177,423 research outputs found
Consistency of nephron filtration measurements by collection of tubular total fluid from different proximal sites
No full textEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;76(5):389-93.
Consistency of nephron filtration measurements by collection of total tubular fluid from different proximal sites.
Romano G, Damato R, Favret G, Bartoli E.
SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, DPMSC, University of Udine, Medical School, Italy.
Abstract
The stability of single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) is assured by specific mechanisms such as the tubulo-glomerular feedback system and autoregulation. Studies on renal physiology rely heavily on the measurements of SNGFR, which are feasible only in animals. The measurement of SNGFR by collection of total tubular fluid may be influenced by the fall in intratubular hydrostatic pressure that may reflect the negative pressure applied to the sampling pipette. This effect may become more important with shortening of the distance between the sampling site and the Bowman space. We analysed this putative effect by performing collections of total tubular fluid from the late proximal (LP), and then from the early proximal (EP) segment of the same nephrons. In 128 paired collections LP-SNGFR averaged 35 (SEM 2) nl x min(-1), and was no different from the paired mean EP-SNGFR of 37 (SEM 2) nl x min(-1), P > 0.179. Then EP- and LP- SNGFR were significantly correlated (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). As expected, the respective paired means of absolute and percentage reabsorptions, and those of collection rates were significantly different. The average SNGFR computed from each LP and EP paired measurement was significantly correlated with the simultaneously measured kidney glomerular filtration rate, GFR (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001). The ratio of GFR to SNGFR indicated the expected number of glomeruli. These data would indicate that the sampling site does not influence the measurement of SNGFR in the proximal tubule when the total fluid collection technique is correctly performed. They also exclude a time-dependent activation of the macula densa capable of upregulating SNGFR within the interval elapsing between the beginning of LP and the completion of EP collections, which in our study averaged 4.4 (SEM 0.1) min
In tema di diritto di iniziativa dei cittadini europei
No full textL'articolo muove dalla considerazione, sul piano della prassi, del regolamento (UE) n. 211/2011 che regola l'esercizio del diritto di iniziativa dei cittadini europei (ICE) e considera i problemi emersi al riguardo e le modifiche prospettate e prospettabili per superare tali criticità
Rimozione dell’arsenico mediante processo di scambio ionico in presenza di anioni competitivi
No full textIon Exchange Processes for Arsenic Removal from Solutions with High Sulfate Concentrations: Breakthrough and Regeneration Tests
No full textInformed consent and compulsory treatment on individuals with severe eating disorders. A bio-ethical and juridical problem
No full textBackground. The problem concerning the activation of the measure of Compulsory Health Treatment (CHT) for subjects suffering from Eating Disorders (ED) represents a legal paradox that places health professionals in the position of frequently doubting the real usefulness
of the measure within the hospital context. This issue is mainly related to anorexia nervosa, which puts the subject in a higher life-threatening
situation than other EDs.
Method and materials. To outline the current state of the art, the most recent national and international scientific publications concerning informed consent and CHT in EDs were searched. In addition, Italian rulings in various degrees of judgement were evaluated with
the suggestion of a possible resolution of these issues.
Results. The analysis of the literature showed that although a
multitude of psychometric instruments has been created to identify
the ability to give informed consent, there are still not all the elements
necessary to identify the actual degree of disease awareness of ED
subjects. An important factor could be the exploration of the person’s
interception, which has been seen to be very high in individuals with
AN who are known not to experience the sensation of hunger. At
present, reviews of the bibliography and judgments have shown that
the measurement of CHT remains crucial if it is intended as a lifesaving treatment. However, it is evident that in terms of BMI, CHT is
not a definitive intervention and therefore the adoption of this practice
is necessary with extreme caution taking into account the person’s
actual ability to consent.
Conclusions. Future studies will have the task of determining the psychic factors necessary to better understand the state of the person in
his or her physical and mental wholeness, giving due weight to these characteristics and orienting knowledge in a practical sense to more
profitable direct treatment for individuals with ED. Clin Ter 2023; 174 (4
THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RORSCHACH AND WAIS-IV: PATTERN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBJECTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND NON-CLINICAL GROUP
No full textObjectives: The aim of the present work is to determine, by studying the differences between groups of individuals with intellectual disability and individuals without an obvious pathology in order to determine the typical profile of individuals with intellectual disability.
Methods: subject profiles were selected from more than two hundred medical records of patients evaluated for forensic purposes. The full study sample (N=36) was sorted into two groups based on the IQ score obtained by the WAIS test.
Groups were divided as follows: a Group composed of individuals diagnosed as intellectual disabled (N=25) and a group of non-clinical people.
Statistical analysis: To analyse groups differences a Mann-Whitney U test was performed.
Results: The Mann-Whitney U test shows that moderate differences exist between groups for the variables Zd, Zf, FQu, M, W, Blends, A and Ad (p=0.05). On the other hand, strongly significant differences were discovered for the variables WSC, R-PAS, Complexity, H, FQo, Age and whole number of R (p=0.01).
Discussion: The results show how the analyses carried out provide statistically significant characteristics to detect a prototypical profile of a subject with a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Considering also legal and social medicine aspects, the identification of these patterns represents a substantial help for clinicians to recognize the «state of handicap» useful to access to the benefits provided by Italian welfare state and especially by law 104/92 in the Italian legislation
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RORSCHACH AND WAIS-IV: PATTERN DIFFERENCES IN IQ PROFILES
No full textBackground: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) and Rorschach Inkblot
Test are often included in diagnostic routines by most of the clinicians to measure the
“Performance” from two different points of view; while WAIS-IV is used to analyse
intelligence and cognitive abilities, Rorschach measures how a subject respond, both
emotively and cognitively, to unstructured stimuli.
Methods: The full study sample (N=34) was sorted into three groups based on the IQ
score obtained by the WAIS test. Groups were composed in the following way: IQ lower
than 69 (N=19); IQ ranging from 70 to 99 (N=6); IQ higher than 100(N=9).
Statistical analysis: To analyse differences between groups we used a univariate analysis
of variance (ANOVA). In addiction differences between groups were deeply analysed using
Bonferroni Post-hoc Test.
Results: The ANOVA analysis shows that moderate differences exist between the groups
for the parameters Zd, Zsum, S, M, Zf, R (p=0.05). On the other hand, strongly significant
differences were found on the following parameters WSC, Complexity, Human responses,
Animal detail, unusual form quality, W (p=0.01).
Discussion: The results show how the analyses carried out provide statistically significant
characteristics to detect a prototypical profile of a subject with a diagnosis of intellectual
disability. Considering also legal and social medicine aspects, the identification of these
patterns represents a substantial help for clinicians to recognize the "state of handicap" useful
to access to the benefits provided by Italian welfare state and especially by law 104/92
Transglutaminase 2 in celiac diasease: Minireview article
No full textCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune pathology of the small intestine triggered, in genetically predisposed patients, by the exposition to gliadin, a flour protein, thus evoking local immune reactions and mucosal atrophy. The discovery that type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is the main, if not the sole, target of the endomysium CD-specific autoantibodies assigned to this enzyme a master regulator role of CD. Two separated events, both based on the finding that gliadin is able to act as a TG2 substrate, have been described to indicate that TG2 is involved in both the humoral and cellular immune responses. In this paper we review the novel insights on the localization and enzymatic activity of TG2 in the small intestinal mucosa. Moreover, we report on the capability of gliadin and its peptides to act as TG2 substrates
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