1,721,054 research outputs found
Thoracopterus Bronn (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii): a gliding fish from the Upper Triassic of Europe
No full text
Metallactus superbiens D. Sassi 2022, n. comb.
No full textMetallactus superbiens (Suffrian, 1866) n. comb. (Figs 7; 17) Scolochrus superbiens Suffrian, 1866: 231. Griburius superbiens Clavareau, 1913: 94 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 640 (catalogue). Types. Suffrian (1866) did not mention the number of specimens under study but stated that no males were available for the study. He reported a single locality (“S. Arem”) for types housed in “Mus. Baly”, at present in BMNH. Three female syntypes were found in BMNH.A lectotype is here designated as follows: lectotype (by present designation): ♀, pinned, // “981” [white label, handwritten] // “66” [white label, handwritten] // “Santarem” [round, white label, handwritten] // “Baly Coll.” [white label, printed] // “Type Suffr Coll Baly” [white label, handwritten] // “Scolochrus superbiens Suffr Amazons ” [white label, handwritten] // “ Griburius superbiens ( Suffrian, 1866) (Sc olochrus superbiens) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus superbiens (Suffrian, 1866) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed] // (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 2 ♀, pinned, // “Santarem” [round, blue label, handwritten // “ Griburius superbiens (Suffrian, 1866) (S colochrus superbiens) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus superbiens (Suffrian, 1866) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed] // (BMNH). Type locality. Santarém (Pará, Brazil). Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Amazon Bates Riv. Tapyos (1, BMNH); Santarem (1, BMNH); Amazon River Parà, 1995.04 Marajó Island (1, DSPC); Natal, Rio Grande do Norte F. Monrós Collection 1959 (2, US-NMNH). FRENCH GUIANA: Gourdonville X.1914 R. Benoist (1, MNHN). Distribution. Brazil, French Guiana (new). Diagnosis. The species was described as belonging to the genus Scolochrus (now Griburius), but the shape of the male genitalia, the morphology of the pronotal process, the ocular distance and the overall outline clearly suggest a transfer to the genus Metallactus. In the studied specimens the pronotal colour pattern is rather uniform (Fig. 7 a-b), except for a male from Marajó Island, in which the longitudinal median stripe is almost obliterated. A similar chromatic arrangement on the pronotum is observed in some specimens of M. geiseri and M. uncinatus, but the light colouration on the elytron is usually more extensive (M. geiseri) or differently arranged (M. uncinatus). The comparison of the aedeagal median lobe enables one to determine specimens of these species without any difficulty. Description of male. BL = 3.3–3.9 mm, BW = 2.0– 2.3 mm, PL = 1.2–1.4 mm, PW = 1.8–2.2 mm. Interocular distance 3.0–5.1 % of BL. Head black with bell-shaped yellow spot on clypeus. Sometimes with small sickle-shaped yellow spot along upper margin of eyes and tiny rounded one at corner of ocular canthus. Labrum brownish. Surface covered with sparse short semi-erect setae and shallow punctation above all on darker patches. Mid-cranial suture fine, barely detectable along vertex and upper part of frons. Ocular lines narrow, strictly adhering to ocular rim, marked by line of punctures that seeps into ocular canthus, whose surface impunctate elsewhere. Ocular canthus deep, acute with few, sparse semi-erect setae. First five antennomeres sublucid, yellowish, 3-5 rod-shaped, the 6-11 totally darkened, dull, flattened and more diffusely setose (Fig. 7h). Pronotum black with two large hooked yellow stripes extending over lateral margins and outer third of anterior margin. Short, linear yellow spot just at center of disc. Transverse crescent-shaped yellow mark along basal margin just in front of scutellum. Pronotal shape tronco-conical, fairly flattened on disc towards base. Lateral margins thin, almost not visible in dorsal view, evenly curved with maximum width just behind middle. Surface shining with scattered, moderately impressed punctation. Posterolateral impressions shallow but detectable. Scutellum black, distinctly raised, finely setose and minutely punctured. Apex truncated in straight line. Elytron black with yellow marking covering inner part of basal margin and extended to periscutellar area. Second crescent-shaped yellow marking on apex. Yellow spot at basal angle, external to humeral callus, extended to epipleuron. In one specimen yellow colour more extensive, and black pattern reduced to small spot on humerus and large angular band on middle part of disc, running from suture to lateral margin. Elytral outline parallel-sided, rather narrow, with sides slightly convergent posteriorly. Elytron disc weakly flattened on posterior part. Lateral margin narrow, in dorsal view barely visible from apex up to midline. Elytral surface weakly shiny, covered with well-impressed punctures arranged in almost regular rows. On lighter area bottom of punctures darker than interval surface. Intervals flat. Postscutellar area mildly raised. Humeral callus prominent, impunctate. Epipleuron smooth, impunctate, rather convex. Pygidium brownish with two linear yellow spots along sides, smooth, matt, covered by sparse shallow minute punctures and appressed setae. Ventral parts of thorax totally dark brownish. Abdominal ventrites dark brown with yellow border along sides. Hypomera shiny, bare, covered with well-impressed punctures on anterior part. Mesoepimera and mesoepisterna polished and bare, impunctate. Rest of ventral surface matt, covered with fine, shallow punctures and short recumbent setae. Prosternal process rather large along basal half, with apparent longitudinal groove, sparsely punctured with, long setae and terminated by blunt, slightly raised, short apex. Legs brownish with lighter distal part of tibiae and tarsi. Apex of mid and posterior femora and anterior coxae with yellow patches. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite shallow but fairly delimited from the rest of ventrite surface, shiny, bare and impunctate. Ventrite posterior margin raised, straight. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 7c–e) cylindrical with expanded, well differentiated, lancet-shaped apex, devoid of real denticle but terminated with sharp tip. In lateral view outline slightly depressed in middle. Setose depressions shallow with few setae short and scattered. Endophallus (Fig. 7f) with sclerite I vaguely sickle-shaped, devoid of clear apical denticle. Dorsal spicule not detectable. Sclerite II small, well pigmented, lengthened. Sclerite III forming rather wide arch. Branches of sclerite IV shorter than sclerite III in folded-up structure, distinctly arched towards ventral direction, slender, with blunt apex and surface smooth. Base of sclerite IV broadened. Female. Habitus in Fig. 7a–b (LT). BL = 4.1 mm, BW = 2.4–2.5 mm, PL = 1.3–1.4 mm, PW = 2.2 mm. Interocular distance 9.8–12.2 % of BL. Females differ in a stouter body and wider interocular distance. In one specimen the yellow colour is more extensive, and the black pattern reduced to a small spot on the humerus and a longitudinal stripe along the midline of the elytron, broadened in the rear half to join the lateral margin. The fifth abdominal ventrite in females has a quite large, rounded, impressed pit. The bottom of the pit is glabrous, matt, finely rugulose. The vasculum of the spermatheca (Fig. 7g) is very unusual in the single available specimen being S-shaped with a corkscrew-like appearance. The proximal lobe is moderately pigmented, slightly swollen. The distal lobe is slender, tapered, with the apex slightly bent downward. The ampulla is fairly pigmented, sitting just at the basal apex of the vasculum, shortly conical. The duct and sperm gland insertions are perceptibly distinct. The duct is long, quite rigid near the vasculum, more slender and more delicate towards the bursa copulatrix, forming loose turns both near the vasculum and in proximity to the bursa copulatrix. The insertion on the bursa copulatrix is robust, conical, strongly pigmented. Remarks. The two specimens (one male and one female) from Natal, in Rio Grande do Norte, differ remarkably in some ways. In particular, the pronotum is mostly yellow with an M-shaped black patch on the disc. The elytron is mostly yellow as well, with two longitudinal black stripes extended from the base to apex, the inner one, larger, in the middle of the elytron, the second one along margin. The suture is narrowly black. Additionally, the median lobe of the aedeagus is slightly more regularly convex in lateral view. Nevertheless, I am inclined to consider the specimens as belonging to this species, at least provisionally, based above all on the overall similarity in the shape of the median lobe.Published as part of Sassi, Davide, 2022, Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 251-282 in Zootaxa 5125 (3) on pages 268-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/644376
Metallactus octoguttatus D. Sassi 2019, n. comb.
