10 research outputs found
What We Know About Uninsured Motorists and How Well We Know What We Know
No full textThe problem posed by the uninsured motorist is of concern to the general public, policyholders, insurance companies, insurance regulators, and legislators. What is striking, however, is the fragmentary nature of the information that is available and the fact that it is scattered over so many sources. Even more striking is the fact that those sources often provide conflicting estimates, and the methods used in deriving those estimates are either never spelled out or, if they are, their reliability is unknown. In view of the general concern with the problem of uninsured motorists, this paper attempts to present an overview of what we know about the uninsured motorists and how well we know what we know through the following measures: clarifying the subtleties of the definition of an uninsured motorist; discussing the more prominent methods used to estimate the number of uninsured motorists and the properties of the estimates generated by these methods; illustrating what is known about the profiles of uninsured motorists; and pointing briefly to factors that account for the existence of uninsured motorists.
Seismic waves and acoustic waves: from earthquake to music
No full textINGV is currently the largest European scientific institution dealing with Earth Sciences research and real-time
surveillance, early warning, and forecast activities in geophysics and volcanology. The Laboratorio Didattica e
Divulgazione Scientifica of INGV organizes every year rich educational and outreach activities with schools of
different levels and with general public to convey scientific knowledge and to promote research on science and
nature, focusing on volcanic and seismic hazard. The activities encompass a wide variety of formats, such as the
opening of our labs to schools for guided visits, contributing to national (e.g., the Italian “Week of the Scientific
Culture”, launched by the Ministry of Education and Research) and international (e.g., the European “Night of the
Researchers”) events, editing educational videos, creating multimedia tools also available on the Web. Moreover,
we contribute to expositions and science festivals organizing exhibitions with experiments, models, and exhibits
designed to teaching and learning geophysics. Finally, we offer guided visits to the control rooms run by our
Institute, which ensures the round-the-clock volcanic and seismic surveillance of the whole Italian territory.
During the Week of the Scientific Culture and the Night of the Researchers we opened our Institute to the general
public, in order to show our laboratories, to talk about new researches on Earth Sciences and to explain the
volcanic and seismic risk and the related surveillance activities. These initiatives are widely appreciated by the
community and we organized special events with the aim to inspire curiosity toward scientific research, and to
facilitate the approach of the general public to science and nature. The special event of the 2010 programmes
was a scientific-musical format: Seismic waves and acoustic waves, from earthquake to music. The aim of this
project was to involve the public in scientific events offering happening where the scientific language is mediate
through the language of the music. In this way, scientific phenomenon are brought in using emotion, making
easier the understanding of the scientific themes. The format started with short lectures on earthquake and seismic
wave propagation to move on the comparison between the seismic waves and the acoustic waves. We used
seismograms, acoustic instruments, the voice, and the Earth sounds to explain the relation between earthquake
waves and music. The scientific talks were organized to create a trail that, through emotion and curiosity, guides
the public to the discovery and comprehension of the scientific phenomenon. The final part of the event was
devoted to classical/jazz/blues live concerts performed by groups and ensembles, some of them arranged by INGV
researchers. As a general result, thanks to this project we joined science and community, merging the INGV
mission with the public expectation. This scientific-musical format represented an experimental outreach project,
new, stimulating, and appreciated by the audience that can be used as good practice of scientific divulgation.PublishedVienna- Austria5.9. Formazione e informazioneope
Seismic waves and acoustic waves: from earthquake to music
No full textINGV is currently the largest European scientific institution dealing with Earth Sciences research and real-time
surveillance, early warning, and forecast activities in geophysics and volcanology. The Laboratorio Didattica e
Divulgazione Scientifica of INGV organizes every year rich educational and outreach activities with schools of
different levels and with general public to convey scientific knowledge and to promote research on science and
nature, focusing on volcanic and seismic hazard. The activities encompass a wide variety of formats, such as the
opening of our labs to schools for guided visits, contributing to national (e.g., the Italian “Week of the Scientific
Culture”, launched by the Ministry of Education and Research) and international (e.g., the European “Night of the
Researchers”) events, editing educational videos, creating multimedia tools also available on the Web. Moreover,
we contribute to expositions and science festivals organizing exhibitions with experiments, models, and exhibits
designed to teaching and learning geophysics. Finally, we offer guided visits to the control rooms run by our
Institute, which ensures the round-the-clock volcanic and seismic surveillance of the whole Italian territory.
