528 research outputs found
The ceremonies at the laying of the cornerstone of the Packer Memorial Church of the Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa., Founder Day, October 8, 1885.
No full textThe ceremonies at the laying of the cornerstone of the Packer Memorial Church of the Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa., Founder Day, October 8, 1885. Bethlehem, Pa. : D.J. Godshalk & Co., 1885. 17, [1] p. ; 24 cm
Penapis larraini Packer, new species
No full textPenapis larraini Packer, new species (Figs. 1, A–J) Diagnosis. The male can be differentiated from other species of the genus by the absence of sublateral processes on S 6 and the form of the sublateral processes on S 5 (Figs. 1 C–F). In side view, the latter have a narrow, digitiform apex, which is dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 1 E). All other species in the genus have rounded (in P. penai angulate) sublateral processes on S 6 and approximately triangular processes on S 5, which are not dorsoventrally flattened, rather they are uniformly obliquely compressed. The female is most easily distinguished by the punctation of the metasomal terga: T 1 –T 4 have large, shallow punctures on the apical half (excepting the apical impressed areas) and T 2 –T 4 have minute, denser punctures bearing minute setae that are restricted to the anterior half of the tergum (slightly more extensive medially) (Fig. 1 J). Other species have the horizontal portion of T 1 impunctate, or almost so, and the minute punctures of T 2 –T 4 more extensive, at least on T 3 approaching the apical impressed areas medially to a distance much less than the length of the impressed area (Fig. 1 K). The male has similar sculpture but is more readily separated by the sternal characters noted above. Description. Male: Head width 1.85–1.90mm, ITW 1.4–1.45mm, wing length 4.8 –5.0mm, body length 7.4–7.6mm. Lower part of face moderately projecting (Fig. 1 A). Pterostigma with pale disc bordered by brown marginal veins. Midtibial spur gently curved almost to base. S 4 with more than 10 outwardly recurved plumose setae on each side; apical comb pale amber, more than 20 straight setae on each side, narrowly interrupted medially (Fig. 1 B), comb setae finer and longer than in other species. S 5 with median apical process shorter than sublateral process, laterally compressed and somewhat downcurved apically; sublateral process in lateral view with deep basal portion ending in acute angulation ventrobasad of dorsoventrally flattened, narrow apical projection (Figs. 1 C–E). S 6 lacking sublateral process, surface flat, apical concavity broad, truncate (Fig. 1 F). S 8 and genital capsule as in figures 1 G and 1 H. Female: Head width 4.8–5.2mm, ITW 1.42–1.52mm, wing length 4.8–5.2mm, body length 7.3–8.4mm. Midfemur flat over most of anterior surface, somewhat concave towards apex because of apicodorsal swelling. Scopa pale straw. Metasomal terga with sparse, shallow, large punctures on apical half (apical impressed areas excepted); punctures smaller, denser and more distinct on T 5 and T 6; anterior half of T 2 –T 4 with minute punctures separated by> their diameters; minute punctures extending slightly past midlength of tergum medially, less extensive laterally (Fig. 1 J). Material studied. Holotype male: CHILE Region I, Alto Patache, xi. 1997, W. Sielfeld. Allotype female, one male paratype and two female paratypes with identical label data, PUCV with one pair of paratypes at PCYU. Three female paratypes (one missing the head) same locality, 820m, one each from 30.xi.1997, 02.xii. 1997 and 07.xii. 1997, H. Larrain, two at PCYU, one at PUCV. Although not stated on any labels, the locality is at 20 ° 49 ’S; 70 °09’W. Etymology. The species is named after Horacio Larrain, eco-anthropologist and archaeologist of the Universidad Boliviariana in Iquique, northern Chile. The name is appropriate as his wife, Marta, is a sister of the renowned, late Chilean entomologist Luis Peña, after whom the genus and its type species were named. Dr. Larrain collected the first specimens of the species seen by the author and has been involved with numerous research projects on the locus typicus.Published as part of Packer, Laurence, 2012, Penapis larraini Packer, a new species of rophitine bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from a fog oasis in Northern Chile, pp. 54-58 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21437
Chilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 16 A–O) Diagnosis. This is a somewhat isolated species, perhaps most closely related to Toro and Moldenke’s Heteroediscelis (Packer, in press). It can be most readily separated from all other Chilicola in the male, by the long setae towards the apices of the apical flagellomeres (Fig. 16 A). The form of the hind trochanter is also unique (Fig. 16 D and E). Females differ from other Chilicola with apical hair patches on the metasomal terga and unmodified hind tibial spurs by the comparatively deep depressions dorsal of the antennal socket, which seem to house the scape. Only one other species matches this description, and Chilicola neffi Toro and Moldenke, has deeper and narrower frontal depressions but the females can be instantly differentiated by the maroon coloured metasoma of C. neffi, as well as by the latter species’ smaller size and location in coastal Chile rather than montane northwest Argentina. Description. Male: Length 6.0mm, forewing length 4.0mm, head width 1.4mm. Colouration: Black-brown with following parts yellow: Basal portion of labrum (rest dark brown), mandible (apex dark brown), clypeus except adjacent to epistomal suture, mark on lower paraocular area up to level of ventral margin of supraclypeal area, apicoventral spot on hind tibia. Following parts orange: Ventral surface of antennal flagellum, dorsal and anterior surfaces of foretibia, forebasitarsus, forepretarsus, S 2 and S 3 orange anterior to submarginal zone and all of S 6. Wing veins and tegula dark brown. T 1 and T 2 dark brown, narrowly orange anterior to translucent amber apical impressed areas. Surface Sculpture: Labrum