1,720,961 research outputs found
Struggling for Time on Lesvos: The Impact of EU and National Legislation and Procedures on Refugee Temporalities
No full textSince the summer of 2015, the Greek island of Lesvos has been centre stage of the so-called refugee crisis and one of the sites where new EU policies for migration control have been tested and implemented. This combined study of jurisprudence with ethnographic fieldwork aims to understand the impact of the asylum regime on the experience of time for refugee applicants on Lesvos. Indeed, different national and EU laws and regulations affect people on the move and their ability to continue their journeys through Europe, forcing them to remain on Lesvos for variable amounts of time waiting for their asylum procedure while experiencing a legal limbo. Long, indefinite waits and abrupt accelerations of the procedure are both part of the temporality of control imposed on refugee subjectivities. Through testimonies collected during ethnographic fieldwork, time is here analysed both in its productivity in terms of humanitarian and labour economies, and in its effects on subjectivities. Different forms of temporal and economic oppression are highlighted, as well as the resulting resistance against these conditions enacted by the refugee population
“We lost our time walking, we must run to get it back". Confini temporali e resistenze nello spazio-tempo EUropeo
No full textQuesta tesi analizza la dimensione temporale delle migrazioni che attraversano lo spazio EUropeo contemporaneo.
Se quando si pensa alle migrazioni, tradizionalmente si tende ad analizzare soprattutto la dimensione spaziale del fenomeno, l’idea che ha guidato la ricerca alla base di questo elaborato è che la dimensione temporale stia assumendo un ruolo sempre più centrale nella battaglia fra politiche confinarie e libertà di movimento.
Nonostante la crescente militarizzazione e l’enorme dispiegamento di mezzi e uomini a guardia dei confini, infatti, le persone continuano a muoversi; le politiche degli Stati, allora, tentano di estendere il campo del controllo anche sul tempo delle persone migranti, imponendo loro temporalità eterodirette. Le persone sono rallentate più che bloccate, i flussi vengono contenuti più che arrestati, gli Stati cercano di prolungare il più possibile la dimensione del transito, imponendo il ritardo sulle persone in movimento. Nel corso del loro viaggio e anche una volta giunte a destinazione, le persone si trovano ad affrontare ripetuti periodi di attesa prolungata: che sia il tempo necessario ad attraversare un confine, quello legato alla burocrazia della richiesta d’asilo o per il rinnovo dei documenti. Si può dire che sulle soggettività migranti, pertanto, agiscano specifiche temporalità del controllo e una molteplicità di confini temporali, che non si sostanziano soltanto di tempi lunghi e protratti, ma che talvolta agiscono anche tramite brusche e inattese accelerazioni, che costringono le persone a prendere decisioni in maniera frenetica e non pianificata.
Attraverso un’etnografia multi-situata svolta nei luoghi chiave di Lesbo, Atene, Belgrado e Ventimiglia, la ricerca ha seguito una delle tante rotte che dal confine turco-greco si dirigono verso il nord EUropa, nella condizione apparentemente paradossale di muoversi nello spazio per indagare la questione del tempo. Le tre differenti temporalità del controllo analizzate attraverso il lavoro di campo sono state attesa, ritardo e accelerazione.
Le domande che hanno orientato la ricerca sono state le seguenti: come si articola il controllo sul tempo delle soggettività migranti? In che modo il tempo è utilizzato come mezzo e tecnologia per governare le persone migranti, controllandole attraverso il suo utilizzo? Come queste temporalità del controllo disciplinano e assoggettano le persone che ne sono oggetto?
Inoltre, partendo dalla consapevolezza che le persone migranti non svolgono solo il ruolo di bersaglio delle politiche migratorie EUropee, ma anche quello di avversario, cercando di agire forme di autodeterminazione negli interstizi lasciati dal potere, la ricerca ha provato a individuare le possibili resistenze messe in campo da esse. In questo caso, dunque, la domanda di ricerca è stata: in che modo il tempo può essere utilizzato dalle persone per dare origine a forme di soggettivazione, resistenza e traiettorie di vita inattese dal regime di frontiera EUropeo?