During the Week of the Scientific Culture and the Night of the Researchers we opened our Institute to the general
public, in order to show our laboratories, to talk about new researches on Earth Sciences and to explain the
volcanic and seismic risk and the related surveillance activities. These initiatives are widely appreciated by the
community and we organized special events with the aim to inspire curiosity toward scientific research, and to
facilitate the approach of the general public to science and nature. The special event of the 2010 programmes
was a scientific-musical format: Seismic waves and acoustic waves, from earthquake to music. The aim of this
project was to involve the public in scientific events offering happening where the scientific language is mediate
through the language of the music. In this way, scientific phenomenon are brought in using emotion, making
easier the understanding of the scientific themes. The format started with short lectures on earthquake and seismic
wave propagation to move on the comparison between the seismic waves and the acoustic waves. We used
seismograms, acoustic instruments, the voice, and the Earth sounds to explain the relation between earthquake
waves and music. The scientific talks were organized to create a trail that, through emotion and curiosity, guides
the public to the discovery and comprehension of the scientific phenomenon. The final part of the event was
devoted to classical/jazz/blues live concerts performed by groups and ensembles, some of them arranged by INGV
researchers. As a general result, thanks to this project we joined science and community, merging the INGV
mission with the public expectation. This scientific-musical format represented an experimental outreach project,
new, stimulating, and appreciated by the audience that can be used as good practice of scientific divulgation.PublishedVienna- Austria5.9. Formazione e informazioneope
Recommended from our members
Serologic and Cytokine Signatures in Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Coronavirus Disease 2019
No full textBackground: The serologic and cytokine responses of children hospitalized with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) vs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood. Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study of hospitalized children who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition for MIS-C (n = 118), acute COVID-19 (n = 88), or contemporaneous healthy controls (n = 24). We measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and cytokine concentrations in patients and performed multivariable analysis to determine cytokine signatures associated with MIS-C. We also measured nucleocapsid IgG and convalescent RBD IgG in subsets of patients. Results: Children with MIS-C had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG than children with acute COVID-19 (median, 2783 vs 146; P <.001), and titers correlated with nucleocapsid IgG. For patients with MIS-C, RBD IgG titers declined in convalescence (median, 2783 vs 1135; P =.010) in contrast to patients with COVID-19 (median, 146 vs 4795; P <.001). MIS-C was characterized by transient acute proinflammatory hypercytokinemia, including elevated levels of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IL-17A, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Elevation of at least 3 of these cytokines was associated with significantly increased prevalence of prolonged hospitalization ≥8 days (prevalence ratio, 3.29 [95% CI, 1.17-9.23]). Conclusions: MIS-C was associated with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies and acute hypercytokinemia with IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Regulation of poly-GlcNAc expression and fimbriation in uropathogenic "E. coli"
No full textThe transition of planktonic to sessile lifestyles in bacteria rests upon a tightly controlled program that gets triggered by the environmental composition and whose implementation requires multiple feedback controls. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), the predominant agents of urinary tract infections, use this lifestyle switch to shift from acute to chronic, biofilm associated infections. While the acute phase of infection is dominated by the expression of virulence factors such as type I fimbriae, biofilm matrix components including PGA prevail during biofilm associated infections. In this work, factors reported to induce a lifestyle switch are used in UPECs to investigate their effects on the expression patterns of two output-systems (type I fimbriae and PGA) during lifestyles transition. It was investigated if PGA dependent biofilm formation in UPECs requires derepression of the carbon storage regulator (Csr) system. Furthermore, it was analysed if PGA dependent biofilms respond to the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP or the alarmone ppGpp of the stringent response and if PGA contributes to UTI pathogenesis. Finally, this work aims at clarifying the role of type I fimbriae in PGA dependent attachment and investigates if the expression patterns of the two surface-exposed structures are subject to a regulatory cross-talk
Аденозинзависимая регуляция экспрессии паракринных факторов в моноцитах венозной крови человека
