1,721,248 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Thermodynamic and Pinch analyses for improving efficiency and structure of a CRCC plant with natural gas reforming and CO2 absorption
No full textAdvanced time-of-flight diagnostics for real-time characterization of ions accelerated by high energy lasers
No full textTime-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect ions accelerated in laser plasma
interactions, but they show significant limitations when used in experiments
with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable
levels of Electro Magnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are
generated.
In this joined-doctoral thesis, performed at the La Sapienza University in Rome,
at the institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) in Montréal and at ENEA
Centro Ricerche Frascati, an advanced diagnostic technique for the characterization
of protons accelerated by intense laser-matter interactions with high-energy and
high-intensity lasers has been implemented.
The proposed method exploits and improves the advantages given by TOF technique
coupled to Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond detectors and features high sensitivity,
high energy resolution and high radiation hardness. Thanks to the optimization
of the acquisition system and to the careful setup of the TOF line, high signal-to-noise
ratios in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields have been achieved.
In the first part of the work a brief overview of laser-matter interaction is given,
with particular emphasis to processes leading to particle acceleration. Then, the
main diagnostic techniques available for the characterization of secondary sources
produced by laser-matter interaction are presented. Here the TOF technique is
introduced and analyzed when coupled with different kinds of detectors, including
diamonds. The choice of the latter is justified by their physical properties. Various
types of diamond structures and electrode layouts have been tested and their performances
characterized for application as detectors to be employed in TOF lines.
The second part of the work is dedicated to a detailed description of the proposed
advanced technique and to examples of its effectiveness in reducing the EMP noise
and in enhancing the dynamic range, when employed in real experimental scenarios.
A novel procedure to retrieve a calibrated proton spectrum from the performed
measurements is here also proposed and discussed. Eventually, the developed technique
is applied for detecting laser-plasma accelerated particles produced in different
application scenarios and in the most variable laser-matter interaction conditions
and the concept of a new multi-layer detector is also described.Les méthodes de temps de vol (TOF) sont très efficaces pour détecter les ions
accélérés dans les interactions laser-plasma, mais elles présentent des limites importantes
lorsqu’elles sont utilisées dans des expériences avec des lasers à haute
énergie et à haute intensité, où sont générés à la fois des ions à haute énergie et
des niveaux remarquables d’impulsions électromagnétiques (EMP) dans la gamme
radiofréquence-micro-ondes.
Dans cette thèse de doctorat en cotutelle, réalisée à l’Université La Sapienza
de Rome, à l’institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) de Montréal et
à l’ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, une technique de diagnostic avancée pour la
caractérisation des protons accélérés par des interactions laser-matière intenses avec
des lasers de haute énergie et de haute intensité a été mise en oeuvre.
La méthode proposée exploite et améliore les avantages donnés par la technique
TOF couplée à des détecteurs diamantés à dépôt chimique en phase vapeur et se
caractérise par une grande sensibilité, une résolution énergétique élevée et une grande
dureté de rayonnement. Grâce à l’optimisation du système d’acquisition et à la mise
en place minutieuse de la ligne TOF, des rapports signal/bruit élevés ont été obtenus
dans des environnements fortement affectés par des champs EMP remarquables.
Dans la première partie du travail, un bref aperçu de l’interaction laser-matière
est donné, avec un accent particulier sur les processus conduisant à l’accélération
des particules. Ensuite, les principales techniques de diagnostic disponibles pour la
caractérisation des sources secondaires produites par l’interaction laser-matière sont
présentées. Ici, la technique TOF est introduite et analysée lorsqu’elle est couplée
à différents types de détecteurs, y compris les diamants. Le choix de ces derniers
est justifié par leurs propriétés physiques. Différents types de structures de diamant
et d’agencements d’électrodes ont été testés et leurs performances ont été caractérisées
en vue d’une application en tant que détecteurs à utiliser dans les lignes TOF.
La deuxième partie du travail est consacrée à une description détaillée de la
technique avancée proposée et à des exemples de son efficacité pour réduire le bruit
EMP et améliorer la gamme dynamique, lorsqu’elle est utilisée dans des scénarios
expérimentaux réels. Une nouvelle procédure permettant de récupérer un spectre de
protons calibré à partir des mesures effectuées est également proposée et discutée ici.
Enfin, la technique développée est appliquée pour détecter les particules accélérées par
laser-plasma produites dans différents scénarios d’application et dans les conditions
d’interaction laser-matière les plus variables, et le concept d’un nouveau détecteur
multicouche est également décrit
IoT and Sensor Networks in Industry and Society
Full text linkThe exponential progress of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the main elements that fueled the acceleration of the globalization pace. Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics are some of the key players of the digital transformation that is affecting every aspect of human's daily life, from environmental monitoring to healthcare systems, from production processes to social interactions. In less than 20 years, people's everyday life has been revolutionized, and concepts such as Smart Home, Smart Grid and Smart City have become familiar also to non-technical users.