shining with dense punctures basally (i~d) sparsely punctate apically (i= 2– 3 d). Clypeus with punctures small and dense apically (i~d), sparser towards base. Supraclypeal and lower and upper paraocular areas with strongly imbricate microsculpture, appearing almost granular and with small, sparse, irregularly spaced punctures (i = 1–5 d). Upper paraocular area with larger punctures. Frons with punctures crowded and sharp edged, very variable in size; area immediately below lateral ocelli with few, large punctures. Vertex behind ocelli rugose, laterally with dense punctures. Genal area with weak, elongate punctures on longitudinally microstriate background, shiny. Pronotum and metanotum roughly and densely punctate (id. Pubescence: Hairs short and sparse, except on gena, frons, mesopleuron and lateral surface of propodeum 1–2 MOD. Scopal hairs of hind tibia 2 MOD. Sparse basal hair bands on T 2 and T 3 and apicolaterally on T 2 – T 4. Scopa of S 2 corbiculate, hairs long 2.5 MOD, with branches only on anterior surface, scopal hairs of S 3 somewhat shorter 2 MOD. Structure: Maxillary palpus with segments increasing in length and decreasing in breadth from first to last, 0.7 X as long as prementum. Prementum 0.4 X as broad as long, with fovea covering most of ventral surface, margins strongly carinate. Lacinia an elongate triangle, 4 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum poorly sclerotised, less than 0.33 X as long as cardo. Clypeus with transverse apical depression for middle half of its width, extending one third below lower ocular tangent. Compound eyes less convergent below (Fig. 16 C), UOD:LOD 52: 40. IOC:OOC 17: 14. Frons swollen midway between lateral ocelli and antennae, swellings delimiting medial margin of supra-antennal depression. Dorsal surface of propodeum shorter, ratio of length to scutellum, 18: 22. Apical lunule of S 5 broadly U-shaped, 2 X as broad as long. Sting apparatus: As in Fig. 16 K–O. Lateral portion of marginal ridge of hemitergite 7 with two obtuse angles, one where margin of apodemal region meets ridge, second one just anterior to origin of lateral process; apodemes to spiracular atrium large (Fig. 16 K). Hemitergite 8 with plate and apodeme subequal in size, anterior ridge of apodeme slightly sinuate, junction between plate and apodeme straight (Fig. 16 L). First valvifer with dorsal and ventral processes equal in length. Second valvifer with pars articularis acutely angled, incisura postarticularis narrow and parallel-sided. Base of sting shaft with processus medianus moderately developed ventrally (Fig. 16 M). Furcula with ventral arms somewhat narrow, widely spaced forming broad U; dorsal arm comparatively broad, abruptly narrowing to apex; sinuate and narrow in side view (Figs. 16 N and O). Material studied. Holotype male, allotype female, one male and four female paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta, Cuesta de Obispo, 1km E. of Piedra de Molina, 25 o 11 ’ 152 ” S 0 65 o 51 ’ 236 ”W, 3340m, 20.iv. 2003, L. Packer; one female paratype, Salta, Cuesta Obispo, iii. 1997, Fritz. All specimens except the one collected by Fritz were found as adults in hollow stems of an unidentified shrub except both males and one female that emerged later the same year from nests obtained at the site. The holotype, allotype and one female paratype are at MACN, the remaining paratypes are at PYU except Fritz’s specimen, which is at AMNH. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the setation on the more apical antennal flagella of the male. Comments. This species generally agrees with that section of Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Heteroediscelis that was subsequently sunk within Oediscelis by Michener, (1995), (i.e. those species possessing a highly modified hind femur and tibia in the males). It can be differentiated from these species by the long antennal flagellomeres and form of the hind tibia, which is considerably expanded, but unlike Heteroediscelis with an expanded hind tiba, it lacks an incision just before the apex. The antennae are more reminiscent of C. (Oediscelis) vernalis Philippi and C. (O.) lonco Toro & Moldenke, although these latter two species lack the setation. It would seem to be somewhat isolated morphologically. This is another interesting new species of Chilicola discovered in and primarily known from specimens obtained from nests. Other examples of species known only from nests include several species of the subgenus Oroediscelis (Michener 2000; L. Packer unpublished data), C. venticola Packer (Packer 2004), C. (Anoediscelis) paramo González and Michener (González and Michener 2004) and also an undescribed species with affinities to C. inermis and C. mailen, known from a single gynandromorph collected by the senior author at the same locality and in stems of the same shrub that yielded the type series of C. setosicornis. Undescribed species in the subgenera Oroediscelis and Anoediscelis were also found in the same stems.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Neofidelia apacheta Dumesh and Packer, new species
No full textNeofidelia apacheta Dumesh and Packer, new species. (Figs. 1 –2, 3, 6, 7, 10 –13, 24, 30) Diagnosis: For females, the combination of metabasitarsus dorsally concave and laterally curved, and metabasitarsal fringe mostly pale is unique (Figs. 3 a and 3 b). Other species have the dorsal surface of the metabasitarsus straight in profile (Fig. 4) with the exception of N. profuga in which the fringe hairs are brownblack (as they are also in N. longirostris) (Fig. 5). For males, the combination of metatibial inner process angulate (Fig. 6) and apex of pygidial plate truncate (Fig. 7) is unique. All other species have a rounded inner process to the metatibia (Fig. 8) except for N. camanchaca which has a rounded apex to the pygidial plate (Fig. 9). Description: Male: Dimensions: Length 9.8–11.3 mm, forewing length 6.3–7.7 mm, head breadth 2.3–2.8 mm, ITW 1.6–1.9 mm. Colouration: Integument black, except: ventral surface of antenna brown; apex of clypeus and of mandible reddish; malar space with apical reddish-orange