No full textMetallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) n. comb. (Figs 12; 29) Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877: 65; Clavareau, 1913: 90 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 640 (catalogue); Agrain et al., 2017: 57 (annotated checklist). Metallactus albopictus Chamorro, 2013: 201, fig. 8; 204, fig. 26 (taxonomic study). Types. Burmeister did not mention the number of specimens under study but two specimens housed in MACN match the original description. The typification has been made as follows, in order to stabilize the epithet. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, not dissected // “ Parana Jan.” [green label, printed] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister 1877 Syntypus ” [red label, handwritten] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877 LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) D. Sassi det. 2019” [white label, printed] // (MACN). PARALECTOTYPE: 1 ex. sex undet. // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister 1877 Syntypus ” [red label, handwritten] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877 PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) D. Sassi det. 2019” [white label, printed] // (MACN). Type locality. Paranà (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Further material examined. ARGENTINA: Saenz Pena Chaco (2, BMNH); Estancia la Noria Rio San Javier Santa Fè G. E. Bryant (14, BMNH); S. Antonio Reimoser (2, NMV); T. N. Formosa Loc. Gran Guardia XI.1953 (2, NHMB); Chaco de Santa Fé Las Garzas borde du rio Las Garzas 20 Km l’O d’Ocampo E. R. Wagner 1903 (1, MNHN); Resistencia Balzan 188[...] (1, MSNG); La Merced Reimoser (1, NMV). PARAGUAY: San Luis Reimoser (1, NMV); Dep. Cordillera, Pirareta 12/ 15.X.2010 S25 29’ W56°56’ Leg. U. Drechsel (1, UDPC). Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay. New to Paraguay. Diagnosis. A Metallactus of small-medium size. It belongs to a subgroup of four species (M. albopictus, M. octoguttatus, M. madefactus and M. abditus) distinguished by a pronotal V-shaped yellow spot just in front of scutellum. Among these species, M. octoguttatus is characterized by the shape of the aedeagal median lobe, the apicoelytral spots generally separated from each other, and the completely yellow clypeus. Also, the median longitudinal spot on the pronotum is generally shorter and stouter than in M. albopictus, particularly in males, while the pronotal lateral spot is more salient along the posterior margin (C-shaped). The species is also more robust than M. albopictus and shows a lighter pronotal punctation, approaching more to M. abditus in these two last characters. M. madefactus can be distinguished for the different shape of the apicoelytral spots and the more extended yellow color on frons. Overall, in the studied material the dorsal color pattern of the four species of this subgroup almost always seems to offer enough information for the diagnosis. However, the chromatic differences might not be adequate dealing with a larger number of specimens. For example, in some of the 14 specimens from Estancia la Noria (BMNH) the yellow elliptical spots tend to expand and coalesce, masking the “typical” habit of M. octoguttatus. Furthermore, a specimen, male, from Formosa has mostly yellowish legs, together with part of the ventral surface. The aedeagal shape could therefore prove to be necessary in many cases for a correct identification. Description of male. Habitus in Fig. 12 a–b (LT). BL = 3.9–4.1 mm, BW = 2.4 mm, PL = 1.3–1.4 mm, PW = 2.2 mm. Interocular distance 12.8–14.6% of BL. Head black with two almost trapezoidal yellow spots along upper section of inner ocular rim, coalescent along midline; clypeus yellow as well. Labrum brownish. Vertex quite dull, almost bare with sparse rather coarse punctures to almost impunctate. Frontoclypeal area with sparse pale setae and quite coarse punctation. Mid-cranial suture short, well impressed so that surrounding surface distinctly swollen. First five antennomeres yellowish, sublucid, the subsequent ones totally darkened, dull and more diffusedly setose. Pronotum black with lateral margin and outer part of anterior and posterior margins covered with a single Cshaped yellow spot; a median V-shaped (almost elliptical in one paratype) yellow spot close to posterior margin just in front to scutellum; a smaller elliptical median one, yellow as well, close to anterior margin. Pronotal shape relatively short-elliptical with lateral margins thin, barely visible from above, regularly curved with maximum width slightly behind the middle. Posterolateral impressions obliterated. Surface moderately lustrous with scattered, feebly impressed punctation, slightly sparser and shallower on disc. Scutellum black, moderately raised, apex truncated in a straight line. Finely setose and minutely punctured. Elytron surface black with four yellow spots lined up along suture. First spot, rounded, beside scutellum; second one, rounded as well to moderately elliptical, at middle; third one, transverse, on apical clivus; fourth one, smaller and roughly rounded, at apex. A further C-shaped, yellow spot surrounding humerous and extended on outer part of anterior margin and epipleuron. Elytral outline parallel-sided to sides slightly convergent posteriorly, only weakly flattened on disc. Postscutellar area very weakly raised. Humeral callus moderately prominent, impunctate. Surface moderately shiny with shallow punctures arranged in irregular rows, perceptible on elytral apex too. Intervals not raised. Pygidium yellow, with a brownish spot on apex, smooth, matt, with sparse, shallow punctures and whitish setae. Inferior parts of thorax totally black to widely yellowish, covered with sparse setae and shallowly punctured. Prosternal process coarsely punctured with long setae, Abdominal ventrites black with large yellow margins to almost completely yellow, shallowly and sparsely punctured, with sparse setae. Legs totally black to largely yellowish on femora and basal section of tibiae. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite shallow, matt and almost bare. Posterior margin of fifth abdominal ventrite perceptibly notched. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 12 c–e) cylindrical, with smooth surface and apex scarcely separated from the rest of aedeagus, short. In lateral view apex faintly bent ventrally. Hairy dents barely impressed, scarcely delimited, bearing rather short, dense setae. Aedeagal ventral surface not swollen in lateral view, devoid of particular structures. Endophallus (Fig. 12 f–g) with sclerite I well sclerotized with denticle strongly developed, blunt, pointing upwards and barely sticking out laterally. Dorsal spicule rather short, pointed and fairly pigmented. Sclerite II long, regularly bent towards base and gradually tapered towards apex. Arch of sclerite III high, fairly projecting upwards, straight, slender. Apex of sclerite III straight, regularly tapered, fairly expanded on its proximal half, so that the sclerite looks like the head of a grebe. Branches of sclerite IV shorter than sclerite III in the folded-up structure, perceptibly curved, with slightly asymmetrical, microdenticulate apex and surface moderately sculptured, consisting of small wrinkles. Female. BL = 4.8–5.3 mm, BW = 2.9–3.4 mm, PL = 1.6–1.8 mm, PW = 2.6–2.9 mm. Interocular distance 14.6–17.0% of BL. Fifth abdominal ventrite in females with quite large, transverse, shallow pit. Bottom of pit bald, matt, impunctate but covered with tiny wrinkles. Vasculum of spermatheca (Fig. 12h) slender, scarcely pigmented with straight proximal branch fairly and asymmetrically swollen at base, long distal branch and long, pointed apex markedly bent downwards. Ampulla fairly pigmented, slightly shifted on dorsal side of vasculum. Duct insertion and sperm gland insertion barely distinct. Duct uniform in size, slender, coiled with coils rather thick, almost regularly arranged. Distal not coiled portion of duct long, completely straight on its terminal section. Insertion on bursa copulatrix lengthened, straight, barely swollen and well pigmented.Published as part of Sassi, Davide, 2019, Revision of the Metallactus hamifer species-group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 201-245 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/376387
PDGF- and TGF-beta-induced changes in cell shape of invertebrate immunocytes: effect of calcium entry blockers
No full textThe cellular activity of hemocytes from the marine mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis was studied using computer-assisted microscopic image analysis. PDGF-AB and TGF-beta 1 caused changes in cellular shape and induced the immunocytes to migrate in a chemotactic manner. The effect of PDGF-AB was more potent than that of TGF-beta 1, and the responses were dose-correlated for PDGF-AB, while they were dose-dependent up to 5 pg/ml for TGF-beta 1. Moreover, the PDGF-AB response was extracellular Ca2+-independent, while TGF-beta 1 was Ca2+-dependent
The supramedullary cells of the teleost Coris julis (L.): A noradrenergic neuronal system
Full text linkThis study, carried out on Coris julis (Labridae), is a contribution to the immunocytochemical characterization of fish supramedullary neurons. The significance of these giant cells has been debated since the beginning of the twentieth century. Our research provides the first evidence for a noradrenergic feature of this neuronal system. The possible role of supramedullary neurons as components of the autonomic nervous system is discussed. Moreover, the present results, taken together with our previous studies, surmise that this the first known case of co-localization of a neuropeptide (gastrin/CCK-like) and noradrenaline in the nervous system of teleosts
Griburius albilabris D. Sassi
No full textGriburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Figs 1b; 2; 12a) Scolochrus albilabris Suffrian, 1852: 111 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 388 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 124 (taxonomic notes). Griburius albilabris: Clavareau, 1913: 88 (catalogue, newly combined); Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (catalogue); Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez, 2021: 90 (catalogue). Scolochrus suturalis Suffrian, 1852: 113 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 389 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59, (as syn. of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 124, (as syn. of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes). Griburius suturalis: Clavareau, 1913: 88 (as syn. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Griburius albilabris suturalis: Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (as subsp. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Syn. restored. Blackwelder (1946) clearly lists and distinguishes between the names that he considers synonyms and those to which he attributes an infrasubspecific rank, using the abbreviation ‘a.’ in the latter case. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the abbreviation ‘v.’ used in the case of G. suturalis is intended to denote the subspecific rank. Being Blackwelder the last author, as far as I could ascertain, to cite this name, it is deemed necessary to formally reaffirm the synonymy already proposed by Jacoby (1880) to clarify the status of this name in the context of a taxonomic work. Scolochrus zonatus Suffrian, 1852: 113 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 389 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 125 (as synonym of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes). Griburius zonatus: Clavareau, 1913: 92 (as distinct species, catalogue); Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez 2021 (as synonym of G. albilabris, catalogue). Griburius albilabris zonatus: Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (as subsp. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Syn. restored. At first Jacoby (1880) confirmed G. zonatus as a distinct taxon with respect to G. albilabris, but he changed his mind afterwards (Jacoby, 1889) and treated it as an infrasubspecific entity. Clavareau (1913) ignored this last opinion and, again, reported G. zonatus as distinct species. In Blackwelder (1946) the taxon is reported as “var.” of G. albilabris. At last, in Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez it is listed as synonym of G. albilabris. Even though the last reasoned opinion was Jacoby’s (Clavareau’s, Blackwelder’s and Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez’s contributions being simple lists of species), a formal statement of restored synonymy is given here to clarify the status of this name in the context of a taxonomic work. Types. Suffrian (1852) did not mention the number of the specimens available for the description of Griburius albilabris, but he reported he examined male and female specimens from Mexico provided “by Sturm and Thorey”. Both of these people were traders (Horn, 1935), so it is difficult to determine the repositoires of the original material. After a careful analysis of the collections visited, the only specimen available having a valid indication of belonging to the type series is a female at the BMNH, bearing a handwritten label by Suffrian. For this reason, this specimen is designated as lectotype of the species. