141 research outputs found
Highly Polar Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Saponaria officinalis L
No full textFive new triterpenoid saponins, including 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (3), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (4), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (5) together with two known congeners, saponariosides A (6) and B (7) were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments, HR-ESI-MS, and acid hydrolysis
Abklärung von Aborten und anderen tiergesundheitlichen Problemen beim Rind im Zusammenhang mit der Blauzungenvirus-Impfung 2009
No full textZusammenfassung
Durch die Verteilung eines Meldebogens unter allen
schweizerischen Nutztierärzten konnten Aborte und
tiergesundheitliche Störungen im Zusammenhang
mit der Impfung gegen die Blauzungenkrankheit
2009 abgeklärt werden. Der Meldebogen diente dazu,
Plausibilität und den zeitlichen Zusammenhang der
Ereignisse zu gewährleisten. Insgesamt konnten 58
Rinderaborte sowie verschiedene tiergesundheitliche
Störungen auf Bestandesebene abgeklärt werden. Da
sich eine Impfung als Abortursache nicht direkt nachweisen
lässt, wurden nachgewiesene Abortursachen
vor und nach der BT-Impfung mittels klinikinternen
Daten miteinander verglichen. Da Abortursachen und
Aufklärungsrate vor und nach den BT-Impfungen
keine abweichenden Ergebnisse zeigten, kann die BTImpfung
selber nicht dafür verantwortlich gemacht
werden. Bestandesdiagnostische Abklärungen verschiedener
Krankheitsbilder liessen erkennen, dass die
BT-Impfung nicht dafür verantwortlich war oder auf
dem Betrieb schon vor den BT-Impfungen Probleme
vorhanden waren. Bestandesprobleme sind ein multifaktorielles
Geschehen, wobei es nicht in jedem Fall
einfach war, den Einfl uss der BT-Impfung auf das beklagte
tiergesundheitliche Problem einzuschätzen.
Schlüsselwörter: BT-Impfung, Aborte, Bestandesprobleme,
Abklärungen
Investigation of abortions and other animal
health problems in relation to vaccination
against Bluetongue virus in 2009
By the distribution of a questionnaire between all
Swiss cattle practitioners it was possible to investigate
abortions and other animal health problems related
to Bluetongue vaccination 2009. The questionnaire
helped to obtain plausibility and timely relation of the
reported disorders. 58 abortions in cattle and different
herd health problems could be examined. Because
there is no possibility to show that a vaccination itself
leads to an abortion the results of proven causes
of abortions prior and after Bluetongue vaccination
were compared regarding their diagnosis. Due to the
fact that diagnosis and solving rate of abortions did
not differ before and after vaccination, the vaccination
itself cannot be responsible for the abortions. Evaluation
of different herd health problems showed that
Bluetongue vaccination was not responsible for these
disorders which often existed already prior to vaccination.
Herd health problems generally have multifactorial
causes what makes it diffi cult to asses the effect of
Bluetongue vaccination in some cases.
Keywords: Bluetongue vaccination, abortions, herd
health problems, investigation
Neospora caninum in sheep: a herd case report.
No full textNeospora caninum was detected by means of PCR in the brain of 4 out of 20 aborted fetuses in a flock of 117 sheep exhibiting a persistent abortion problem, and N. caninum tissue cysts were furthermore found in encephalitic lesions in one of the PCR-positive fetuses. Toxoplasma gondii was detected as aborting agent in another 3 out of 20 fetuses. Antibodies to N. caninum (by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT)) were found in 10.3% of 117 ewes and antibodies for T. gondii were found in 97.4% of 117 ewes. Other organisms associated with abortion were Chlamydia psittaci in three fetuses and Pasteurella multocida in one fetus. This is the first report of N. caninum associated abortion in naturally infected sheep
Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse einer Intervention zur Verbesserung der Eutergesundheit in Schweizer Milchviehbetrieben
No full textDas Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Berechnung der Eutergesundheitskosten in Schweizer Milchviehbetrieben und die Schätzung der ökonomischen Effizienz einer Intervention zur Verbesserung der Eutergesundheit. In 49 Betrieben wurden dafür die Mastitis-Kosten ein Jahr vor und im Jahr während der Intervention auf Herdenebene erhoben und durch die jeweilige Anzahl laktierender Kühe dividiert. Vierundzwanzig Betriebe erhielten zu Beginn der Studie einen Bericht mit Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Eutergesundheit und wurden anschliessend während eines Jahres monatlich durch ihren Bestandestierarzt weiterbetreut. Die übrigen 25 Betriebe erhielten keine Empfehlungen und wurden als negative Kontrollgruppe genutzt. Im ersten Analyse-Jahr (2 Jahre vor der Intervention, 2010) betrugen die Eutergesundheitskosten im Median unabhängig von der Gruppenzuteilung CHF 209.– pro laktierende Kuh. Während des Interventionsjahres (2012) lagen sie bei CHF 191.– für Kontrollbetriebe bzw. CHF 396.– für betreute Betriebe. Die Mehrausgaben während der Intervention beliefen sich für die betreute Gruppe im Median auf CHF 159.– pro laktierende Kuh. Auf nationaler Ebene wurden die Mastitis-Kosten im Jahr 2010 auf CHF 129.4 Millionen/Jahr geschätzt. Mit Hilfe des in der vorliegenden Studie verwendeten Berechnungsmodells kann die Wirtschaftlichkeit zukünftiger Mastitiskontrollprogramme beurteilt werden
The effect of neuropeptide Y on sodium, chloride and potassium transport across the rat distal colon
No full text[Rumenocentesis: a suitable technique for analysis of rumen juice pH in cattle?]