The integration of embedded systems, ubiquitous Internet access, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications have paved the way for paradigms such as IoT and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) to be also introduced in high-requirement environments such as those related to industrial processes, under the forms of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT or I2oT) and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). As a consequence, in 2011 the German High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Plan for Germany first envisioned the concept of Industry 4.0, which is rapidly reshaping traditional industrial processes. The term refers to the promise to be the fourth industrial revolution. Indeed, the first industrial revolution was triggered by water and steam power. Electricity and assembly lines enabled mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, the introduction of control automation and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) gave a boost to factory production. As opposed to the previous revolutions, Industry 4.0 takes advantage of Internet access, M2M communications, and deep learning not only to improve production efficiency but also to enable the so-called mass customization, i.e. the mass production of personalized products by means of modularized product design and flexible processes.
Less than five years later, in January 2016, the Japanese 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan took a further step by introducing the concept of Super Smart Society or Society 5.0. According to this vision, in the upcoming future, scientific and technological innovation will guide our society into the next social revolution after the hunter-gatherer, agrarian, industrial, and information eras, which respectively represented the previous social revolutions. Society 5.0 is a human-centered society that fosters the simultaneous achievement of economic, environmental and social objectives, to ensure a high quality of life to all citizens. This information-enabled revolution aims to tackle today’s major challenges such as an ageing population, social inequalities, depopulation and constraints related to energy and the environment. Accordingly, the citizens will be experiencing impressive transformations into every aspect of their daily lives.
This book offers an insight into the key technologies that are going to shape the future of industry and society. It is subdivided into five parts: the I Part presents a horizontal view of the main enabling technologies, whereas the II-V Parts offer a vertical perspective on four different environments.
The I Part, dedicated to IoT and Sensor Network architectures, encompasses three Chapters. In Chapter 1, Peruzzi and Pozzebon analyse the literature on the subject of energy harvesting solutions for IoT monitoring systems and architectures based on Low-Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN). The Chapter does not limit the discussion to Long Range Wise Area Network (LoRaWAN), SigFox and Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) communication protocols, but it also includes other relevant solutions such as DASH7 and Long Term Evolution MAchine Type Communication (LTE-M). In Chapter 2, Hussein et al. discuss the development of an Internet of Things message protocol that supports multi-topic messaging. The Chapter further presents the implementation of a platform, which integrates the proposed communication protocol, based on Real Time Operating System. In Chapter 3, Li et al. investigate the heterogeneous task scheduling problem for data-intensive scenarios, to reduce the global task execution time, and consequently reducing data centers' energy consumption. The proposed approach aims to maximize the efficiency by comparing the cost between remote task execution and data migration.
The II Part is dedicated to Industry 4.0, and includes two Chapters. In Chapter 4, Grecuccio et al. propose a solution to integrate IoT devices by leveraging a blockchain-enabled gateway based on Ethereum, so that they do not need to rely on centralized intermediaries and third-party services.
As it is better explained in the paper, where the performance is evaluated in a food-chain traceability application, this solution is particularly beneficial in Industry 4.0 domains. Chapter 5, by De Fazio et al., addresses the issue of safety in workplaces by presenting a smart garment that integrates several low-power sensors to monitor environmental and biophysical parameters. This enables the detection of dangerous situations, so as to prevent or at least reduce the consequences of workers accidents.
The III Part is made of two Chapters based on the topic of Smart Buildings. In Chapter 6, Petroșanu et al. review the literature about recent developments in the smart building sector, related to the use of supervised and unsupervised machine learning models of sensory data. The Chapter poses particular attention on enhanced sensing, energy efficiency, and optimal building management. In Chapter 7, Oh examines how much the education of prosumers about their energy consumption habits affects power consumption reduction and encourages energy conservation, sustainable living, and behavioral change, in residential environments. In this Chapter, energy consumption monitoring is made possible thanks to the use of smart plugs.
Smart Transport is the subject of the IV Part, including three Chapters. In Chapter 8, Roveri et al. propose an approach that leverages the small world theory to control swarms of vehicles connected through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication protocols. Indeed, considering a queue dominated by short-range car-following dynamics, the Chapter demonstrates that safety and security are increased by the introduction of a few selected random long-range communications. In Chapter 9, Nitti et al. present a real time system to observe and analyze public transport passengers' mobility by tracking them throughout their journey on public transport vehicles. The system is based on the detection of the active Wi-Fi interfaces, through the analysis of Wi-Fi probe requests. In Chapter 10, Miler et al. discuss the development of a tool for the analysis and comparison of efficiency indicated by the integrated IT systems in the operational activities undertaken by Road Transport Enterprises (RTEs). The authors of this Chapter further provide a holistic evaluation of efficiency of telematics systems in RTE operational management.
The book ends with the two Chapters of the V Part on Smart Environmental Monitoring. In Chapter 11, He et al. propose a Sea Surface Temperature Prediction (SSTP) model based on time-series similarity measure, multiple pattern learning and parameter optimization. In this strategy, the optimal parameters are determined by means of an improved Particle Swarm Optimization method. In Chapter 12, Tsipis et al. present a low-cost, WSN-based IoT system that seamlessly embeds a three-layered cloud/fog computing architecture, suitable for facilitating smart agricultural applications, especially those related to wildfire monitoring.
We wish to thank all the authors that contributed to this book for their efforts. We express our gratitude to all reviewers for the volunteering support and precious feedback during the review process. We hope that this book provides valuable information and spurs meaningful discussion among researchers, engineers, businesspeople, and other experts about the role of new technologies into industry and society
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