1,720,955 research outputs found
Winter Road Safety: A Case Study in Azumi Village, Nagano
Get PDFThis comparative and case study, undertaken from May 2000 to February 2004 at locations in Washington, Alaska and finally Nagano, Japan, focuses on a winter thoroughfare called the Kamikochi Norikura Super Rindo(herein: Forest Road) in the Azumi Village, which has been accosted with avalanche incidents and accidents for a number of years despite large investment in avalanche protection measures. In Japan, problems that are associated with winter both mountain travel safety to outdoor recreation safety are in many ways characterized by the issues which surround the risk management planning, use and management of this road. The problem in Azumi is of how to reduce the avalanche hazard along the Forest Road. In this paper, as an introduction and general overview in support of the ideas and concepts brought up body text, the current situation of avalanche work worldwide and in Japan is presented. One tendency seen in Japan is for heavy reliance on permanent measures such as the 88 snowfences constructed on the Forest Road at a huge expenditure(153,353,000JPY) in Azumi over the last 23 years. Avalanche forecast-ing is also rare, as demonstrated by only recent inclusion snowfall parameters for road closure purposes in Azumi. In North America and Europe, active avalanche control, which is the process of artificially releasing avalanches through explosive use, is popular as a temporary measure. Such protocol is often used to and complement to permanent measures such as earthworks or snowfences which redirect or reduce velocity of snow flow. In Switzerland alone 10,000kg explosives are used annually in avalanche control work. For the purposes of this study, operating models of bombing routes using hand-deployed charges and bomb trams which carry explosives to avalanche start zones as seen on field trips and inspected in Highway departments and ski areas in the US are proposed as a solution for the Forest Road in Azumi Village, Nagano, and investigated with respect to applicability, safety of use, legality, etc. The only legally hand-deployable charge in Japan, and major topic in this study is a new product called ACE(Avalanche Control Explosive) the research of which is facilitated through elementary on-snow testing. Through the course of this study it became evident that underlying the snow safety issue are issues in forest policy, road use planning, measure selection and funds appropriation. Delving further, it became clear that village and higher government may not have had access to a full range of internationally accepted options in the search for answers to problems of avalanche hazard reduction. In Azumi this inaccessibility to technology has resulted in expensive construction of inadequate permanent protection measures. Assuming that a program including active control could be formally made available to road managers at an attractive price, either deployment of charges by hand or light cableway would be suitable, albeit with some Japan-specific modifications. ACE are relatively low in total energy and their use would require some modification in size, and with respect to tram use it would be necessary to solve small engineering problems and determine which type of charge is explosive material bakes best economic and operational sense for the village. Both measures would require increasing the caliber and accuracy of the current forecasting program as well as unprecedented cooperation with road maintenance crews.Article信州大学農学部AFC報告 2: 35-65(2004)departmental bulletin pape
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Winter Road Safety -A Case Study in Azumi Village, Nagano-
No full textThis comparative and case study, undertaken from May 2000 to February 2004 at locations in Washington, Alaska and finally Nagano, Japan, focuses on a winter thoroughfare called the Kamikochi Norikura Super Rindo(herein: Forest Road) in the Azumi Village, which has been accosted with avalanche incidents and accidents for a number of years despite large investment in avalanche protection measures. In Japan, problems that are associated with winter both mountain travel safety to outdoor recreation safety are in many ways characterized by the issues which surround the risk management planning, use and management of this road. The problem in Azumi is of how to reduce the avalanche hazard along the Forest Road. In this paper, as an introduction and general overview in support of the ideas and concepts brought up body text, the current situation of avalanche work worldwide and in Japan is presented. One tendency seen in Japan is for heavy reliance on permanent measures such as the 88 snowfences constructed on the Forest Road at a huge expenditure(153,353,000JPY) in Azumi over the last 23 years. Avalanche forecast-ing is also rare, as demonstrated by only recent inclusion snowfall parameters for road closure purposes in Azumi. In North America and Europe, active avalanche control, which is the process of artificially releasing avalanches through explosive use, is popular as a temporary measure. Such protocol is often used to and complement to permanent measures such as earthworks or snowfences which redirect or reduce velocity of snow flow. In Switzerland alone 10,000kg explosives are used annually in avalanche control work. For the purposes of this study, operating models of bombing routes using hand-deployed charges and bomb trams which carry explosives to avalanche start zones as seen on field trips and inspected in Highway departments and ski areas in the US are proposed as a solution for the Forest Road in Azumi Village, Nagano, and investigated with respect to applicability, safety of use, legality, etc. The only legally hand-deployable charge in Japan, and major topic in this study is a new product called ACE(Avalanche Control Explosive) the research of which is facilitated through elementary on-snow testing. Through the course of this study it became evident that underlying the snow safety issue are issues in forest policy, road use planning, measure selection and funds appropriation. Delving further, it became clear that village and higher government may not have had access to a full range of internationally accepted options in the search for answers to problems of avalanche hazard reduction. In Azumi this inaccessibility to technology has resulted in expensive construction of inadequate permanent protection measures. Assuming that a program including active control could be formally made available to road managers at an attractive price, either deployment of charges by hand or light cableway would be suitable, albeit with some Japan-specific modifications. ACE are relatively low in total energy and their use would require some modification in size, and with respect to tram use it would be necessary to solve small engineering problems and determine which type of charge is explosive material bakes best economic and operational sense for the village. Both measures would require increasing the caliber and accuracy of the current forecasting program as well as unprecedented cooperation with road maintenance crews.Articleapplication/pdf信州大学農学部AFC報告 2: 35-65(2004)departmental bulletin pape
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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