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, // “ Mexico, B. C. albilabris. Mihi.” [white label, handwritten] // “ Scolochrus albilabris. (St) [Sturm?] Suffr.” [white label, handwritten] // “ Mexico Salle Coll.” [white label, printed] // “B.C.A., Col. VI,1. Scolochrus albilabris, Suffr. ” [white label, printed] // “Type” [white label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus albilabris) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // (BMNH). Besides, five specimens in MLUH are probably part of the type series as well, but none of them bears, as the specimen in BMNH does, a handwritten Suffrian’s label or any other indisputable evidence of having been already part of the Suffrian collection before the description of the species. For this reason, although these specimens also include a pair of males, it was prudentially preferred not to choose the lectotype of the species among them. As a consequence, they were treated as simple paralectotypes: 2m 3♀, pinned, // “ albilabris St. m. Mexico.” [green label, handwritten] // “22285”, “22286”, “22287”, “30015”, “27642” [White labels, handwritten] // (MLUH). All these specimens are labelled // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus albilabris) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] //. Regarding Griburius zonatus, two female specimens housed in MNHUB match the information in the original description [“aus Mexico (von Oaxaca; Mus. Berol. Sommer”)] and can be considered as belonging to the type series, even though only one is labelled. The typification is made as follows, in order to stabilize the epithet. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, // “23997” [white label, printed] // “N. Suffr. Oajaca [sic] Sommer” [blue label, handwritten] // “ Griburius zonatus (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus zonatus) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) D. Sassi det. 2015” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). The second specimen, devoid of previous labels, was labelled // “ Griburius zonatus (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus zonatus) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) D. Sassi det. 2015” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). The label information for these two specimens matches the registration data from the old catalogue of the MNHUB (“23997 Metallactus zonatus Suffr. * 2. Oaxaca, Somm.”). Unfortunately, it was not possible to locate specimens of the type series of Griburius suturalis. Therefore, the synonymy with G. albilabris is provisionally confirmed on the basis of previous studies (Jacoby, 1880, 1889) and the information from the original description. Type localities. G. albilabris : “ Mexico ”. G. suturalis: “ Mexico ”. G. zonatus: Oaxaca (Mexico). Additional material examined. COSTA RICA: “ Costa Rica ” 1920 & 1922 (2, MNHN). Alajuela: 8 km S San Ramon 31.V.1980 (13, USNMNH & TAMU & FSCA); 6–8 W Atenas 1.VI.1980 (2, USNMNH & TAMU). Cartago: Turrialba (1, NHMB). Guanacaste: Bebedero Reimoser ((3, NMV); Palo Verde Sta. 29 km WSW Cañas 30.VI– 13.VII.1976 (10, TAMU); 30 km SE Cañas 27.VII.1990 (1, TAMU); Cañas 10.V.1991 (1, ERPC); Finca Jenny 31 km N Liberia VI.1989 (2, BMNH); La Pacifica nr Cañas 22–26.V.1984 (22, ERPC); 3–6 km NW Cañas La Pacifica 2.VI.1980 (1, FSCA); Las Cañas Reimoser (1, NMV); nr. Upala at km 25 24.V.1984 (2, ERPC); Lomas Barbudal Steward Ranch 14.VII.1989 (1, USNMNH); Lomas Barbudal Res. 13.VII.1989 (5, USNMNH); 14 km S Cañas 3– 9.VII.1988 & 7–10.X.1989 & 14–25.VII.1990 & 1–12.VIII.1990 & 2–4.IX.1990 & 23.VI–15.VIII.1991 (13, BYU); 4 mi NW Cañas on Lonchocarpus minimiflorus 7–9.VII.1966 (10, BYU); S Cañas Exp. Sta. 1–8.VIII.1988 (1, BYU); 3 km SE R. Naranjo 1–15.VI.1992 & 15–30.VI.1991 (2, BYU); 6 km E Guayabos 21.VI.1993 (1, MSNG); Tilarán Reimoser (4, NMV). Heredia: La Selva Biol. Sta. 3 km Pto Viejo 17.V.1990 (1, TAMU); 1 km S Pt. Vejo 4.VI.1984 (1, ERPC). Puntarenas: 4–6 km S Santa Elena 4–7.VI.1980 (3, FSCA & TAMU); San Lucas 7.VII.1934 (1, USNMNH). San José: San José (1, ZSM); San José 1160m 1929 (1, USNMNH); Escazú 2–13.V.1988 & 1– 10.VI.1988 & 1–17.VI.1988 & 3–16.VII.1988 & 25–29.VII.1988 (11, BYU); 4 km N Brazilito 5–10.VI.1989 (3, BYU); San Isidro bei S. José E. Reimoser (3, NMV). EL SALVADOR: “El Salvador” (2, MNHUB)¸ La Unión: La Unión 20.VI.1954 (2, USNMNH); Volcán de Conchagua 27.V.1958 (4, CNCI). San Salvador: San Salvador 7.VI.1958 (1, USNMNH); San Salvador 9.VI.1958 (1, CNCI). Sonsonate: Sonzacate 25.VI.1958 (1, CNCI). GUATEMALA: “ Guatemala ” (1, MNHN). Alta Verapaz: San Cristóbal 12.VIII.1978 (1, ZSM). Baja Verapaz: 19–24 km N Salama 25–31.V.1989 (1, FSCA). Chiquimula: 1 km E Ipale 12.VI.1991 (1, TAMU). Guatemala: Guatemala City 26.V.1964 (1, FSCA). Jutiapa: St. 4 mi E Jutiapa 26.VI.1979 (2, ERPC). Suchitepéquez: Finca Moka 11.VI.1967 (1, USNMNH); Patulul 10.VIII.1983 (1, ZSM). Zacapa: San Lorenzo Quarry Road 7 km N Sta Cruz UV light 17.VII.2008 (1, BYU); 12–14 km S Sn Lorenzo 3.VI.1989 (5, TAMU & FSCA). HONDURAS: “Honduras 1978” (2, USNMNH). Atlántida: Tela Jardin Lancetilla 11.VIII.1992 (1, FSCA); Lancetilla Botanical Garden 29.V.1993 (2, FSCA); La Ceiba 23–30.V.1978 (1, USNMNH). Colón: Trujillo 25.VII.1968 (3, FSCA). Comayagua: 3 km S Comayagua 20.V.1995 (1, FSCA). Cortés: El Agua Azul 30.V.1993 (1, FSCA); San Pedro su la Laguna Ticamaya 29.VI.1993 (1, FSCA). El Paraíso: Yuscaran 25.V.1993 (1, FSCA); Yuscaran, 2.VI.1993 & 14.VII.2001 (2, FSCA); 31.5 km W Danli 28.V.1995 (2, FSCA). Francisco Morazán: Zamorano 24.V.1993 & 23.V.2002 & 6.VI.1993 (4, FSCA); 5 km E Zamorano 2.VI.1993 (4, FSCA); Esc. Agr. Pan. Zamorano 2600 ’ 1.VII.1948 (3, USNMNH); San Antonio de Oriente El Zamorano 21.VI.1989 (1, FSCA); 14 mi S Talanga 2800 16.VI.1974 (1, ERPC); 25.5 km SSW Talanga 3.VI.1993 (1, FSCA); Cerro Uyuca 24.V.1993 (1, FSCA); San Antonio de Oriente Uyuca 25.V.1993 (1, FSCA); 30 km E Tegucicalpa 11.VI.1980 & 11.VI.1984 (2, FSCA); Tegucicalpa 30–31.VII.1979 (2, ERPC); Nr. Tegucicalpa 19.VI.1983 1, FSCA); 25 km E Teg [ucicalpa] 21 & 31.V.1980 (2, FSCA); 30 km E Teg [ucicalpa(?)] 