No full textThe flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral blood monocytes separated by a two step density gradient centrifugation is reported. The expression of mRNA level of adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in monocytes were determined using real-time PCR. We found considerable variation across individuals in mRNA expression levels of paracrine factors after the stimulation of adenosine receptors. Our findings suggests the role of adenosinergic system accounted for interindividual differences in monocyte activation.Проведено исследование экспрессии поверхностных маркеров: CD1a, CD14, CD209, а также экспрессии мРНКаденозиновых рецепторов типов А1, А2А, А2В и А3, интерлейкина-6 и -8 (ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-8), фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (vascular endothelial growth factor — VEGF) в моноцитах человека. В данных клетках выявлено наличие широкого спектра индивидуальных различий в аденозинзависимой регуляции экспрессии паракринных факторов (ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8 и VEGF)
Влияние уровней витамина Д у детей на выздоровление от инфекций
No full textThe review of the scientific literature presents current data on vitamin D in children with infections (acute respiratory diseases, pneumonia, otitis, staphylococcal infections of the skin and nasopharynx, sepsis, and others). Studies on the adverse effects of hypovitaminosis D in children on recovery from infections are given. The positive effects of vitamin D incorporation in standard infection therapy in children have been noted.В обзоре научной литературы представлены современные данные о витамине Д у детей при инфекциях (острых респираторных заболеваниях, пневмониях, отитах, стафилококковой инфекции кожи и носоглотки, сепсисе и других). Приведены исследования о неблагоприятном влиянии гиповитаминоза Д у детей на выздоровление от инфекций; отмечены положительные эффекты включения витамина Д в стандартную терапию инфекций у детей
Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
No full textIn parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research and development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.Stambaugh R, 1999, NUCL FUSION, V39, P2391, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-39-12-304; [Anonymous], 2012, PLASMA PHYS; Aumeunier MH, 2011, IEEE T PLASMA SCI, V39, P3014, DOI 10.1109-TPS.2011.2155678; Aumeunier MH, 2012, REV SCI INSTRUM, V83, DOI 10.1063-1.4733532; Bayetti P., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Becoulet M, 2012, NUCL FUSION, V52, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-52-5-054003; Becoulet M., 2013, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Bernard JM, 2013, FUSION ENG DES, V88, P950, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.040; Bucalossi J, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P684, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.01.114; Coatanea M, 2010, IEEE T APPL SUPERCON, V20, P427, DOI 10.1109-TASC.2009.2039705; Coatanea M, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P1418, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.01.105; Colas L, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS330, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.061; Colas L, 2012, PHYS PLASMAS, V19, DOI 10.1063-1.4750046; Corre Y, 2012, NUCL FUSION, V52, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-52-10-103010; Courtois X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Dachicourt R, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS334, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.062; Decker J, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-7-073025; Delpech L, 2011, AIP CONF PROC, V1406, DOI 10.1063-1.3664949; Dodeul L., 2013, FUSION ENG IN PRESS, DOI [10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.015, DOI 10.1016-J.FUSENGDES.2013.01.015]; Duchateau J.L., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Dumont RJ, 2013, NUCL FUSION, V53, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-53-1-013002; Ekedahl A., 2011, P 19 TOP C RF POW PL, V1406, P399; Ekedahl A, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-11-112002; Ferlay F., 2013, FUSION ENG IN PRESS, DOI [10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.044, DOI 10.1016-J.FUSENGDES.2013.01.044]; Firdaouss M, 2009, J NUCL MATER, V390-91, P947, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2009.01.243; Garbet X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Giruzzi G., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Grosman A., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECH LIEG; Gunn JP, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS184, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.055; Hillairet J., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Hillairet J, 2012, FUSION ENG DES, V87, P275, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2012.01.007; Hillairet J, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-12-125010; Hoang GT, 2009, NUCL FUSION, V49, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-49-7-075001; Huysmans GTA, 2009, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V51, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-51-12-124012; Ide S., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Jacquot J., 2012, P 39 EPS C 16 INT C; Joanny M, 2012, REV SCI INSTRUM, V83, DOI 10.1063-1.4731004; Kazarian F, 2009, FUSION ENG DES, V84, P1006, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2009.03.014; Kubic M, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS509, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.105; Lamalle P, 2013, FUSION ENG DES, V88, P517, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2012.11.027; Larroque S., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECHN LIE; Litaudon X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Lotte P, 2010, REV SCI INSTRUM, V81, DOI 10.1063-1.3474653; Lutjens H, 2010, J COMPUT PHYS, V229, P8130, DOI 10.1016-j.jcp.2010.07.013; Missirlian M., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECHN LIE; Monier-Garbet P., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Nardon E, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-3-034002; Nicolas T, 