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    War and Peace in the Religious Conflicts of the Long Sixteenth Century

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    Were early modern religious conflicts wars 'of religion', 'for religion', 'between religions', or 'about religion'? The ways in which war was waged and peace was agreed in the 'long sixteenth century' were strongly influenced by, had a deep connection with, and produced a lasting impact on, the religious divide of Latin Christianity in the wake of the Reformation. This collection of essays seeks to analyse historically these influences, connections, and impacts from multiple points of view. Were early modern religious conflicts wars "of religion", "for religion", "between religions", or "about religion"?This collection of essays seeks to analyse historically these influences, connections, and impact from multiple points of view, such as - but not limited to - the links between war and rebellion, the issues of trust and religious violence, early modern university debates on war and peace, the problems engendered by intolerance and the difficult management of tolerance, the delicate matters of politico-religious accommodation and the implementation of peace in towns and contested territories, the reappraisals and changes in the narratives of military prowess and religious fidelity, the role of women in the religious conflicts in the 'long sixteenth century', the porous boundaries (imagined or real) which existed between 'enemies' in times of war and the issues connected to the cohabitation with the 'Other' in times of peace

    Evaluation of telecommunication station parameters by means EM field measurements

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    The paper presents a method for the evaluation of telecommunication station parameters by means of electromagnetic field measurements. If exploited with electromagnetic field simulators, it allows a more accurate analysis of the electromagnetic field levels radiated by a plant. Both numerical examples and real-life experiments show that the method is accurate and that it can be usefully applied for electromagnetic field investigations over large geographical areas or sites not physically accessible for measurements

    Sistema automatico per la valutazione 3D dell’emissione elettromagnetica di apparecchiature elettroniche

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    Nella “compatibilità elettromagnetica ambientale” vengono affrontate le problematiche relative alle emissioni elettromagnetiche delle apparecchiature elettroniche ed i loro effetti in termini di impatto sull’ambiente e sull’uomo. Attualmente, a livello europeo, non esistono norme che limitano le emissioni elettromagnetiche delle apparecchiature elettroniche dal punto di vista dell’impatto ambientale. È comunque probabile che principi simili a quelli suggeriti nella legge quadro italiana 36/2001 siano prima o poi estesi in tutta Europa. Tali principi prevedono che un’apparecchiatura elettronica debba essere fornita all’utente finale corredata di informazioni relative alle emissioni elettromagnetiche generate e alle relative prescrizioni di sicurezza [1]. La riduzione dell’emissione diventerà quindi uno degli obiettivi principali di un costruttore, così come importante diverrà l’attività di caratterizzazione dell’emissione mediante tecniche di simulazione o misurazioni. In questo contributo viene presentato un sistema automatico per la valutazione tridimensionale dell’emissione elettromagnetica di apparecchiature elettroniche. Pur se ottimizzato al caso di apparecchiature elettromedicali di diatermia, il sistema si avvale di accorgimenti e metodologie del tutto estendibili a qualsiasi altra tipologia di sorgente

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Afterword

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    Afterword to the volume "War and Peace in the Religious Conflicts of the Long Sixteenth Century

    When the Past Makes Saints: The Knights of Malta from Sinners to Martyrs in "Il glorioso trionfo della sacrosanta religion militare di S. Giovanni Gierosolimitano (1619)”

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    After the fall of Rhodes (1522), the Order of St. John needed to recover its reputation as militia Christi and to redraft its chivalrous ideals within the context of the Catholic Renewal. However, this so-called Religion met this challenge partially and late, although it represented its glorious past as a gallery of saints and martyrs, even if they were not always officially recognised by the Church. This past, since its origin in the Holy Land, casted a shadow of sanctity into the present, confirming this Religion as being semper eadem. Such a representation is found in the book Il glorioso trionfo della sacrosanta religion militare di S. Giovanni Gierosolimitano, published in 1619 in Italy and Spain, which is investigated in this paper. In these peculiar acta sanctorum, the knights of St. John were por-trayed between their religious fidelity and military value up to the extreme of martyrdom. However, this sacrifice silenced the real behaviour of men whose religious practice was often inadequate. The narrative strategies of this work are set within the context of the coeval literature on the Crusades and the “Christian soldier”, and included: the hagiographic reconstruction of the Order origins and devel-opment, the providential interpretation of military victory/defeat, the stereotyped portrayal of the “bar-barous” infidel, the complaint about the internal divisions of Christianity against the Turk, the urgent appeal to the reconquest of the Holy Land

    An improved ray-tracing technique for the 3D evaluation of BTS emissions

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    An improved Ray-Tracing technique for the computation of the electromagnetic field radiated by mobile communication Base Transceiver Stations is proposed. The technique provides accurate three-dimensional representations of the radiated field and it successfully works also when reflection phenomena among buildings arise. The effectiveness of the method is verified by comparing the results of simulations and measurements coming from a real-life case-study

    Valutazione dei parametri caratteristici di una installazione radio-trasmittente. Analisi di impatto elettromagnetico ambientale

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    In questo contributo viene proposto un metodo che permette di ovviare in modo semplice ed efficace ad alcune problematiche di misura e di calcolo tipiche. Il metodo consiste nel risalire mediante misure di campo elettromagnetico ai parametri sconosciuti dell’antenna in esame e da questi effettuare successive simulazioni. Si vuole in questo modo far convergere in un'unica procedura misure e calcoli, al fine di sfruttarne i reciproci vantaggi

    Sensore di campo vicino per analisi in pre-compliance di emissioni irradiate da apparecchiature elettroniche

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    Le prove di pre-compliance rappresentano un modo efficace e conveniente per verificare la corrispondenza di un’apparecchiatura elettronica ai requisiti di compatibilità elettromagnetica (EMC) fissati dalle normative. Permettono infatti di individuare i problemi di interferenza elettromagnetica già in fase di prototipazione; rendono inoltre possibile la localizzazione delle sorgenti di disturbo e la successiva progettazione di accorgimenti ad-hoc per la riduzione dei fenomeni spuri. In questo contributo vengono descritte alcune caratteristiche di un sensore di campo magnetico a basso costo realizzato per diagnostica pre-compliance di emissioni irradiate da apparecchiature elettroniche
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