30.V.1984 (1, FSCA). MEXICO: “ Mexico ” (4, USNMNH & NMV & NHMB & NHMP); “ Mexico ” D. Ghiliani (12, MSNG). CHIAPAS: “ Chiapas ” VI.1905 (1, USNMNH); Parque Nac. El Sumidero 6.VII.1986 & & 18.VI.1987 & 23.VI.1990 & 17.VI.1990 (5, FSCA & ERPC); Sumidero 4000 ft 8.VII.1955 (5, AMNH); Manos de Imploran Mirrador nr. Chicomen at light 27.VI.1987 (1, TAMU); 8 mi E Rizo de Oro Hwy 190 21–22.VI.1985 (6, FSCA); 1 mi E Cintalapa 22.VI.1985 (3, FSCA); 25 km S Cintalapa 5.VII.1989 (1, ERPC); 29 mi SW Cintalapa 7.VII.1971 (1, ERPC); 25 km SW Cintalapa 11.VII.1971 (1, TAMU); 45 km SW Cintalapa 2500’ 12.VIII.1967 (2, TAMU); 28 mi W Cintalapa 25.VI.1965 (1, TAMU); El Aguacero 22.VI.1990 (1, FSCA); Tuxtla Gutiérrez VIII.1959 (9, USNMNH); Tuxtla de Gut. [Gutiérrez] 26.VII.1987 (2, BYU); Tuxtla Gutiérrez 1800 ft 6–10.VII.1955 (8, AMNH); 33 mi W Tuxtla Gutiérrez 26.V.1983 (1, ERPC); 25 mi E Tuxtla Gutiérrez 22.VII.1964 (1, USNMNH); Cinco Cerros 8.VI.1989 (4, ERPC); La Sepultura 26.VII & 28.VII.1988 (1, ERPC & MSNG); Chorreadero 3.VII.1988 (1, ERPC); Aguacera 16 km W Ocozocautla 28.VI.1986 (2, USNMNH); Hwy 195 4.5 km N Ixtapa 3000’ mercury vapor and blacklight 24.V.1987 (9, ERPC); Quetzalapa 8.VIII.1979 (1, ERPC); Chiapas-Oaxaca border Hwy 190 10.VI.1990 (2, ERPC); Hwy 190 6–7 km SE La Trinitaria 1500m 19.VI.1991 (1, ERPC); 3 mi SE La Trinitaria 18–19.VI.1965 (1, TAMU); 2.3 mi W Las Cruces 13.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); Palenque 24.VI.1987 & 3.VIII.1988 (2, TAMU); 8.5 Km N Mapastepec 7.VII.1991 (1, TAMU); Microondas Villa Morelos 2.VI.1990 (4, TAMU); 1 mi SE Rio Hondo 22.VII.1974 (4, TAMU); Chicoasén Dam Area 10.IX.1988 (1, MSNG); 13 mi N Arrivaca 26.V.1983 (2, BYU). COLIMA: “ Colima ” (1, MNHUB); 2 mi SW Colima 1800’ 9.VIII.1982 (1, ERPC); 7 mi SSE Colima 9.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); 11.3 mi S Colima 20.VII.1984 3, FSCA); 12 mi E Colima 28.VII.1953 (1, AMNH); 11 mi E Colima 19.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 16 km NW Colima 800m 19.VII.1989 (1, BYU); Tecolapa 21.VII.1953 (2, AMNH); 7 mi & 10 mi W Colima 2.VIII.1956 & 1.VIII.1954 (10, AMNH); Armeria 21.VII.1953 (3, AMNH); Tecolopa 31.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 1–6 km E Minatitlán 11.VII.2006 (3, FSCA); 33 km N Manzanillo 11.VII.2006 (1, FSCA). DURANGO: Canelas (3, MNHUB). GUANAJUATO: “ Guanajuato ” (2, NHMP); San Miguel de Allende 12.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH). GUERRERO: Taxco 1800m 1. VI.1981 (1, MNHUB); 9.6 mi SE Taxco 10.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); 6 mi E Tixtla 16.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); 6 mi E Xochipala 3500’ 6.VII.1987 (3, TAMU); 6.2 mi SW Xochipala 13.VII.1985 (1, TAMU); 5.4 mi NE Xochipala 13.VII.1989 (1, TAMU); 8 mi S Iguala 22.VIII.1958 (1, CNCI); 8 mi N Iguala 23.VIII.1958 (1, CNCI); 10.3 mi S Iguala 23.VII.1981 (2, TAMU); 40 km S Iguala 1.VII.1992 (1, NHMB); 39 km W Iguala 18.IX.1989 (1, TAMU); 3 mi S Iguala 10.VII.1966 (1 TAMU); 15 mi S Iguala 10.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 15 mi S Iguala 23.VII.1981 (2, TAMU); 32 mi S Iguala 12.VII.1966 (2, TAMU); 34.6 km SW Iguala 853m Acacia woodland 5.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 11.2 mi N Iguala 4300’ 5.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 49 mi S Iguala 12.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 65 km S Iguala Nuevo Balsas 1500m 12.VI.1997 (2, MSNG); 2 mi E Ocotito 11.VII.1985 (1, TAMU); 2 mi N Cacahuamilpa 19.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 2.1 mi NE Cacahuamilpa 4.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 2.5 mi NE Cacahuamilpa 6.VII.1974 (11, TAMU); Chilpacingo 4000 ’ 19.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); 4 mi E Chilpancingo 15.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 4 mi W Chilpancingo 15.VII.1984 (1 TAMU); 2 mi SE Tecpan de Galeana 14.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 1 mi NE La Laguna 17.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 32 mi SE Petatlan 14.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); Huitzuco 1.VIII.1988 (1, MMPC); Tepetlapa (1, MNHUB); Hwy 200 21 km & 41km & 51 km NE Ixtapa (3, TAMU & FSCA); Hwy 134 25 km & 55 km NE Villa de Zaragoza 14.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); Acahuizotla VI.1993 (1, DSPC); Mezcala 4-5000 ’ 18.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); 2 mi S Mezcala 18.VII.1957 (1, CNCI); 3 km S Mezcala 550m 16.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Hwy 200 51 km NE Ixtapa 18–21.VII.1985 (1, ERPC); Hwy 134 34–36 km NE Jct 200 14–16.VII.1985 (1, USNMNH); Hwy 134 25 km & 55 km NE Villa de Zaragoza 14–16.VII.1985 (2, ERPC & USNMNH); 3 km S Xalitla 610m 1.VII & 16.VII & 17.VII.1992 (8, ERPC); 15 mi W Chichihualco 5000’ 15.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); Acapulco 10.VII.1936 (1, CNCI); Acapulco 26.V.1981 (1, MNHUB). JALISCO: Chamela Vic. ESTC UNAM 9–19.VII.1993 & 10.VIII.1982 (44, TAMU & FSCA & USNMNH & ERPC); Chamela Estcn UNAM 2–3.X.1992 (2, TAMU); Chamela 1–8.X.1985 (1, BYU); Chamela 26.IX.1985 (9, BYU); 6 km N Chamela 15–17.VII.2002 (1, BMNH); Mpio La Huerta Chamela Biol. Stat. UV light trap 26.VII.1996 (5, TAMU); 18 mi N Barro de Navidad 23.VIII.1976 (2, BYU); 8 km N J. Maria Pino Suarez 1.VIII.1991 (3, TAMU); 6.7 mi N Autlan top of Mind rd. 7.VII.1984 (3, TAMU); 5 km S Autlan 16.VII1990 (1, TAMU); 26 km S Autlan 9.VII.2006 (1, FSCA); 0.6 km N Rio Tomatlan hwy 200 1.VIII.1991 (2, TAMU); 7 km N Malacque 16–19.VII.1990 (1, USNMNH); La Quemada 27.VI.1954 (2, AMNH); 1 km E El Cumbre Tomatlan Rd. 26.VII.1993 (3, ERPC); 10 km NE Jalostotitlan 30.VII.1978 (5, TAMU); Unión de Tula 13.VII.1965 (1, TAMU); Vulkan Colima 1918 (34, ZSM); Vulkan Colima (4, NHMB); Barra de Navidad IX.1965 (1, USNMNH); El Tuito Arroyo El Tuito 618m 29.VII.2006 (1, BYU); Ocotes de Moya S Yahualica 1900m 30.VII.1991 (1, MNHUB). MEXICO CITY: San Jeronimo 11.VI.1946 (1, AMNH); Tacubaya (1, CNIABM). STATE OF MEXICO: Santo Tomás de los Plátanos 16.IX.1968 (1, USNMNH); Temascaltepec Bejucos 2000ft VII.1933 (2, BMNH); Tonatico 6.VII.1974 (1, TAMU). MICHOACÁN: 3 mi N Nueva Italia 8.