38 research outputs found
Jonctions gap et Insuffisance Rénale Chronique (vers un nouveau rôle des Connexines)
No full textNotre premier objectif a été de déterminer s il existait une modulation de l expression des trois Cx majeures du système vasculaire (Cx37, 40 et 43) dans les stades précoces de l IRC, et si celle-ci était corrélée avec l inflammation rénale. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé trois modèles de néphropathies touchant trois compartiments différents du rein : un modèle inflammatoire vasculaire (RenTg), un modèle inflammatoire glomérulaire (modèle "anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane" : GBM) et enfin un modèle inflammatoire tubulaire (modèle "Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction" : UUO). De façon intéressante, nous avons montré que la Cx37 et la Cx43 sont modulées de manière différentielle. Il existe une balance entre la Cx37/Cx43 et le déséquilibre de cette balance favorise le développement de cette pathologie. Une augmentation de la Cx43 et une diminution de la Cx37 peuvent être des signaux précoces de l IRC. Notre deuxième objectif a été de déterminer le rôle pathologique de l augmentation de la Cx43 dans le processus inflammatoire et la mise en place de la fibrose. Pour cela, l expression anormale de la Cx43 a été inhibée soit par une inhibition génétique (souris Cx43+/-), soit par une inhibition pharmacogénétique par l administration d oligonucléotides antisens pour la Cx43 dans un modèle de néphropathie hypertensive (RenTg) et dans le modèle UUO. Nous avons montré que l inhibition de la Cx43 entraine une protection de la structure rénale en diminuant l inflammation et la fibrose.PARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF
Evaluation of the Fungitest kit by using strains from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: study of azole drug susceptibility
No full textOne hundred eighteen Candida clinical isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients were tested for their susceptibilities to fluconazole and itraconazole by Fungitest and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards MIC method. Fungitest results depended on both yeast species and antifungal agents. This test is able to detect sensitive strains (97 % agreement with results of the MIC method in tests with fluconazole and 84 % agreement in tests with itraconazole) but has a poor capacity to detect resistant strains (26 % agreement in tests with fluconazole and 5 % agreement in tests with itraconazole). Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common fun-gal infection in patients infected with the human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV), occurring in up to 90 % of these patients (6). For several years, OPC has been treated effectively with azole antifungal compounds. Fluconazole (FLCZ), one of the most commonly used azoles, has been found to be orally active, weakly toxic, extremely effective, and well tolerated, and treat-ment with this compound is simple (7). Unfortunately, exten-sive use of the drug for treatment or prophylaxis has led t
Pneumopathies sévères sous idelalisib : ne pas méconnaître la toxicité pulmonaire médicamenteuse
No full text
Comparison of PCR and microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens: clinical trial
No full textPCR technology offers alternatives to conventional diagnosis of Cryptosporidium for both clinical and environmental samples. We compared microscopic examination by a conventional acid-fast staining procedure with a recently developed PCR test that can not only detect Cryptosporidium but is also able to differentiate between what appear to be host-adapted genotypes of the parasite. Examinations were performed on 511 stool specimens referred for screening on the basis of diarrhea. PCR detected a total of 36 positives out of the 511 samples, while routine microscopy detected 29 positives. Additional positives detected by PCR were eventually confirmed to be positive by microscopy. A total of five samples that were positive by routine microscopy at Western Diagnostic Pathology but negative by PCR and by microscopy in our laboratory were treated as false positives. Microscopy therefore exhibited 83.7% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity compared to PCR. PCR was more sensitive and easier to interpret but required more hands-on time to perform and was more expensive than microscopy. PCR, however, was very adaptable to batch analysis, reducing the costs considerably. Bulk buying of reagents and modifications to the procedure would decrease the cost of the PCR test even more. An important advantage of the PCR test, its ability to directly differentiate between different Cryptosporidium genotypes, will assist in determining the source of cryptosporidial outbreaks. Sensitivity, specificity, ability to genotype, ease of use, and adaptability to batch testing make PCR a useful tool for future diagnosis and studies on the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infections
Scedosporium apiospermum Otitis Complicated by a Temporomandibular Arthritis: A Case Report and Mini-Review
No full textInternational audienc
Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals living in Switzerland, Kenya, and the United States.
No full textA total of 22 Cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from Kenya, Switzerland, and the United States were examined at three genetic loci: the 18S ribosomal DNA, HSP-70, and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase genes. Four distinct Cryptosporidium genotypes were identified: (i) the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype, (ii) the C. parvum "cattle" genotype, (iii) Cryptosporidium felis, and (iv) Cryptosporidium meleagridis. This is the first report of C. meleagridis in a human host. These results and those of others indicate that immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to a wide range of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. Future studies are required to understand the full public health significance of Cryptosporidium genotypes and species in immunocompromised hosts