spot; tarsi reddish brown; apical impressed areas of terga brown becoming translucent apically; T 6 mostly yellow ochre, apex red-brown, base suffused with dark brown. Pubescence: Hairs mostly pale yellowish white, longest on mesopleuron (6.5 MOD), metafemur (4–5 MOD), and genal area below (5 MOD); pubescence of face most dense on antennal scape, supraclypeal area, and upper third of clypeus; pubescence long and dense on mesosoma except metapleuron below and propodeum anterolaterally; mesotarsus with long hairs (4 MOD); metatibia with dense long pubescence on ventral surface (3 MOD); T 1 with long hairs on disc (4 MOD), T 1 –T 7 with long hairs laterally, longest on T 5 –T 7 (3.5 MOD), T 7 bare on apical half; S 1 –S 5 with long (<3 MOD) suberect hairs laterally, parallel to surface and shorter (<2 MOD), erect hairs on disc; S 6 –S 7 with dense ventrally oriented hairs (1 MOD and 1.7 MOD, respectively). Sculpture: Clypeus coarsely and densely punctate on basal 1 / 4 (<1 pd), finely and sparsely punctate on apical 3 / 4 (3–4 pd); supraclypeal area punctures coarse, crowded; metafemur imbricate and densely punctate (<1 pd), punctures slightly sparser anteroventrally (1–1.5 pd); terga with basal areas densely and coarsely punctate (≤ 1 pd), punctures sparser medially (~ 2 pd), medially (~ 2 pd), apical impressed areas shiny and impunctate, T 5 –T 7 slightly more coarsely punctate than other terga; T 2 with weak transverse wrinkles on posterior half of disc; pygidial plate imbricate, surface irregularly wrinkled, mostly impunctate except for sparse punctures basally and large punctures along lateral margins; sterna more densely punctate than terga (1–2 pd). Structure: Head broader than long (59: 66), clypeus only slightly more protuberant than breadth of compound eye (16: 15); labrum 1.3 X as long as broad; mouthparts elongate, surpassing procoxa in repose; scape 2 X as long as broad, pedicel as long as broad, F 1 1.7 X as long as broad, F 2 –F 3 broader than long, F 4 –F 5 with length and breadth subequal, F 6 –F 11 longer than broad; mouthparts elongate, labial palpus 1.35 X as long as head, glossa and labial palpus subequal in length; mesoscutellum strongly convex; metafemur swollen (L:B 80: 45), subapical angle 1 / 3 femur length from apex, approximately right angular, apical angle 1 / 6 femur length from apex, clearly obtuse; metatibia apically broadened (L:B 65: 24), ventral surface with two longitudinal ridges, outer ridge strongly carinate, inner surface carinate on apical 1 / 3, both outer and inner ridges with sharp apicoventral angulation 1 / 4 from apex; pygidial plate enclosed by carina, apex truncate. Genitalia: gonostylus extending slightly beyond apex of penis valve, with translucent area less than 1 / 2 length of gonostylus (Fig. 10–11); S 7 strongly sclerotized medially, apical margin weakly concave and with small apicomedian convexity (Fig. 12); S 8 apically rounded (Fig. 13). Female: As in male except as follows: Dimensions: Length 7.2–10.6 mm, forewing length 5.1–6.3 mm, head breadth 2.06–2.6 mm, ITW 1.5 –2.0 mm. Colouration: Tarsomeres golden-brown basally, brown apically. Pubescence: Hairs long on genal area below, profemur, mesotarsus, and sternal scopa (4 MOD), longest apicodorsally on metatibia (6 MOD) and metabasitarsus (5 MOD); metabasitarsus and metatibia with pale brown hairs, those on metatibial fringe darkened towards their apices; on face most dense on supraclypeal area and lower paraocular area; on clypeus less dense than on rest of face, not obscuring surface beneath; on mesosoma shorter on dorsal surfaces, longer on mesopleuron, lower half of metapleuron bare; metabasitarsal fringe long, laterally divergent ~ 45 ˚ from vertical; T 1 –T 5 with long hairs covering terga except apical impressed areas bare; T 6 entirely bare. Sculpture: Face with punctation very fine, coarsest on upper paraocular area and between lateral ocelli, sparse on vertexal area (2 pd), smooth and impunctate between lateral ocellus and compound eye, punctures fine on lower paraocular area (2–3 pd), supraclypeal area densely punctate (1 pd), clypeus finely and sparsely punctate (3 pd) with poorly demarcated impunctate median line, genal area finely punctate (1–2 pd); mesoscutum finely and irregularly punctate; mesoscutellum shiny, impunctate on anterior 1 / 4, elsewhere 1–2 pd; mesopleuron with punctures sparser posteriorly and on lower third; lower half of metapleuron impunctate, upper half sparsely punctate (2–4 pd); dorsal surface of metabasitarsus shiny and impunctate; lateral surface of propodeum minutely punctate, (1–2 pd), posterior surface with some larger, sparser punctures; metasomal terga with basal areas sparsely punctate, apical impressed areas impunctate, T 1 –T 2 finely punctate on discs (4–5 pd), punctures sparser but somewhat coarser on T 3 –T 5, pygidial plate coarsely imbricate without conspicuous punctures; sterna more densely punctate (1–2 pd), punctures largely hidden below dense scopal hairs. Structure: Head broader than long (L:B 47: 51); clypeus more protuberant than breadth of compound eye (55: 50) and apical lip only slightly convex in lateral view; labrum 1.5 X as long as broad; antennal scape 2.2 X as long as broad, pedicel as long as broad, F 1 2 X as long as broad, F 2 –F 3 broader than long, F 4 –F 5 about as long as broad, F 6 –F 10 longer than broad; metabasitarsus with outer margin and dorsal surface slightly longitudinally convex, breadth of glabrous dorsal surface ~ 1 / 5 th as long as the basitarsus, and subequal to MOD (breadth:length:MOD 6: 31: 6); terga with apical impressed areas triangular, medially occupying almost half length of tergum, narrowing laterally, occupying 1 / 7 th length of tergum. Material Studied: Holotype male, allotype female, 126 female and 46 male paratypes as follows: Holotype male, allotype female, 3 female and 1 male paratypes: CHILE, Region I, 62km E. of Pozo Almonte, - 20.28928 - 69.21951. 2464m, 14.iv. 2012, L. Packer, ex Nolana tarapacana. Additional paratypes, all collected by the junior author, are as follows: same locality as holotype but 15–16.iv. 2012, pan and cup traps, 14 females and 2 males; same locality except 21.iv.