1,720,959 research outputs found
Ricerca del virus dell’epatite E (HEV) nei cinghiali nella Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano
No full textNell’uomo, il virus dell’epatite E (HEV) è la causa più comune di epatite
virale acuta, responsabile su scala globale di circa 20 milioni di casi ogni anno, di cui 70.000
letali. HEV, in particolare i due genotipi esclusivamente umani HEV-1 e HEV-2, è endemico
in molti Paesi in via di sviluppo. Nei Paesi industrializzati, negli ultimi 10 anni, si è osservato
un aumento del numero di casi di epatite E in pazienti senza anamnesi di viaggi in aree
endemiche, sostenuti dai genotipi zoonotici HEV-3 e HEV-4. Queste infezioni sono in
genere asintomatiche ma, in un numero ridotto di soggetti, possono evolvere in forme di
epatite acuta. Ceppi di HEV-3 e HEV-4 sono stati identificati nei suini domestici, nei cinghiali,
nei cervi e nei conigli. In queste specie l’infezione è asintomatica e si trasmette
all’uomo principalmente per via alimentare mediante prodotti a base di carne, consumati
crudi o poco cotti (salsicce contenenti fegato di suino o carne di cinghiale, sashimi di cervo).
La presenza del genotipo zoonotico HEV-3 è stata segnalata in numerose popolazioni di cinghiale
in tutta Europa. In Italia, numerosi studi ne hanno segnalato la presenza in popolazioni
di cinghiale di quasi tutte le Regioni con prevalenze variabili tra 1,8% e 52%. Ad oggi,
non è chiaro se l’infezione abbia avuto un’origine comune nelle popolazioni di suini domestici
e selvatici o se l’infezione abbia iniziato a circolare nel selvatico a seguito di contatti con
suini domestici (allevamento brado, immissioni a scopo venatorio di capi selvatici allevati in
modo promiscuo). Il presente lavoro ha avuto lo scopo di indagare la presenza di HEV nella
popolazione di cinghiali della Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano. Questa popolazione
ha la peculiare caratteristica di essere composta esclusivamente da cinghiali autoctoni e di
non avere avuto contatti con altre popolazioni animali esterne alla Tenuta negli ultimi quarant’anni.
Durante i mesi di novembre-gennaio del 2017-2020 sono stati prelevati 115 fegati
da altrettanti cinghiali abbattuti nell’ambito dei piani di controllo condotti nella Tenuta e
finalizzati alla conservazione della biodiversità protetta nell’area e al suo mantenimento in
equilibrio. Porzioni di fegato, organo all’interno del quale avviene la replicazione del virus,
sono state utilizzate per la ricerca dell’RNA di HEV mediante il metodo molecolare della
Real-Time RT-PCR. Le analisi hanno rilevato la presenza del materiale genetico del virus in
2 dei 115 campioni analizzati. La prevalenza rilevata è estremamente bassa (1,7%) e nettamente
inferiore a quella presente in altre popolazioni di cinghiale. Ciò potrebbe suggerire
una possibile recente introduzione del virus all’interno della Tenuta con un rischio estremamente
ridotto di contaminazione delle carcasse. In conclusione questo risultato porta a ritenere
che l’isolamento degli animali o la loro densità possa essere importante nel determinare
la diffusione del virus nelle popolazioni di cinghiale.Monitoring of hepatitis E virus (HEV in wild boar population within the
Tenuta Presidenziale of Castelporziano. In humans, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common
cause of acute viral hepatitis. The HEV is endemic in many developing countries. In Europe,
in the last 10 years there has been an increase in cases of autochthonous hepatitis E, linked
to zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and HEV-4), which may cause asymptomatic infections
that may evolve into acute hepatitis. The HEV-3 and HEV-4 have been identified in
domestic pigs, wild boars, deer and rabbits. In these species, the infection is asymptomatic
and is transmitted to humans mainly by consumption of raw or undercooked food (sausages
containing pork liver or wild boar meat, deer sashimi). Wild boar is susceptible to the infection
and animals positive for the HEV-3 zoonotic genotype have also been identified throughout
Italy, in almost all Regions with prevalence varying between 1.8% and 52%. It is
unclear whether the infection had a common origin in domestic and feral pig populations.
The present work aims to investigate the presence of the virus in the wild boar population
present within the Tenuta Presidenziale of Castelporziano, which has remained isolated over
the last forty years. During November-January 2017-2020, 115 livers were taken from wild
boars killed as part of the control plans for protection of biodiversity. Liver samples, the
organ of viral replication, were used for the detection of Hepatitis E virus RNA by using the molecular method of Real-Time RT-PCR. Results revealed the presence of the genetic material
of the virus in 2 of the 115 animals analyzed. The prevalence found is extremely low
(1.7%) and significantly lower than that found in other wild boar populations. This could
suggest a possible recent introduction of the virus inside the Tenuta. In conclusion, this
result leads us to believe that the isolation of animals may be important to prevent the
spread of the virus in wild boar populations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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