142 research outputs found
Stories of transformation: Aboriginal offenders' journey from prison to the community
No full textThe article discusses the reintegration of Canadian Indigenous peoples into the community following their prison sentences in the Canadian Criminal Justice System (CJS), including through referencing the theory of desistance. An overview of the culture and spirituality of aboriginal ex-convicts is provided. Rehabilitation programs in Canada for aboriginal ex-convicts are discussed.Peer reviewedFinal article publishe
Dynamic responses of centimetre scale parallel- and crossflexures
No full textDelta robots can be improved by changing the conventional joints with compliant joints (CJs). This will enable a new type of machine without joint clearance, zero friction, no wear and no need for lubrication, which makes the delta robot suitable for clean environments and dynamic applications with low maintenance. Most research in the field of compliant mechanism (CM) is in the static and quasi-static domain. Recent research on the dynamic behaviour of systems with CJs are validated with FEM models, although alignment and manufacturing errors are known to contribute to significant performance loss. This research contributes to the implementation of CJs in delta robots by looking at both theoretically and experimentally obtained bode plots for centimetre range parallel- and crossflexures. The aim of this thesis is to find the influence of varying joints angles and flexure thicknesses on the parasitic frequencies. The experimentally obtained frequency responses show that both flexure thickness and joint angle have influence on the parasitic frequency.Mechanical Engineering | Mechatronic System Design (MSD
Does Anyone Believe Me ?: The Traumatization of Domestic Violence Survivors in the Criminal Justice System
No full textSurvivors of domestic violence are often subject to chronic trauma as well as a heightened risk of injuries and mental health problems and disorders. The intention of the author is to focus on how trauma impacts a survivor’s ability to maneuver and interact with the criminal justice system (CJS). Prior studies have shown how survivor’s behaviors, usually the result of trauma, can lead to misconceived notions and beliefs in court officials and those involved in the CJS. Survivors will often face judgment, doubt, and criticism in the CJS, and this can impact their willingness to come forward, report the abuse, and trust the CJS. Abusers in the CJS will often take advantage of this doubt and manipulate the survivor’s trauma to make them appear less credible. This paper looks to demonstrate how the proper responses by the CJS is important in order to encourage survivors to come forward and proceed with criminal charges. By encouraging education and training, compassionate and empathetic responses, and follow through by the court system, survivors can feel as though they have a voice and can reduce the likelihood of re-victimization
Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion
No full textThe issue of whether extensional viscosity is a concept that causes more confusion than enlightenment is addressed. This author\u27s view is that misuse of the concept certainly has caused much confusion and, although it is in principle a simple and straightforward idea, it continues to be misused. What is straightforward is the formal definition of extensional viscosity, for steady uniform extensional flow. What gives rise to confusion is the careless use of measurements in flows which are not both steady and spatially uniform. \ua9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Response-dependent two-phase sampling designs for biomarker studies
No full textTwo‐phase sampling designs are developed and investigated for use in the context of a rheumatology study where interest lies in the association between a biomarker with an expensive assay and disease progression. We derive optimal phase‐II stratum‐specific sampling probabilities for analyses from parametric maximum likelihood (ML), mean score (MS), inverse probability weighted (IPW) and augmented inverse probability weighted estimating equations (AIPW). The easy‐to‐implement optimally efficient design for the MS estimator is found to be asymptotically optimal for the IPW and AIPW estimators we consider, and is shown to result in efficiency gains over balanced and simple random sampling even when analyses are likelihood‐based. We further demonstrate the robustness of this optimal design and show that it results in very efficient estimation even when the model or parameters used in its derivation are misspecified. This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: McIsaac, M. A., & Cook, R. J. (2014). Response-dependent two-phase sampling designs for biomarker studies. Canadian Journal Of Statistics, 42(2), 268-284. doi:10.1002/cjs.11207, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/cjs.11207. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Version
Examining the Canadian criminal justice framework for survivors of domestic violence and survivors' satisfaction with these safeguards
No full textIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is criminalized in Canada and remains an ongoing concern for survivors. Through a critical appraisal of secondary literature with a transformative worldview, the aim of this study is to investigate the criminal justice system (CJS) framework to determine what services provide satisfactory outcomes to survivors. Through the literature evaluated there is consensus that significant reform is needed to achieve these illusive satisfactory outcomes. To keep within scope, survivors considered were over the age of 18, and literature was selected from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada only. This study highlights that the CJS has not been successful at adequately addressing domestic violence (DV) despite decades of effort and policy approaches that are increasingly punitive. CJS responses also have unintended consequences for survivors, leading to dissatisfaction with the process. This study calls for further research involving survivor input and the exploration of a more balanced approach that considers both the legal and social contexts of DV, as well as comprehensive investigations founded on survivor input into the potential consequences of a response that prioritizes increased community involvement and a reduction of state power, a route toward the decriminalization of DV.intimate partner violence; domestic violence; survivors; women; criminal justice system; survivor experiences; victim
Hunger Hurts but Starving Works: A case study of gendered practices in the online pro-eating-disorder community
No full textThis paper investigates collective identity-work of Pro-eating disorder (Pro-ED) groups on the Internet. Using an adaptation of face-to-face ethnographic methods to investigate online communication (Mann and Stewart 2000), the author analyzes five collective organizing practices in Pro-ED groups that reveal a highly gendered character: 1) promoting surreptitiousness, 2) organizing in and around the realm of domesticity, 3) equating beauty with self-worth, 4) relying on friendship as a chief organizing principle, and 5) using fandom as a method of attracting and maintaining members. In spite of exceptional resistance to their activities, women in the Pro-ED community are able to achieve a collective Pro-ED identity wherein they maintain eating-disordered lifestyles. The case study presented here interrupts popular sociological understandings of collective identity mobilization as having categorically positive consequences for its members
Minimum profile Hellinger distance estimation for a semiparametric mixture model
No full textIn this paper, we propose a new effective estimator for a class of semiparametric mixture models where one component has known distribution with possibly unknown parameters while the other component density and the mixing proportion are unknown. Such semiparametric mixture models have been often used in multiple hypothesis testing and the sequential clustering algorithm. The proposed estimator is based on the minimum profile Hellinger distance (MPHD), and its theoretical properties are investigated. In addition, we use simulation studies to illustrate the finite sample performance of the MPHD estimator and compare it with some other existing approaches. The empirical studies demonstrate that the new method outperforms existing estimators when data are generated under contamination and works comparably to existing estimators when data are not contaminated. Applications to two real data sets are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new methodology
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