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Spatial behaviour of Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) translocated in a pre-alpine habitat
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An analisis of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) traffic collisions in the Belluno province, eastern Italian Alps.
No full textData of roe deer traffic collisions from 1989 to 2004 in the Belluno province were analyzed to describe patterns of road kills by zone, season and sex and to compare resulting annual trends and sex ratios with those estimated for roe deer population. The province was divided in 2 districts on the base of differences in climate, landscape and roe deer population status. Pearson’s simple correlation was used to investigate the associations, in the two districts, among road kills data, year, population density, traffic index, and snow depth. Bonferroni’s confidential intervals to 95% of significance were used to compare the monthly distributions of collisions between sexes and between districts. In conclusion, the analysis of car accidents may not reflect population trends and sex ratios when traffic rates change and when different ecological factors, others from deer density, influence the probability of deer to incur in a car accident. In addition, differences of accident probability between sexes and months can be found in areas with different landscapes, climates and population structures. These factors should be evaluated in order to manage accident risk and to understand the potential of car accidents records as a tool for monitoring population status
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) damages to mountain grassland. A case study in the Belluno province, eastern Italian Alps.
No full textFive alpine pastures (34±14ha) of the Belluno province, patchily damaged by wild boar, were chosen to investigate on main environmental parameters that might influence the rooting sites selection. Eighty damage sites were examined. For each damage surrounding type of grassland and distance from woodland were recorded and mapped using a G.I.S. software. Proportional availability (% of total pasture surface) of grassland types (rough grass, rich grass, degraded, shrubs and trees) and classes of distance from woodland (120m), and the respective use (% of total damage events) were estimated and compared with Chi-square test. A selection index was calculated as use/availability and Bonferroni confidence intervals (95%) were used to test significance. Degraded pastures and areas closer to woodland blocks were preferred. A vegetational analysis inside and outside the damaged areas showed a reduction in frequency of species producing bulbs and rhizomes, and in Poaceae as respect to other families of lower forage value. Future studies should investigate the role of different root forms, and invertebrate richness, on rooting site selection. Longer term studies are also needed to better define the evolution of pasture botanical composition of damaged areas
Relationships between livestock production systems and landscape changes in the Belluno province, Eastern Italian Alps
No full textNatural forest expansion following abandonment of farming is believed to have originated major changes in the landscape of Italian Alps. This study was conducted in the Belluno province (3676 km2, 1323 m a.s.l. mean elevation, SD=610 m), to determine the magnitude of landscape (forest to open areas) changes from 1980 to 2000 and to investigate on the relationships between characteristics of livestock production systems, socio-economic indicators (data from official censuses; 69 municipalities, 1444 ruminant farms) and landscape changes. Forest boundaries from regional maps (published in 1983; 1:10000 scale) were recorded by digitizing polygon features across the project area, and compared with a land-use theme created from aerial photographs (2001). Change of land use over time was obtained, for each municipality, by overlaying the 1983 and 2001 themes. From 1980 to 2000, forest areas increased by 22% and the forest/open area ratio increased from 2.5 to 6.3. The municipalities were grouped in clusters on the base of descriptors of landscape, socio-economic indicators and livestock production systems. A variance analysis showed that landscape changes differed between clusters and were less pronounced where traditional ruminant production systems had been less abandoned; socio-economic indicators were less related to landscape changes
Restocking of male ibex (Capra ibex): post-release behaviour in the Marmolada colony (Eastern Italian Alps)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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