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); 98 km S Nueva Italia 14–16.VII.2006 (9, BYU & FSCA); 28.5 mi S Nueva Italia 9.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); 4 km N Morelos de Infiernillo 15.VII.2006 (1, FSCA); 14.3 km S Uruapan 1370–1465m 29.VII.1988 (1, TAMU); 22 mi NE Arteaga 3000’ 31.VII.1988 (1, TAMU); Tuxpan 27.VII.1988 (2, MNHUB); Lake Pátzcuaro 8.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH). MORELOS: Cacahuamilpa 1495m 2.VII.1992 (5, NHMB); 2 mi N Cacahuamilpa 19.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 3 mi W Yautepec 14–15.VI.1966 at blacklight (1, BYU); 7 mi SSW Yautepec 14.VII.1966 (3, BYU); Cuernavaca (1, MNHUB); Cuernavaca (3, NHMP); Cuernavaca VI.1945 (1, USNMNH); Cuernavaca (1, NHMB); Cuernavaca VII.1991 (1, JBPC); Cuernavaca 1500m 23.VI.1973 (1, USNMNH); Cuernavaca 5000ft 7.VII.1900 (1, USNMNH); 10 mi E Cuernavaca 8.VII.1974 & 30.VII.1976 (1, TAMU); 12 mi E Cuernavaca 4300’ 14.VIII.1954 (3, CNCI); Cañon de Lobos 19 km E Cuernavaca 1220 –1375 m 3.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Cañon de Lobos 1300m 3.VII.1992 (4, NHMP); Cañon de Lobos 12 mi E Cuernavaca 14.VII.1995 (1, USNMNH); Tlaltizapán (2, MNHUB). NAYARIT: 2 km E Punta de Mita 30.VII.1991 & 22–27.VII.1993 (27, TAMU & ERPC); 15 mi SW Compostela 19.VII.1984 (3, FSCA); San Blas 5.VII.1972 (1, FSCA); Bord. Nayarit-Jalisco Puerto Vallarta 28.VIII.1998 (1, DSPC); 13 mi NW Ahuacatlán 25.VII.1959 (1, CNCI); Rosamorada 24.VII.1954 (5, AMNH); 26 mi N Rosamorada 27.VII.1964 (1, AMNH); Acaponeta 4.VIII.1953 (7, AMNH); Compostela 27. VII.1954 (2, AMNH); Tepic 2– 7.VIII.1947 (1, AMNH); 8 mi N Tepic 25.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 20 mi N Tepic 5.VIII.1956 (2, AMNH); 44 mi NW Tepic 30.VIII.1971 (1, BYU); El Cora Tepic (2, MNHUB); 3 km WNW Jala 3800’ 24.VII.1993 (1, ERPC); Vol. Ceboruco 15–16.VII.1993 (2, ERPC); Jesús María VII.1955 (9, USNMNH). OAXACA; 10 mi NE Oaxaca 20. VI.1966 (1, BYU); 14 mi S Matias Romero 23.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); 8 mi N La Ventosa at light 22.VII.1973 (1, TAMU); 8 mi NE El Punto 18.VII.1985 (1, TAMU; 1.5 mi E Tapanatepec 7.VII.1971 (2, TAMU); 2 mi E Tapanatepec 18.VII.1973 (1, TAMU); 16 km E Tapanatepec 12.VI.2009 (3, BYU & FSCA); 5 mi Tapanatepec Hwy 190 21.VI.1985 (12, FSCA); 3 mi NW Huajuapan de Leon 7.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); Tehuantepec 12.VII.1955 (1, AMNH); Tehuant [epec] (1, BMNH); 7 mi W Tehuantepec 2.VII.1972 (1, FSCA); 13 km W Tehuantepec 100’ 11.VIII.1967 (1, TAMU); 11 mi W Tehuantepec 23.VII.1973 (2, TAMU); 1.5 km W Santo Domingo Tehuantepec 140m 13. VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Totolapan 1650m 11.VII.1992 (NHMB); 2.1 mi NW Totolapan 21.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); Chivela 9.VII.1966 (1, USNMNH); 10.5 km WSW Salina Cruz 31m 14.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Jalapa del Marques 24.VII.1974 (1, DSPC); 11.6 mi W Jalapa del Marques 12.VII.1971 (6, TAMU); 14 mi W Niltepec 7.VII.1971 (1, TAMU); 5 mi S Candelaria Loxicha 18–19.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); Mitla 24.V.1988 (1, MSNG); Monte Alban 1700m 10.VII.2000 (1, MSPC). PUEBLA: 17.9 mi E & 2.5 mi W of I. de Matamoros 4.VII. & 5.VII.1992 (3, FSCA); 5 mi SE Izucar de Matamoros 20.VII.1984 (3, TAMU); 11.8 mi NW Izucar del Matamoros 13.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); I. de Matamoros-Cuautla Rd. Route 160 Km 129 24.VII.1997 (1, USNMNH); 32.4 mi SE Acatlan 2.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); Acatlan 4800ft 19.VII.1955 (10, AMNH). SINALOA: Copala Mazatlan-Durango Hwy 19.VIII.1964 (3, TAMU); Mazatlan 22.VII.1957 (1, CNCI); Mazatlan 8.VIII.1970 (1, BYU); 5 mi & 18 mi N Mazatlan 18.VIII.1972 & 24– 30.VII.1964 & 5–7.VIII.1964 & 10.VIII.1963 (26, FSCA & USNMNH); 35 mi S Mazatlan 24.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 46 mi NW Mazatlan 5.IX.1971 (1, BYU); 40 mi & 6 mi S Culiacan 22.VII. & 22.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 20 mi SE Rosario 20.VIII.1964 (1, TAMU); 16 mi N Rosario 3.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH); 4.5 mi N Elota 17.VII.1984 (1, FSCA); 33 mi E Villa Union 24.VIII.1964 (1, CNCI); 6 mi & 21 mi & 27 mi & 30 mi & 33 mi E Villa Union 23.VII.1954 & 27.VII & 25.VII.1964 & (12, AMNH & CNCI); 20 mi E Concordia 800’ 5.VIII.1964 (1, CNCI); 12 mi SE Escuinapa 14.VIII.1965 (1, TAMU). SONORA: Alamos 10.VIII.1952 (1, AMNH); 1 mi W Alamos 16.VII.1964 (1, TAMU); 5 m E Alamos 2.VIII.1973 (2, FSCA); 13 m SE Alamos 30.X.1972 (2, FSCA); Cuba nr Nuri 3.VII.2008 (1, FSCA); San Javier 4.VII.2008 (1, FSCA); Minas Nuevas 7.VIII.1952 (1, AMNH). VERACRUZ: Tierra Blanca, 15.VIII.1962 (2, CNCI); Cordoba 22.X.1963 (1, USNMNH). NICARAGUA: Carazo: Diriamba Finka 13 km SW 9–19.VI.2013 (1, JBPC). Esteli: Ducuali 13.VI.1967 (1, USNMNH). Granada: Las Plazuelas 19.V.2012 (3, ERPC); Domitila 18.V.2012 (4, ERPC); Domitila Wildlife Reserve tropical dry forest 9–14.VI.2007 (1, HNHMB); 122 km S Managua Hwy 2 W shore Lago de Nicaragua 4.VI.1973 (1, USNMNH). León: El Pochote VI.1987 (1, FSCA). South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region [RAAS]: El Prog. 2000’ Hwy 17 entr. to Mrzn. 29.V-Big Corn Island 2.VI.1989 (3, TAMU & USNMNH); Great Corn Isl. 21–28.I.1966 (1, AMNH). VENEZUELA: BOLÍVAR Caicara del Orinoco 1929 (1, USNMNH) (The collection locality of the only studied specimen, reported on the label, is found to be very isolated compared to the overall confirmed distribution range, and might be due to a mistake, for this reason this record is questionable and needs further evidence). Additional data from literature. MEXICO: Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca (Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez, 2021); EL SALVADOR: San Salvador: El Rosario Cuscatlán (Van Roie et al., 2019). Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Venezuela (?). New for Costa Rica, El Salvador. The presence of the species in Venezuela needs confirmation. Diagnosis. At first glance this species is similar to G. lecontii, but differs in having pronotal punctation finer and sparser, in upper lobes of the eyes well separated in males along the median line, in frons mostly black in females, with only a transversal yellow line between ocular canthi. Besides, the mid and posterior legs are usually partly yellow, and the shape of the aedeagal median lobe is completely different (Figs 2; 8). Griburius purpurascens (Suffrian, 1852), not belonging to this species group, is also very similar but differs in pronotal punctuation fine and regularly distributed also on the central part of disc, in the upper lobes of the eyes basically touching in males along the median line. Additionally, in G. purpurascens almost aways in female, and often in males, the sides of pronotum are covered with a thick and evident whitish setosity. Griburius biverrucatus is also similar, but can easily be distinguished by the coarse and dense covering of punctures on pronotal surface. Description of male. BL = 4.3–4.9 mm, BW = 2.7–3.0 mm, PL = 1.6–1.8 mm, PW = 2.4–2.8 mm. Interocular distance 2.0–2.3 % of BL. Head (Fig. 2d) yellow with vertex, longitudinal stripe between upper lobes of eyes, antennal insertion and lower clypeal margin black. Labrum light yellow. Vertex matt, sparsely punctured with fine, recumbent, whitish setae. Surface of frontoclypeal area with coarse, well-impressed punctation and scattered setae. Mid-cranial suture barely detectable between upper lobes of eyes. Up
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Metallactus cultus D. Sassi 2022, n. comb.
No full textMetallactus cultus (Suffrian, 1866) n. comb. (Figs 1; 11) Scolochrus cultus Suffrian, 1866: 233. Griburius cultus Burmeister, 1877: 65 (annotated checklist); Clavareau, 1913: 89 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (catalogue); Agrain et al., 2017: 57 (annotated checklist). Types. Suffrian (1866) did not mention the number of specimens (only females) under study, but he reported Puerto Alegre (leg. Sellow in MNHUB), South Brazil (leg. Beske in coll. Schaum); Paraguay (leg. Vogt in coll. v. Heyden) and Buenos Aires (coll. Haag) as the collection localities. Four syntypes were located in MNHUB and two (coll. V. Heyden and coll. Haag) were found in SDEI.A lectotype is designated as follow: lectotype (by present designation): ♀, pinned, //”biplagiatus N. Porto All. Sell.” [blue label, handwritten] // “24033” [white label, printed] // “cultus (v. Heyd.) Suffr.*” [white label, handwritten] // “Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera) Nr. 24033 Scolochrus cultus Suffrian * Porto Allegre, Sello. Zool. Mus. Berlin” [green label, printed] // “ SYNTYPUS Griburius cultus (Suffrian, 1866) labelled by MNHUB 2013” [red label, printed] // “ Griburius cultus (Suffrian, 1866) (Scolochrus cultus) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus cultus (Suffrian, 1866) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). Paralectotypes: 3♀, pinned, // “Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera) Nr. 24033 Scolochrus cultus Suffrian * Porto Allegre, Sello. Zool. Mus. Berlin” [green label, printed] // “ SYNTYPUS Griburius cultus (Suffrian, 1866) labelled by MNHUB 2013” [red label, printed]; 1♀, pinned, // “70” [white label, handwritten] // “coll. V. Heyden” [white label, printed] // “ Scolochrus cultus Heyd. Suffr. orig. Parag. Voegt.” [white label, handwritten] // “DEI Müncheberg Col—14368” [green label, handwritten] // (SDEI); 1♀, pinned, // “Buen. Ayr Kraatz” [white label, handwritten] // “coll. Haag” [white label, printed] // “ cultus Suffr. ” [white label, handwritten] // “DEI Müncheberg Col—14369” [green label, handwritten] // (SDEI). All paratypes labelled: “ Griburius cultus (Suffrian, 1866) (Scolochrus cultus) PARALECTOTYPES D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus cultus (Suffrian, 1866) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). The information on the original old labels (on the lectotype only) matches the registration data from the old catalogue of the MNHUB (“24033 [Scolochrus] cultus Suffr. * 4. Porto Allegre, Sello”). Type locality. Puerto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Additional material examined. (20 specimens examined altogether). ARGENTINA: Cordoba Fanti Sierra de Cordoba 11.I.1966 Mahunka leg. (1, HNHMB); Misiones San Ignacio Villa Lutecia E. R. Wagner VI-IX.1910 (2, MNHN); Entre Rios Liebig XII.1987 and XII.1989 and XI.1990 and XII.1991 (5, DSPC); Corrientes 32 km E Ituzaingó 20.I.1989 CW & LB O‘Brien & G. Wibmer (2, BYU); Provincia de Buenos Aires Juan B. Daguerre (1, USNMNH). BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre X-XI 1958 K. E. Hüdepohl (2, NHMB); Minas Geraez Caraça 1.II.1885 E. Gounelle (1, MNHN). PARAGUAY: Capiatá II.1995 (DSPC); Paraguarí Prov. 20 km W La Colmena 19-21.2008 (DSPC); 3 km E Ypacaraí 10.X.1968 (BYU); Sapucay WT Foster coll. (1, USNMNH). URUGUAY: “Uruguay” (1, MNHUB); Colonia Piedra de los Indios ca Ruta 21 Km 184,5 10.XI.2010 and 21.XI.2010 and 13.XI.2012 G. J. Wibmer (4, BYU); Colonia Ruta 21 Piedra de los Indios 9.XI.1992 G. J. Wibmer (1, BYU); Rocha Establecimiento Casablanca Ruta 109 15 Km W Rocha 18.XI.2011 G. J. Wibmer (2, BYU); Rocha, old Ruta 9 near Castillos 15.XI.2011 G. J. Wibmer (1, BYU). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay (new). Diagnosis. The species was described as belonging to the genus Scolochrus (now Griburius), but the shape of the male genitalia, the morphology of the pronotal process, the interocular distance and the overall outline clearly suggest a shift to the genus Metallactus. The most common colour pattern in females tends to be rather distinct from those of the other species of the same group due to the subquadrate black marking in the anteromedian part of the pronotum, occasionally divided in two (as in the lectotype), and by the elytral black stripe generally with constant width, or weakly broadened posteriorly, and not reaching the apex. Great variability in the colour pattern makes the determination very uncertain unless males can be examined. Description of male. BL = 4.0– 4.4 mm, BW = 2.3–2.6 mm, PL = 1.4–1.5 mm, PW = 2.0– 2.3 mm. Interocular distance 6.8–7.5 % of BL. Head black with yellow spot covering almost all frontoclypeal area. Roughly circular to subtriangular yellow spot in middle of frons. Labrum blackish at times with lighter borders. Vertex coarsely punctured with few scattered whitish setae. Surface of frontoclypeal area dull, punctuation coarse and scattered, evident; setae sparse, recumbent, whitish, longer on lower part of surface. Mid-cranial suture short, well impressed. Ocular lines narrow, strictly