No full textIn the United States, rumenocentesis has been recommended especially for early diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). The objective of the current study was to evaluate health risks due to the technique ofrumenocentesis and to measure pH in ruminal juice using a commercial indicator paper (Pehanon) and a pH electrode (reference method). After 11 dairy cows underwent rumenocentesis, the clinical status of those animals was evaluated daily, and cows were slaughtered as well as pathologically--anatomically examined on day 7. During the observation period, the following pathological clinical signs were evident: forced inspiration (3 cows), transient episode of hyperthermia (2 cows), increased tension of the abdominal wall (8 cows) and positive foreign body tests (3 cows). One cow had to be culled on day 7 because of severe generalised septic peritonitis spreading from the site of rumenocentesis. At slaughter, hematoma formation in the area of the puncture site was found in 9 out of 10 cows. It was concluded that the severe complications encountered with this technique do not legitimate rumenocentesis as a routine procedure for collection of rumen juice samples in cows under Swiss conditions. The correlation between the pH reference method and the commercial indicator paper was the high (r = 0.926)
Genetic Variability of Methane Production and Concentration Measured in the Breath of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cattle
No full textThe genetic architecture of methane (CH4) production remains largely unknown. We aimed to estimate its heritability and to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the identification of candidate genes associated with two phenotypes: CH4 in parts per million/day (CH4 ppm/d) and CH4 in grams/day (CH4 g/d). We studied 483 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows kept on two commercial farms in Poland. Measurements of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations exhaled by cows during milking were obtained using gas analyzers installed in the automated milking system on the farms. Genomic analyses were performed using a single-step BLUP approach. The percentage of genetic variance explained by SNPs was calculated for each SNP separately and then for the windows of neighbouring SNPs. The heritability of CH4 ppm/d ranged from 0 to 0.14, with an average of 0.085. The heritability of CH4 g/d ranged from 0.13 to 0.26, with an average of 0.22. The GWAS detected potential candidate SNPs on BTA 14 which explained ~0.9% of genetic variance for CH4 ppm/d and ~1% of genetic variance for CH4 g/d. All identified SNPs were located in the TRPS1 gene. We showed that methane traits are partially controlled by genes; however, the detected SNPs explained only a small part of genetic variation—implying that both CH4 ppm/d and CH4 g/d are highly polygenic traits
Mastitis-Management in Schweizer Milchviehbetrieben mit Eutergesundheitsproblemen
No full textThe objective of this study was to describe the udder health management in Swiss dairy herds with udder health problems. One hundred dairy herds with a yield-corrected somatic cell count of 200'000 to 300'000 cells/ml during 2010 were selected. Data concerning farm structure, housing system, milking technique, milking procedures, dry-cow and mastitis management were collected during farm visits between September and December 2011. In addition, quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological culturing from cows with a composite somatic cell count ≥ 150'000 cells/ml. The highest quarter level prevalence was 12.3 % for C. bovis. Eighty-two percent of the pipeline milking machines in tie-stalls and 88 % of the milking parlours fulfilled the criteria for the vacuum drop, and only 74 % of the pipeline milking machines met the criteria of the 10-l-water test. Eighty-five percent of the farms changed their milk liners too late. The correct order of teat preparation before cluster attachment was carried out by 37 % of the farmers only. With these results, Swiss dairy farmers and herd health veterinarians can be directed to common mistakes in mastitis management. The data will be used for future information campaigns to improve udder health in Swiss dairy farms.L. Kretzschmar et al., Band 155, Heft 8, August 2013, 453 – 462
DOI
10.1024/0036-7281/
a
000491
Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde
© 2013 Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG, Bern
453
Mastitis-Management in Schweizer Milchviehbetrieben
Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieser Studie war das Eutergesundheits-Manage-
ment in Sc
hweizer Milchviehbetrieben mit Euterge-
sundheitsproblemen zu beschreiben. Dazu wurden
100 Milchviehbetriebe mit einer theoretischen Tank-
zellzahl im Jahr 2010 von 200'000 bis 300'000 Zellen/
ml selektiert. Daten zu Betriebsstruktur, Haltung,
Melktechnik, Melkarbeit, Trockensteh- und Mastitis-
Management wurden während eines Betriebsbesuches
im Zeitraum von September bis Dezember 2011 erho-
ben. Zusätzlich wurden Milchproben von Kühen mit
≥
150'000 Zellen/ml bakteriologisch analysiert. Die
höchste Erregerprävalenz auf Viertelniveau lag mit
12.3 % bei
C. bovis
. Zweiundachtzig Prozent der Rohr-
melkanlagen im Anbindestall und 88 % der Melkstän-
de lagen beim Melkmaschinentest «Vakuumabfall» im
Normbereich und nur 74 % erfüllten den «10-l-Was-
sertest». Der Wechsel der Zitzengummis erfolgte in
85 % der Betriebe zu spät. Nur 37 % der Betriebsleiter
hielten bei der Eutervorbereitung eine korrekte Rei-
henfolge der Arbeitsschritte ein. Mit den vorliegenden
Resultaten sollen Milchproduzenten und Bestandes-
tierärzte auf häufi
ge Managementfehler aufmerksam
gemacht werden. Die Daten dienen als Grundlage für
zukünftige Informationskampagnen, mit dem Ziel die
Eutergesundheit in Schweizer Milchviehbetrieben zu
verbessern
Risk factors for death and unwanted early slaughter in Swiss veal calves kept at a specific animal welfare standard
No full textCalf losses (CL, mortality and unwanted early slaughter) in veal production are of great economic importance and an indicator of welfare. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CL and the causes of death on farms with a specific animal welfare standard (SAW) which exceeds the Swiss statutory regulations. Risk factors for CL were identified based on information about management, housing, feeding, and medication. In total, 74 production cohorts (2783 calves) of 15 farms were investigated. CL was 3.6%, the main causes of death were digestive disorders (52%), followed by respiratory diseases (28%). Factors significantly associated with an increased risk for CL were a higher number of individual daily doses of antibiotics (DDA), insufficient wind deflection in winter, and male gender. For administration of antibiotics to all calves of the cohort, a DDA of 14-21 was associated with a decreased risk for CL compared to a DDA of 7-13 days
[Herd problem: udder health. Retrospective study of farms assessed by the Swiss Bovine Health Service (BHS) from 1999 to 2004]
No full textData from 59 farms with complaints of udder health problems and insufficient quality of delivered milk that had been assessed by the Swiss Bovine Health Service (BHS) between 1999 and 2004 were retrospectively analysed. Data evaluated included farm characteristics such as farm size, herd size, average milk yield, milking system and housing system, deficits of the milking equipment and the milking practices, and bacteriological results of milk samples from all cows in lactation. The average size of the farms assessed by the BHS was larger than the size of the were evaluated, 42 showed obvious failures which the farm managers could have noticed. Only 5 of the 57 milkers carried out their work according to the generally valid guidelines of the National Mastitis Council. More than 2 basic mistakes were observed in the milking practices of 36 milkers. In 51 farms, mixed infections with several problem bacteria (those present in at least 20 % of the tested cows on a farm) were found. Staphylococcus aureus proved to be the most common problem germ. As the bacteria responsible for the herd problem (the sole problem bacteria detectable on a particular farm) Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4 farms. The current study revealed that education in the area of milking techniques and milking practices of farmers should be improved in order to reduce the incidence of udder health problems on herd level. Staphylococcus aureus is the most important problem bacteria involved in herds with udder health problems in Switzerland. Staphylococcus aureus might be used in practice as the indicator germ for early recognition of management problems in dairy farms
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