2012, PHYS PLASMAS, V19, DOI 10.1063-1.4766893; Nicollet S, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P1497, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.03.102; PERKINS FW, 1989, NUCL FUSION, V29, P583, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-29-4-004; Peysson Y, 2011, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V53, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-53-12-124028; Pitts RA, 2011, J NUCL MATER, V415, pS957, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2011.01.114; Pitts RA, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS48, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.008; Preynas M, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-2-023001; Reichle R., 2009, P 1 INT C ADV NUCL I, DOI [10.1109-ANIMMA.2009.5503692, DOI 10.1109-ANIMMA.2009.5503692]; Sabot R., 2010, P 37 EPS C PLASM PHY; Saint-Laurent F., 2011, P 38 EPS C STRASB FR; Saint-Laurent F., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Salasca S, 2009, FUSION ENG DES, V84, P1689, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2008.12.088; Saoutic B, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-9-094014; Sarazin Y., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Strugarek A., 2013, PLASMA PHYS IN PRESS; Travere J.M., 2011, P 2 INT C ADV NUCL I, DOI [10.1109-ANIMMA.2011.6172871, DOI 10.1109-ANIMMA.2011.6172871]; Travere J.M., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Zarzoso D, 2013, PHYS REV LETT, V110, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.110.1250020
Diagnostic Prediction Models of Antimicrobial Resistance to Guide Empirical Antibiotic Therapy Selection in Patients with Community-Acquired Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection : A Systematic Literature Review
No full textIntroducción: El uso excesivo de antibióticos de amplio espectro es una causa clave de resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM), asociada a alta morbilidad, mortalidad y costos sanitarios. Los modelos de predicción de RAM, basados en características clínicas del paciente, pueden guiar la terapia empírica y reducir el uso inapropiado de antibióticos. Esta revisión sistemática evaluó modelos de predicción de RAM en pacientes con Infección del Tracto Urinario Sintomática Adquirida en la Comunidad (ISTU-C), analizando calidad del reporte, validez metodológica, predictores, modelos desarrollados y desempeño. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos de PRISMA, CHARMS y TRIPOD-SRMA. Se incluyeron estudios de desarrollo y/o validación de modelos de predicción de RAM en ISTU-C. Se consultaron ocho bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cochrane, entre otras), literatura gris y referencias de estudios. Dos investigadores realizaron selección, extracción y evaluación de calidad mediante TRIPOD y PROBAST. Resultados: De 1089 artículos, se incluyeron 23 estudios. Los desenlaces más comunes fueron BLEE (17.39%), microorganismos multidrogoresistentes (21.74%) y resistencia a betalactámicos, quinolonas, nitrofuranos e inhibidores de folato (47.82%). Los predictores más frecuentes fueron características demográficas (100%), exposición antibiótica (91.30%), comorbilidades (82.60%) y hospitalización previa (72.26%). El 65.22% usó estadística tradicional y 34.78% inteligencia artificial. El 56.52% no reportó manejo de datos faltantes. A pesar de que algunos alcanzaron un desempeño prometedor (AUC-ROC > 0.80), la mayoría se limitaron a validaciones internas. Solo nueve estudios realizaron validación externa. Conclusiones: Aunque prometedores, los modelos enfrentan limitaciones metodológicas. Mejorar la calidad del reporte, estandarizar definiciones de desenlaces y predictores, y validar externamente en poblaciones diversas es clave para su implementación clínica efectiva.Introduction: The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. AMR prediction models based on patient clinical characteristics can guide empirical therapy and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. This systematic review evaluated AMR prediction models in patients with Community-Acquired Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections (C-sUTI), analyzing reporting quality, methodological validity, predictors, developed models, and performance. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA, CHARMS, and TRIPOD-SRMA guidelines. Studies involving the development and/or validation of AMR prediction models in C-sUTI were included. Eight electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cochrane, among others), gray literature, and reference lists of relevant studies were searched. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using TRIPOD and PROBAST. Results: Out of 1,089 articles, 23 studies were included. The most common outcomes were ESBL-producing organisms (17.39%), multidrug-resistant organisms (21.74%), and resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, nitrofurans, and folate inhibitors (47.82%). Frequent predictors included demographics (100%), prior antibiotic exposure (91.30%), comorbidities (82.60%), and previous hospitalization (72.26%). Most models used traditional statistics (65.22%), and some applied artificial intelligence (34.78%). Although some achieved promising performance (AUC-ROC > 0.80), most relied solely on internal validation. Missing data handling was unreported in 56.52% of studies; only nine conducted external validation. Conclusions: Although promising, models face methodological limitations. Enhancing reporting quality, standardizing outcome and predictor definitions, and validating externally across diverse populations are essential for clinical implementation.Modelos de predicción diagnóstica de resistencia antimicrobianaCOL0126131MaestríaMagíster en Microbiologí