Particolare importanza è stata data alla produttività del tempo, sia in termini di produzione di soggettività, all’interno della continua tensione fra assoggettamento e soggettivazione, sia in termini di produzione di economie che mettono a valore questo tempo.
La prospettiva teorica – e politica – attraverso cui si è guardato a questi fenomeni è quella dell’autonomia delle migrazioni, ovvero un approccio che guarda ai movimenti e ai conflitti delle migrazioni privilegiando le pratiche soggettive, i desideri, le aspettative e i comportamenti delle persone migranti.This thesis analyses the temporal dimension of migrations crossing the contemporary EUropean space.
If, when thinking about migration, there is traditionally a tendency to analyse above all the spatial dimension of the phenomenon, the idea that has guided the research behind this work is that the temporal dimension is assuming an increasingly central role in the battle between border policies and freedom of movement.
Despite increasing militarisation and the enormous deployment of means and men to guard borders, people continue to move; state policies, then, attempt to extend the field of control over migrants' time as well, imposing heterodirected temporalities on them. People are slowed down rather than stopped, flows are contained rather than stopped, states try to prolong the dimension of transit as much as possible, imposing delay on people on the move. In the course of their journey and even once they reach their destination, people are confronted with repeated periods of prolonged waiting: either the time it takes to cross a border, the time it takes to deal with the bureaucracy of applying for asylum or to renew documents. Thus, specific temporalities of control and a multiplicity of temporal borders can be said to act on migrant subjectivities, which are not only substantiated by long and protracted waiting times, but sometimes also act through abrupt and unexpected accelerations, forcing people to make decisions in a frenzied and unplanned manner.
Through a multi-sited ethnography carried out in the key locations of Lesvos, Athens, Belgrade and Ventimiglia, the research followed one of the many routes from the Turkish-Greek border to northern EUrope, in the supposedly paradoxical condition of moving through space to investigate the question of time. The three different temporalities of control analysed through the fieldwork are waiting, delay and acceleration.
The questions that guided the research were: how is control of migrant subjectivities' time articulated? How is time used as a medium and technology to govern migrant subjectivities, controlling them through its use? How do these temporalities of control discipline and subjugate the people who are subject to them?
Moreover, starting from the awareness that migrant people do not only play the role of targets of EUropean migration policies, but also that of opponents, by seeking to act out forms of self-determination in the interstices left by power, the research tried to identify the possible resistances enacted by them. In this case, therefore, the research question was: how can time be used by people to give rise to forms of subjectivation, resistance and life trajectories unexpected by the EUropean border regime?
Particular importance is given to the productivity of time, both in terms of the production of subjectivity, within the continuous tension between subjugation and subjectivation, and in terms of the production of economies that value this time.
The theoretical - and political - perspective through which these phenomena have been looked at is that of the autonomy of migration, i.e. an approach that looks at the movements and conflicts of migration by privileging the subjective practices, desires, expectations and behaviour of migrant people
Migrant support volunteer tourism facing crises: Patchwork autoethnographies on Lesvos (Greece)
No full textThe island of Lesvos serves as a symbol of migration in the Mediterranean. From 2015 onwards, a steady stream of volunteer tourists began working on the island. Between 2019 and 2022 various ‘crises’ such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the fire at the Moria camp, and the rise of the far right in Greece significantly altered living conditions for both refugees and volunteer workers on the island. The authors employ a comparative patchwork autoethnography to rethink participant observation to fit the pandemic era. Through a situated, relational, and more-than-representational analysis of autoethnographic material and the confrontation between the authors’ experiences, the aim of this paper is to investigate how migrant support volunteer tourism interacts with various simultaneous ‘crises’ ongoing on Lesvos. This led to a reimagining of the way we understand volunteer tourism over its ‘pro vulnerable’ approach
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Filippi, D. (2024), "Vita curriculi. Università neoliberale, meritocrazia e la rincorsa al CV"
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