– 10.v. 2012, pan and cup traps, 43 females and 8 males. Region I, ~ 70km E. Pozo Almonte, - 20.29732 -69.14223, 2969m, 16–21.iv. 2012, L. Packer, pan traps, 3 females and 1 male; Region I, ~ 73km E. Pozo Almonte, - 20.31233 -69.12930, 3137m, 16–21.iv. 2012, pan and cup traps, 4 females and 2 males; same locality except 21.v.2012, 1 male ex Nolana tarapacana; Region I, Mamigna vertedero, - 20.06175 - 69.22181, 2660m, 16–21.iv. 2012, pan and cup traps, 10 females and 1 male; same locality except 21.iv.- 10.v. 2012, pan and cup traps, 3 females and 10 males. Region I, 4km NW Mamigna, - 20.06371 -69.23058. 2683m, 16–21.iv. 2012, pan and cup traps, 20 females and 8 males; same locality except 21.iv.– 10.v.2012, 6 females and 8 males; Region I, S. of Cerro Colorado, - 20.08888 -69.28450, 2386m, 16–21.iv. 2012, pan and cup traps, 1 female and 1 male; same locality except 21.iv.– 10.v. 2012, pan and cup traps, 7 females and 1 male; Region I, Hwy 31 59km, Pampa de Chaca,- 18.73617 -69.75206, 2175m, 20.iv.– 11.v. 2012, cup trap, 2 females; Region I, Hwy 31 55.6km, Pampa de Chaca - 18.74978 -69.78452, 2989m, 20.iv.– 11.v. 2012, pan traps, 3 females; same locality except 1935m, 19.iv.– 12.v. 2012, vane trap, 4 females and 1 male; Region XV, Hwy 11 65km, - 18.47355 - 69.84498, 1935m, 19.iv– 12.v. 2012, L. Packer, pan traps, 3 females and 1 male; Region XV, Planta Quiborax, - 18.44193 -69.89268, 1660m, 19.iv.– 13.v. 2012, L. Packer, pan trap, 1 female. All specimens are housed at PCYU with the exception of two females and one male (Praz-Litman collection, Neuchatel); one female (personal collection of Rolando Humire); two males and five females, including holo- and allotypes (PUCV); one male and one female at AMNH. Paratypes will be sent to various additional museums in due course. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the cairn-like piles of stones that the Aymara peoples of northern Chile constructed as part of ritual offerings made by travellers in the hope of a safe journey. Several such “apachetas” are given official archaeological site status in the vicinity of the type locality. Variation: This species varies considerably in size: the smallest female is slightly more than 2 / 3 the size of the largest. Males are somewhat less variable in size, with the smallest being 4 / 5 the size of the largest. None of the important diagnostic features of the species shows clear allometric variation. The colour, sculpture and shape of the female pygidial plate varies: although it is always yellowish for most of its length and coarsely imbricate basally, the extent of yellow varies and some individuals have it smooth and shiny for the apical ¼. The angle subtended by the sides of T 6 varies from less than 60 ° to almost 80 °. straight (4 a), in dorsal view to show dorsal surface parallel sided and dark fringe (4 b); Fig. 5. N. profuga female metabasitarsus to show dorsal surface with weaker longitudinal concavity and dark fringe; Fig. 6. N. apacheta male metatibia to show angulate inner process; Fig. 7. N. apacheta male pygidial plate to show truncate apex; Fig. 8. N. longirostris male metatibia to show rounded inner process; Fig. 9. N. camanchaca male pygidial plate to show rounded apex. Scale bars = 1mm. Floral hosts: Netted specimens were collected on Nolana tarapacana I.M.Johnst. (Solanaceae) and those from pan traps were almost always from areas with abundant flowering plants of this species. Comments: The discovery of N. apacheta is perhaps somewhat surprising as the areas where it was found had been searched by the junior author, also using pan traps, at the same time of year in 2000 and again in 2004 (Genaro and Packer, 2005; Packer, 2005). However, the summer rains (“invierno Boliviano”) were much more plentiful in 2012, in some areas being the strongest in ~ 30 years (Humire, personal communication) and in others the strongest in over 90 years (Larrain, personal communication). The junior author does not recall seeing No. tarapacana in flower during the earlier visits. Other bees not seen in the earlier fieldwork were also discovered abundantly, including an undescribed species of Xeromelissa which also seems to specialize upon the flowers of No. tarapacana. The known distribution of No. tarapacana (Dillon, personal communication) is almost identical to the known localities for N. apacheta with the exception that the floral host has also been found at lower elevations (down to 1200m in the Pampa de Tamarugal). While other species of Neofidelia are active after winter rain, including the two species described below, N. apacheta has only been found after the summer rain which is the main source of precipitation at higher altitudes in the far north of Chile. However, flowering No. tarapacana has been collected in October and November and so it is possible that N. apacheta may also be found after a rare winter rainfall in the north of Chile.Published as part of Dumesh, Sheila & Packer, Laurence, 2013, Three new species of Neofidelia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) from Northern Chile, pp. 471-483 in Zootaxa 3609 (5) on pages 472-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3609.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/21822