adhering to ocular rim seeping into upper part of ocular canthus, whose surface impunctate elsewhere. Ocular canthus with sparse, long, semi-erect setae. Antennae (Fig. 1h) brownish with antennomeres 2-5 lighter, moderately lengthened. Antennomeres 6-11 dull, stouter, and shorter. Pronotum black, often with yellow lateral margins. Yellow colour on lateral margins at times missing in middle. Sometimes posterior margin narrowly spotted with yellow just in front to scutellum. Pronotal shape roughly elliptical with surface convex, fairly flattened on disc towards base. Lateral margins narrow, regularly curved With maximum width just below midline. Surface moderately shiny with scattered, strongly impressed punctation, denser on sides, sparser on disc. Posterolateral impressions short and weakly impressed to completely obliterated. Scutellum completely black, moderately raised, trapezoidal with apex truncated in straight line. Surface minutely and sparsely punctured, with scarce, very short setae. Elytron yellow with one black median longitudinal stripe ranging from anterior margin to beyond the midline, barely reaching the posterior clivus. Suture narrowly black. In some specimens elytral pattern quite different, having surface extensively black with rectangular yellow spot on humeral surface, and second one, rounded, yellow as well, on apical clivus. Epipleuron totally yellow. Elytral outline with sides straight and slightly convergent posteriorly, very weakly flattened on disc. Lateral margins narrow, not simultaneously visible from above along anterior half. Elytral surface moderately shiny with coarse, close punctation, quite irregularly arranged in rows, more apparent on apical half. On lighter area bottom of punctures only slightly darker than interval surface Intervals flat. Postscutellar area very weakly raised. Humeral callus prominent, impunctate. Epipleuron smooth, impunctate, slightly bulging, with slightly convex surface. Pygidium piceous often with two narrow yellow stripes along sides, matt, covered by sparse coarse punctures and long, appressed, pale setae. Ventral parts of thorax totally black. Abdominal ventrites blackish, often very narrowly yellow along sides. Hypomera, mesoepimera and mesoepisterna almost bare, shiny, with few scattered punctures. Rest of ventral surface matt, covered with thick, short, regularly distributed setae and shallow punctures. Prosternal process with sides mildly curved at middle, then converging in short, slightly raised, subtriangular apex, surface almost plane onward, more clearly depressed along median section of apical half, with thick, long, semi-erect setae. Legs totally black to blackish with lighter patches on femora and tibia. Anterior coxae often yellowish. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite large, shallow but well delimited from rest of ventrite surface, shiny, bare and impunctate. Ventrite posterior margin raised, largely notched. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 1c–e) laterally compressed with large, flat apex well differentiated from shaft, terminated by short, rounded median denticle. In lateral view apex almost straight. Ventral outline markedly convex but strongly notched in middle. Setose depressions deeply impressed, ear-shaped, separated by deep depression and wide, blunt median carina. Setae short and scattered, mostly visible on the external surface of the wall laterally delimiting setose depressions. Endophallus (Fig. 1f) with sclerite I basically reduced to pigmented, scarcely sclerotized fold of the membranous apparatus, flattened on top and terminated with large, blunt denticle. Dorsal spicule not detectable. Sclerite II small, strongly pigmented with tiny process upward directed. Sclerite III robust, sickle shaped with short, triangular apex. Branches of sclerite IV shorter than sclerite III in folded-up structure, distinctly arched towards ventral direction with blunt apex and surface smooth. Female. Habitus in Fig. 1 a-b (PLT). BL = 4.5–4.8 mm, BW = 2.8–2.9 mm, PL = 1.4–1.6 mm, PW = 2.4–2.5 mm. Interocular distance 12.5–13.3 % of BL. Females differ in chromatic pattern having a pronotum that is often mostly yellow with a subquadrate black spot reaching the anterior margin. For some specimens, including the figured paralectotype (Fig. 1), such a black spot is longitudinally split into two halves. The yellow spot of the frontoclypeal area is smaller and rounded rather than roughly triangular. The head is black with a roughly circular to subtriangular yellow spot just in the middle of the frons. Lighter colour is usually more extensive on the elytron, and the more common pattern (as far as the available information allows to guess) shows the surface mostly yellow with one black median longitudinal stripe extended from anterior margin to beyond midline, barely reaching the posterior clivus. In a single female, the black pattern extends over the entire surface with the exception of one yellow spot on the humeral area and a second one at the apex. This specimen, coming from Entre Rios, also differs in the shape of vasculum, being stouter and less S-shaped. At present it is impossible to attribute any taxonomic significance to these differences. The fifth abdominal ventrite in females has a quite large and deep pit. The bottom of the pit glabrous, matt, impunctate but covered by tiny wrinkles. The vasculum of the spermatheca (Fig. 1g) is moderately pigmented, in particular over the basal section, S-shaped with twisted, slightly swollen proximal lobe. The distal lobe is rather short, slender, tapered with an acute apex slightly bent downwards. The ampulla is not pigmented, short, sitting just at basal apex of vasculum. The duct and sperm gland insertions are perceptibly distinct. The duct is uniform in size, robust, quite rigid, not really coiled but wavy, meandering beside the vasculum, then almost straight. The insertion on the bursa copulatrix is well pigmented, conical. In a specimen from Capiatá (Paraguay) the distal lobe of the vasculum is remarkably shorter and tapered to an acute apex. The vasculum and ampulla are perceptibly more pigmented. At present it is impossible to give a taxonomic value to this outlier.Published as part of Sassi, Davide, 2022, Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 251-282 in Zootaxa 5125 (3) on pages 255-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/644376
- …
