National Natural Science Foundation of China
Hemi-nested PCR and RFLP methodologies for identifying blood meals of the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans.
No full textROELLIG, Dawn M., GOMEZ-PUERTA, Luis A., MEAD, Daniel G. [et al.]. Hemi-nested PCR and RFLP methodologies for identifying blood meals of the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans. PLOS ONE [en línea]. 2013, vol. 8, no. 9, p. 1-7. ISSN 1932-6203.Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted by hematophagous reduviid bugs within the subfamily Triatominae. These vectors take blood meals from a wide range of hosts, and their feeding behaviors have been used to investigate the ecology and epidemiology of T. cruzi. In this study we describe two PCR-based methodologies that amplify a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rDNA, aimed to improve the identification of blood meal sources for Triatoma infestans: a.- Sequence analyses of two heminested PCRs that allow the identification of mammalian and avian species, and b.- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis from the mammalian PCR to identify and differentiate multi-host blood meals. Findings from both methodologies indicate that host DNA could be detected and the host species identified in samples from laboratory reared and field collected triatomines. The implications of this study are two-fold. First, these methods can be used in areas where the fauna diversity and feeding behavior of the triatomines are unknown. Secondly, the RFLP method led to the identification of multi-host DNA from T. infestans gut contents, enhancing the information provided by this assay. These tools are important contributions for ecological and epidemiological studies of vector-borne diseases
Surveillance and Comparison of Anaplasma Phagoctyophilum (Formerly Erlichia Equi) within Ixodes Scapularis Ticks in Selected Southeastern States
No full textAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that can infect and cause disease in horses, Equine Granuloctic Anaplasmosis. The bacterium is present in the western and northeastern United States, Europe, and Asia. In this investigation, samples of Ixodes scapularis were collected from selected barrier islands and mainland sites where feral and domestic equine populations are present, respectively. Each sample was individually screened using nested PCR to amplify a fragment of the ank and 16S rRNA genes. The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis ticks was 20% (n=808). The highest infection rate was seen at a barrier island site (22%, n=774). The remaining five sites had prevalence ranging from 0% (n=9) to 19% (n=51). Randomly chosen positive PCR samples from each site were sequenced, and a BLAST search verified the isolates as A. phagocytophilum, which shared sequence homology with isolates from the northeastern United States
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textAutochthonous transmission of the Chagas disease parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, was detected in a patient in rural New Orleans, Louisiana. The patient had positive test results from 2 serologic tests and hemoculture. Fifty-six percent of 18 Triatoma sanguisuga collected from the house of the patient were positive for T. cruzi by PCR.AI 067304/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United StatesAI58303/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United StatesR15 AI067304-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United StatesT01/CCT622308/PHS HHS/United StatesU01/DD000026/DD/NCBDD CDC HHS/United State
Infect Genet Evol
No full textCryptosporidium ubiquitum is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in humans. Recently, a subtyping tool targeting the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was developed for C. ubiquitum, and identified six subtype families (XIIa-XIIf). In this study, we selected five genetic loci known to be polymorphic in C. hominis and C. parvum for the development of a multilocus subtyping tool for C. ubiquitum, including CP47 (cgd6_1590), MSC6-5 (cgd6_4290), cgd6_60, cgd2_3690, and cgd4_370. PCR primers for these targets were designed based on whole genome sequence data from C. ubiquitum. DNA sequence analyses of 24 C. ubiquitum specimens showed the presence of 18, 1, 5, 4, and 5 subtypes at the CP47, MSC6-5, cgd6_60, cgd2_3690, and cgd4_370 loci, respectively. Altogether, 18 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) subtypes were detected among the 19 specimens successfully sequenced at all polymorphic loci. Phylogenetic analyses of the MLST data indicated that the rodent subtype families of XIIe and XIIf were highly divergent from others, and the ruminant XIIa subtype family formed a monophyletic group genetically distant from other rodent subtype families XIIb, XIIc, and XIId. The latter showed no consistent grouping of specimens and formed one large cluster in phylogenetic analysis of concatenated multilocus sequences. This was supported by results of STRUCTURE and F| analyses, which further suggested that XIIa originated from one common ancestor whereas XIIb, XIIc, and XIId contained mixed ancestral types, reflecting a close relatedness of the three subtype families and the likely occurrence of genetic recombination among them. Thus, an MLST tool was developed for high-resolution subtyping of C. ubiquitum and results of preliminary characterizations of specimens from humans and animals supported the conclusion on the existence of ruminant and rodent-adapted C. ubiquitum groups.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
No full textOn August 27, 2014, the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare's Division of Public Health (DPH) was notified of two cases of cryptosporidiosis in siblings aged <3 years. Idaho's Southwest District Health (SWDH) investigated and found that both children had consumed raw (unpasteurized) goat milk produced at a dairy licensed by the Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) and purchased at a retail store. Milk produced before August 18, the date of illness onset, was unavailable for tTesting from retail stores, the household, or the dairy. Samples of raw goat milk produced on August 18, 21, 25, and 28, taken from one opened container from the siblings' household, one unopened container from the retailer, and two unopened containers from the dairy, all tested positive for Cryptosporidium by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at a commercial laboratory. On August 30, ISDA placed a hold order on all raw milk sales from the producer. ISDA and SWDH issued press releases advising persons not to consume the raw milk; SWDH issued a medical alert, and Idaho's Central District Health Department issued an advisory to health care providers about the outbreak
Transbound Emerg Dis
No full textAnthropogenic activities, such as human population expansion and land-use change, create ecological overlap between humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife and can exacerbate the zoonotic transmission of parasites. To improve our understanding of this dynamic, we employed multi-locus genotyping to conduct a cross-sectional study of the potential for zoonotic transmission of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis among humans, household associated livestock and dogs, and black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in the Corrientes Province of Argentina. We found Giardia prevalence to be highest in howler monkeys (90.3% (47/52)), followed by humans (61.1% (22/36)), dogs (44.4% (16/36)), and cattle (41.9% (18/43)). We further established that howler monkeys exclusively harbored strains of assemblage B (100%) while humans were infected with either assemblage A (13.3%) or B (80%) or A and B (6.7%), and cattle and dogs were infected with either assemblage A (cattle, 94.1%; dogs, 80%)), A and C (10%), or their host-adapted assemblage (cattle, 5.9%; dogs, 10%). Our finding of G. duodenalis in both humans and domesticated animals (assemblage A) and humans and wild primates (assemblage B) suggests that cross-species transmission of multiple assemblages of G. duodenalis may occur in rural complexes such as northern Argentina where people, domesticated animals, and wildlife overlap. We further highlight the need to investigate the implications of these results for human health, the economics of livestock production, and wildlife conservation in this and similar systems.CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/Emory University/National Geographic Society/Fulbright Association
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