Chilicola (Stenoediscelis) denisii Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola (Stenoediscelis) denisii Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 13 A–H) Diagnosis: On the basis of numerous characteristics this species is clearly a member of Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Stenoediscelis, subsumed within Anoediscelis by Michener (1995), but deserving of subgeneric status based upon phylogenetic analysis (Packer, in press). Synapomorphies for Stenoediscelis include, for both sexes, the previously unnoticed notched parascutal carina (Fig. 13 D); in the male, the form of the hind tibia and basitarsus, both of which are slightly outwardly concave (Fig. 13 E), and the terminalia with a particularly characteristic S 7 (Fig. 13 F); and in the female the subapical mandibular tooth, which is as long as, or almost as long as, the apical tooth and the presence of a medial angulation basal to the subapical tooth (Packer, in press). Males of Chilicola denisii can be differentiated from the two described species of Stenoediscelis, C. inermis (Friese) and C. mailen Toro and Moldenke, on the basis of its almost entirely dark hind tibia. Two additional undescribed species are known from the same geographic region as the type locality for C. denisii in Patagonian Argentina. One can be differentiated from C. denisii on the basis of size; it is less than 3.5mm in length whereas C. denisii is 4.5 –5.0mm, as well as having narrow pale rings on the base and apex of the hind tibia. The remaining species is as large as C. denisii and like it has an entirely dark hind tibia, but has the ventral surface of the hind femur angulate at the base so that it attains its maximum depth in its basal quarter. The hind femur of C. denisii is not swollen basally and attains its maximum depth near midlength (Fig. 13 E). Females of the new species can be differentiated from C. inermis and C. mailen by their generally sparse and irregular mesoscutal punctation, with i= 1–5 d as opposed to i= 1–2 d. The smaller of the undescribed species noted above also has irregular and sparser punctation but can be differentiated readily on the basis of size as noted. Description. Male: body length 5.0mm, forewing length 3.0mm, head width 0.9mm. Colouration: Black, with following parts yellow: Labrum, mandible (except apex red-brown), all of clypeus, lower paraocular area extending to half distance between anterior tentorial pit and upper margin of clypeus. Following parts orange or yellow-orange: Pedicel and flagellum, apical spot on fore- and midfemur, anterodorsal surface of foretibia, foretarsus, basal and apical rings on midtibia. Following parts testaceous: Mid- and hindtarsi and apical ring on hindfemur. Posterior surface of flagellum brown. Tegula translucent dusky brown. Wing veins dark brown, tending to testaceous towards base. Apical impressed areas of metasomal terga translucent dusky brown. Surface Sculpture: Labrum coarsely and irregularly punctate (id, becoming sparser on more posterior terga, apical impressed areas impunctate with weaker microsculpture. Pubescence: White, short and sparse, not especially plumose; longest on genal area (2 MOD), of intermediate length on legs and ventral surface of mesosoma. Without apico-lateral hair patches on metasomal terga and no specialized hair patches on metasomal sterna. Structure: Head: Longer than broad, length to width 13: 12 (Fig. 13 A). Labrum 2 X as broad as long, apical margin slightly produced medially. Mandible length:basal depth ~ 2: 1. Clypeus shorter than broad 38: 45, lower one quarter extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove (Fig. 13 A). Epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit into elongate comma, pit adjacent to suture. Subantennal sutures weakly concave outwardly. Supraclypeal area somewhat protuberant dorsally, flat below, length:breadth 25: 21. Frons lacking swellings or depressions. Frontal line raised for lower 0.4 X distance between supraclypeal area and median ocellus, replaced by narrow depression for remaining 0.6 X. Facial fovea present but extremely weakly developed as comparatively shiny area with weak wrinkling in surface above and below. Inner margin of compound eye weakly emarginate, strongly convergent below (Fig. 13 A), UOD:LOD 77: 48. OOC: IOC 22: 28. Lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by slightly less than 2 X its diameter. Vertex rounded in frontal view, slightly longer than LOL in dorsal view. Upper ocular tangent approximately 0.6 MOD below lower margin of median ocellus. Scape slightly shorter than pedicel+F 1 +F 2 combined, almost 3 X as long as broad; F 1 slightly broader than long; F 2 –F 10 almost 2 X as long as broad; F 11 0.75 X as long as F 10; flagellum not markedly increasing in breadth from F 1 to F 11; flagellomeres lacking unusual patterns of setation or structural modifications. Genal area narrower than compound eye (28: 40) (Fig. 13 B). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, approximately 2 X as long as greatest depth. Pronotal collar short, subequal to LOL. Mesoscutum with parascutal carina notched (Fig. 13 D). Episternal groove complete; scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe, absent anteriorly. Propodeum elongate, dorsal surface as long as posterior depth and subequal to length of scutellum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 30: 15: 23), propodeal sulcus absent, area outside of dorsal triangle of propodeum swollen, and dorsal and posterior surfaces at angle of 135 º to each other. Hind trochanter unmodified. Hind femur 2.5 X as long as greatest depth, convex ventrally. Hind tibia laterally compressed, narrow basally, gradually expanding to apical third, somewhat parallel sided to apex, length to greatest depth 90: 23, attaining base of trochanter when folded, lacking angles or carinae (Fig. 13 E). Hind tibial spurs somewhat short but not robust, strongly curved or sclerotised. Hind basitarsus very slightly concave outwardly and slightly downcurved, 5.5 X as long as greatest depth (Fig. 13 E). Hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein weakly curved near base; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near middle of second submarginal cell; stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin; stigmal margin on marginal cell angularly convex; first recurrent vein apical to first submarginal cross vein. Metasoma: Length and apical width of T 1 subequal; T 2 and T 3 with weak basal depressions; apical impressed area approximately 0.25 X length of tergum. Metasomal sterna unmodified except S 1 concave subapically in profile. Terminalia: S 7 with ventral lobe L-shaped and posteriorly directed, bearing row of long hairs in basal half of outer surface and a few short hairs at extreme apex, dorsal lobe short and flat (Fig. 13 F). S 8 with apical lobe narrowly joined to rest of sternum, apex concave. Gonobase with lateral projection of ventroapical process broadly rounded (Fig. 13 G). Volsella with outer margin angularly and deeply concave before apex. Gonoforceps elongate, gonostylus poorly demarcated from gonocoxite, elongate and narrow. Penis valve with two long membranous lobes, medial one dorsally oriented, lateral one bent inwardly at right angles over medial lobe (Fig. 13 H). Female: Body length 4.5mm, wing length 2.6mm, head width 1.0mm. Colouration: Entirely dark brown-black except anterior surface of F 4 –F 10 pale orange and apical impressed areas of metasomal terga amber. Surface Sculpture: As in male except as follows: Labrum with large dense punctures, i<d. Clypeus with punctures more distinct, i= 1–4 d. Lower paraocular area regularly punctate, i=d; upper paraocular area with shiny almost impunctate area. Frons more regularly punctate, i= 2 d. Vertex with weak transverse wrinkles. Genal area with distinct punctures anteriorly, i~d. Hypostomal area shiny lacking microsculpture with few minute punctures. Mesoscutum with punctures irregular, i= 1–5 d. Metanotum with punctures more distinct and regular than in male, i~d; Pubescence: Longest hairs on frons <1.5 MOD; on genal area, <2 MOD; on lateral surface of thorax 1 MOD. Hind trochanter, femur and tibia with sparse scopal hairs <2 MOD. Metasomal terga lacking apicolateral hair patches. S 2 with long scopal hairs forming corbicula, <4 MOD, with widely spaced, short branches on anterior surface. Structure: As in male except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows (mouthparts and sting apparatus not dissected in sole female specimen): Head longer, length to width 13: 11 (Fig. 13 C). Labrum 2.5 X as wide as long, with circular apicomedial ridge, bearing tuft of setae. Mandible with subapical tooth as long as apical one and with mesal angulation basal to subapical tooth. Frons lacking swellings or depressions. Frontal line raised for lower 0.6 X distance between supraclypeal area and median ocellus. Facial fovea absent but represented by shiny almost impunctate area. OOC: IOC 24: 26. Upper ocular tangent approximately 1 MOD below lower margin of median ocellus. Gena shorter than width of compound eye (30: 36). T 1 broader, length to width 60: 85. S 5 with apical lunule 0.75 X as long as apical width. Material studied. Holotype male: ARGENTINA, Santa Cruz, 20km E. of Los Antiguos, 46 o 36 ’ 595 ” S 0 71 o 21 ’ 472 ”W 17.xi. 2003, pan trap, L. Packer; allotype female: same except 0.5km E. of Los Antiguos, 46 ° 33 ’ 500 ” S 071° 35 ’ 507 ”W, 237m, 17–19.xi. 2003, pan trap, L. Packer. Both known specimens will be housed at MACN. The holotype bears a blue label that states: VOUCHER SPECIMEN DNA EXTRACTION E.A.B. Almeida # 58 extraction date: 7 / 2004. Etymology. This species is named, with gratitude and affection, after the senior author’s father, who ensured that the senior author was not afraid of insects as a child. Comments. The genitalia of this species are very similar to those of C. inermis and particularly, C. mailen, but the outer margin of the ventral lobe of S 7 is straighter and the whole lobe more L-shaped, whereas in the other two species the outer margin is rounded and the whole lobe more lunate. In C. inermis the ventral lobe of S 7 is also more gradually narrowed to the apex and the basal bare area longer than in the other two species.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3A–M) Diagnosis. Chilicola obesifrons and its close relatives (all of which are undescribed, but include this and the following species) are among the smallest bees in the genus. As a group, they can be differentiated from any of the named subgenera of Chilicola on the basis of the shape of the pronotum, the collar of which is moderately long, not strongly convergent anteriorly but angulate at the anterolateral corners (Fig. 3 E). A new subgenus is being described for this group of species (Packer, in press). Other unusual characteristics are the lack of an emargination on the inner margin of the eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) (shared only with some species of the subgenus (Prosopoides)) and the comparatively coarse punctation of the thoracic dorsum (Fig. 3 F). The frons is at least slightly expanded around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the compound eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) in all of the species in the group with the exception of the next species to be described (C. catamarcense Packer, n. sp.). These expanded areas are comparatively impunctate but bear strongly imbricate microsculpture appearing almost granular, some species of the subgenus Prosopoides also share this condition. The membranous lobes of S 7 are unique (Fig. 3 H) in form, colouration and setation among related species, including the subgenus Prosopoides. These other taxa have much more robust lobes that usually bear long and/or thick, capitate setae. Chilicola obesifrons can be differentiated from other members of its group by the following characters: the head of both sexes in profile has the median ocellus entirely hidden by frontal swellings and the vertex is flat around the lateral ocellus (Figs. 3 B and D). This feature combined with the anterolateral corners of pronotum approximately right-angled serve to identify the male (Fig. 3 E). For the female, the comparatively small mesoscutal punctures, with space for approximately 12 between the median and parapsidal lines, separate this species from others with a swollen frons and flat vertex. Other species with the median ocellus hidden in profile either have males with the head angularly produced in front of the lateral ocellus in profile (an undescribed species known only from the male from Neuquen, Argentina) or anterolateral corners of pronotum acutely angled (a Bolivian species) and females with larger mesoscutal punctures such that at most 9 would fit in the space between admedian and parapsidal lines (both an additional northern Argentinian species and the Bolivian one). Description. Male: Body length 3.2mm, forewing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: Black, with following parts yellow: labrum, mandible (except apex red-brown), most of clypeus, spot on lower paraocular area, anterior mark on scape. Pedicel and flagellum orange. Legs with yellow-orange as follows: anterior surface of foretibia, outer surface of forebasitarsus, apical rings on all femora; basal and apical rings on all tibiae. Tarsi pale brown. Tegula and apical impressed areas of metasomal terga pale amber. Wing veins orange-brown. Surface Sculpture: Microsculpture strongly imbricate almost throughout. Labrum deeply, coarsely and densely punctate (i<d) on shining background. Clypeus dull with sparse, irregular and obscure punctures, i= 1– 4 d. Supraclypeal and lower paraocular areas somewhat shiny with punctures more distinct and somewhat more dense, i= 1–3 d. Frons with larger, denser punctures, i~d, with impunctate swellings around median ocellus and laterad of lateral ocellus. Vertex with transverse wrinkles among punctures. Hypostomal area irregularly punctate, i= 1–4 d. Pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum (Fig. 3 F) dull with dense punctures that are large for size of insect, i<d; sparser on scutellum, i~d; metanotum duller than mesoscutum, punctures i<d. Mesopleuron somewhat shiny, irregularly punctate, i<1–3 d. Dorsal surface of propodeum with disk slightly depressed, weakly rugosoreticulate on either side of median carina, dorsolateral area roughened. Metasomal terga with weak microsculpture, sparse shallow obscure punctures, anterior portions of terga not differently sculptured from disks, apical impressed areas impunctate with very weak microsculpture. Pubescence: White, short and sparse, not especially plumose; lacking long erect hairs on hypostomal area. Without apicolateral hair patches on metasomal terga. No areas of specialized pubescence on metasomal sterna or legs. Structure: Head: Longer than broad, length to width 62: 53 (Fig. 3 A). Labrum 2 X as broad as long, apex almost straight. Mandible short and broad, length:basal depth ~ 2: 1. Clypeus with length and breadth subequal, lower one third extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove; epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit almost to laterally reflexed portion of suture, pit not separated from suture (Fig. 3 A). Subantennal suture curved inward from near origin on antennal socket, otherwise straight; supraclypeal area (Fig. 3 A) long and narrow, length to breadth <2: 1, weakly produced and poorly demarcated from frons above. Frons greatly swollen around median ocellus and mesad of upper inner margin of eye such that median ocellus not visible in profile; swellings causing head to be flat dorsally in profile (Fig. 3 B). Frontal line distinct to median ocellus. Facial fovea broadly oval, shiny and shallow (Fig. 2). Inner margin of compound eye not emarginate (Fig. 3 A) making UOD difficult to assess, but eyes strongly convergent below (Fig. 3 A); OOC subequal to IOC. Lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by more than 2 X its diameter. Vertex slightly longer than lateral ocellus, abruptly rounded onto occipital region. Upper ocular tangent passing well below lower margin of median ocellus by more than MOD. Scape 3 X longer than greatest breadth, much longer than pedicel (Fig. 3 A) and F 1 –F 3 combined; F 1 broader than long, F 2 4 X broader than long (Fig. 2); middle flagellomeres with length and breadth subequal; F 11 slightly longer than F 10; flagellum gradually increasing in breadth from F 1 to F 11; flagellomeres lacking unusual patterns of setation or structural modifications. Genal area approximately one third as long as eye (Fig. 3 B). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, length more than 2 X its greatest depth (17: 7). Pronotal collar long, slightly more than ½ as long as scape and approximately 1.5 LOL, laterally weakly concave, anterolateral corners forming right angle (Fig. 3 E). Episternal groove complete, sharply curved anteriorly below. Scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe. Propodeum elongate, dorsal surface as long as posterior depth and subequal to length of scutellum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 24: 15: 25); propodeal sulcus marked by shallow pits becoming more distinct posteriorly. Hind leg not strongly modified; trochanter lacking modifications; femur 3 X as long as greatest depth, convex ventrally; tibia gradually expanding from base to apex, somewhat more strongly so in basal half, length 3.5 X greatest depth, lacking angles, carinae or ridges (Fig. 3 G); hind tibial spurs long and not strongly curved or sclerotised; hind basitarsus 6 X longer than greatest depth, parallel sided; hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein evenly curved; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near apex of second submarginal cell, stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin, stigmal margin in marginal cell convex; first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein approximately interstitial on Rs+M. Metasoma: Length and apical width of T 1 subequal. T 2 and T 3 with weak basal depressions; apical impressed area approximately 0.33 X length of tergum. Metasomal sterna unmodified except S 1 slightly swollen at apex, gradulus of S 2 with long posteriorly directed lateral portion, gradulus missing on S 3 –S 6. Terminalia: S 7 with one pair of lateral lobes, ventral lobe broad, membranous, dusky pigmented except for basal and apical extremities; dorsal lobe reduced to narrow lamella with acute dorsolaterally oriented angulation (Fig. 3 H). S 8 with apical process elongate; widest at apex; emarginate apically (Fig. 3 I). Ventroapical process of gonobase broad with comparatively long lateral projections. Volsella kidney-shaped; gonostylus not clearly demarcated from rest of gonoforceps. Gonoforceps with medioventral lobe approximately right-angled. Penis valve with pair of subapical membranous lobes, both oriented dorsally (Fig. 3 J). Female: Body length 3.3mm, wing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: As in male except as follows: Labrum, mandible and anterior surface of flagellum orange. Clypeus and lower paraocular area lacking pale markings. Legs with marking darker orange; rings on femora and tibiae narrower. Metasomal sterna dark brown. Wing veins pale amber. Surface Sculpture: As for male except as follows: Somewhat less dull throughout due to slightly weaker microsculpture. Spacing of punctures on supraclypeal area less regular, i= 1–5 d. Scutellum with space for approximately 12 punctures between admedian and parapsidal line. Metanotum no duller than scutellum. Mesopleural punctures finer. Lateral sulcus of propodeum very weak. Pubescence: As in male except as follows: Comparatively sparse scopa on hind leg, with hairs on femur and tibia <3 MOD. Metasomal scopal hairs with short branches on anterior side of rhachis, well developed corbicula on S 2, <5 MOD; scopal hairs on S 3 <4 MOD; apical row of hairs on S 4 <3 MOD; Structure: Maxillary palpus unmodified, somewhat less than 0.5 X as long as prementum. Prementum 4 X longer than greatest width; premental fovea large, carinate laterally. Lacinia an elongate triangle, more than 3 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum weakly sclerotised except towards apex, 0.33 X as long as cardo. Rest of body as in male except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows: Facial fovea larger (Fig. 3 C). Frons less strongly swollen around median ocellus and dorsally along inner margin of eye, median ocellus not visible in profile, area around it somewhat flattened (as in Figs. 3 C and D), region between medial and lateral swellings concave. Supraclypeal area shorter than in male (Fig. 3 C). Gena more than 0.5 X as long as width of compound eye (Fig. 3 D). Apical lunule of S 5 forming approximately equilateral triangle. Sting apparatus: Hemitergite 7 (Fig. 3 K) with lateral portion of marginal ridge thick almost to apex with obtuse angle at base of lateral process; lateral lamella approximately triangular, medial portion of marginal ridge concave; spiracle closer to lateral portion of marginal ridge than to apex of lamina spiracularis, set in shallow depression; apodeme poorly developed; posterior margin of lamina spiracularis obtusely excised. Hemitergite 8 (Fig. 3 H) with anterior ridge strongly developed to apex, straight except slightly produced anteriorly at apex; margin of plate and junction of apodeme and plate both slightly sinuate. First valvifer comparatively long and parallel-sided with short dorsal and ventral processes. Second valvifer with apodemal ridge slightly convex, apical process weakly developed, pars articularis narrowly rounded, incisura postarticularis moderately broad, portion of plate basal to gonostylus membranous, gonostylus somewhat parallel-sided. Sting shaft with basal bulb 2 / 3 as long as stylet, ventral surface slightly concave; processus muscularis and processus medianus not strongly developed (Fig. 3 M). Furcula with ventral arms narrow apically considerably broadened near basal one third, in lateral view strongly reminiscent of a cheese knife with ventral margin of dorsal arm strongly convex. Material studied. Holotype male and allotype female, ARGENTINA, Catamarca, 17km N. of Andalgala, 14–15.ii. 2003, L. Packer, pan traps; all paratypes are also from Catamarca province and are as follows: 25km N. of Andalgala, 14.ii.03 L. Packer, six females (one in glycerin); 20km N. of Andalgala, 27 o 29 ’ 477 ”S, 0 66 o 23 ’006”W, 1736m, 14.ii.03, L. Packer, three females; Los Nacimientos de Abajo, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; 6km N. of Belén, 1240m, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; Punta Balasto, i. 1997, Arriagada, one female; San Fernando, 7.iii. 1990, Rozen and Roig, on Sclerophyllax gilliesii (Sclerophyllaceae), six females. The holotype and allotype will be housed at MACN pending completion of revisionary studies of the group; the Willink, Torán, Stange females are at IML, Arriagada’s and Rozen and Roig’s specimens are at the AMNH, the remaining paratype females are at PYU. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the large swellings around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the eye. Comments. The type series collected by the senior author was found on the roadside between Andalgala and Capillitas in an area that was substantially moister than were the surrounding areas. The two specimens collected by Duckworth have the propodeal sulcus more strongly developed than in the others and approach several undescribed species in the group in this regard. Two females from Sumalao, Salta Province, Argentina (AMNH), collected by Fritz in January 1996 may be attributable to this species.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 5-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Power Packer Sheepsfoot Roller Model M-50, Lt8 16884
No full textPhotograph of the Power Packer Sheepsfoot Roller Model M-50. LeTourneau introduced its first diesel-electric, self-powered sheepsfoot roller in March 1959, according to author Eric Orlemann
The Importance of Moral Construal: Moral versus Non-Moral Construal Elicits Faster, More Extreme, Universal Evaluations of the Same Actions
No full textVan Bavel, J.J., Packer, D.J., Haas, I.J., & Cunningham, W.A. (2012). The importance of moral construal: moral versus non-moral construal elicits faster, more extreme, universal evaluations of the same actions. PLoS ONE, 7, e48693. 10.1371/journal.pone.0048693.
We conducted three experiments showing that evaluations are also susceptible to the influence of moral versus non-moral construal
The Importance of Moral Construal: Moral versus Non-Moral Construal Elicits Faster, More Extreme, Universal Evaluations of the Same Actions
No full textVan Bavel, J.J., Packer, D.J., Haas, I.J., & Cunningham, W.A. (2012). The importance of moral construal: moral versus non-moral construal elicits faster, more extreme, universal evaluations of the same actions. PLoS ONE, 7, e48693. 10.1371/journal.pone.0048693.
We conducted three experiments showing that evaluations are also susceptible to the influence of moral versus non-moral construal
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