97 research outputs found
Artists-Museums Collaborations: Current Research and Future Trends in Ancient Drama Studies
No full textAbstractThe paper presents a current case of art based research that draws on museum exhibits, namely ancient Greek drama masks. The author, artist Magda Roussi, discusses the way in which museum artifacts are transformed via research into art work that enhances and diffuses new knowledge about Ancient Greek drama (in particular about ways concerned with the creation and use of masks and costumes in ancient drama, that is contributing in the revival of knowledge about these issues). The paper focuses on examples of masks and costumes that were created as a result of this process, tracing the transformation of museum artifacts into scholarly research via the mediation of art based research and practice. The paper draws on parts of work already presented at the Canadian Institute in Greece following an invitation to the artist to give a public lecture
Le chimiste Z. Roussin : chimie - physiologie - expertises médico-légales
No full textPublié par Mme Z. Roussin. - Contient des fragments d'écrits de Z. Roussi
Epidemiological evidence for the non-random clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome: multicentre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes.
No full textLE FOIE DE PORC ISOLE EN PERFUSION ALLOGENIQUE: PERSPECTIVES D’UNE ASSISTANCE CONTINUE ET PROLONGEE DES INSUFFISANCES HEPATIQUES
No full text
Synthèse d'hybrides vinblastine-phomopsine.
No full textLa tubuline est une protéine essentielle de la cellule. En polymérisant sous forme de microtubules, elle crée notamment le fuseau mitotique le long duquel migrent les chromosomes pendant la mitose. Les médicaments qui inhibent la polymérisation et/ou la dépolymérisation de la tubuline sont des composés majeurs de la thérapie anticancéreuse. Les vinca-alcaloïdes en sont des représentants importants. Ils induisent la mort des cellules par apoptose, en inhibant la dynamique des microtubules. D autres molécules d origine naturelle, comme la phomopsine A, se fixent sur la tubuline à proximité ou dans le même site de fixation que celui des vinca-alcaloïdes. C est la raison pour laquelle nous avons envisagé d élaborer des composés antimitotiques hybrides entre la vinblastine et la phomopsine A. Dans ce contexte, deux séries de composés ont été conçues. La première série d hybrides correspondant à des dérivés de l anhydrovinblastine fonctionnalisés en position 7 . Cependant, aucune des trois stratégies étudiées n a permis d accéder à ces composés. La deuxième série d hybrides, dérivés de la 7 -homo-anhydrovinblastine a pu être synthétisée grâce à une réaction originale d insertion d acétylènes activés au niveau du pont gramine de la vinorelbine, suivie d une réduction avec un contrôle totale de la régio- et stéréoselectivité. Dans un premier temps, les réactions d insertion et de réduction ont été mise au point. Ensuite, deux familles d hybrides portant la chaîne latérale de l octahydrophomopsine en position 8 ou 7 ont été synthétisés. La plupart des composés ainsi obtenus possédent une excellente activité sur la tubuline et sont très cytotoxique.Tubulin plays a key role in many cellular functions, like cell division. Microtubules, resulting from its polymerisation, form the mitotic spindle along which chromosomes migrate during mitosis. Tubulin-binding molecules are one of the most important classes of anti-cancer agents with major drugs already on the market and many promising compounds in clinical trials. Vinca-alkaloids are one of these antimitotic drugs inhibiting microtubules dynamics. It was shown that the vinca binding site partially overlaps with that of others natural products, like phomopsin A. In order to explore the vinca domain and to elaborate new acute derivatives, we have elaborated antimitotic vinblastine-phomopsin hybrids. We were interested in the synthesis of two series of hybrids. The first, corresponding to 7 -anhydrovinblastine derivatives could not be obtained. None of the three studied strategies lead to desired compounds. The second series of hybrids, corresponding to functionnalized 7 -homo-anhydrovinblastine derivatives, could be synthetised by an original and regioselective insertion reaction, followed by a stereoselective reduction. Firstly, the isertion reaction was studied using different activated acetylenes. Then, two different families of hybrids were obtained, thanks to the selective insertion of the octahydrophomopsin lateral chain in position 8 or 7 . Almost all the compounds were highly active on tubulin and very cytotoxic.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Etude de la signalisation cellulaire de l'apoptose induite par le 7b-hydroxysitosterol et le 7b-hydroxycholesterol dans les cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines
No full textIl est reconnu que la consommation des légumes peut contribuer à la diminution de risque du développement du cancer colorectal. Les hydroxyphytostérols sont issus de végétaux et ils ont des similitudes structurales avec les oxydes du cholestérol. Des formes oxydées du cholestérol et des phytostérols sont présentes dans l alimentation et pourraient avoir des conséquences physiopathologiques encore mal connues. Le 7 -OHsitostérol (7 -OHsito) et le 7 -OHcholestérol (7 -OHchol) sont les oxydes les plus répandus. Ce travail de thèse a consisté à comparer l'activité de ces deux molécules sur les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la croissance des cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines, Caco-2. Les cellules Caco-2 ne présentent pas la même sensibilité pour les deux hydroxystérols. Nous observons 50% d'inhibition de croissance à 60 M pour le 7 -OHsito et à 30 M pour le 7 -OHchol. Ils induisent l apoptose en perturbant les membranes mitochondriales et lysosomiales. Le 7 -OHsito déclenche une apoptose caspases-dépendante alors que le 7 -OHchol active une apoptose caspases-indépendante associée à une production du stress oxydatif. Les deux processus sont indépendants de l expression des protéines Bcl-2 et Bax. Nous avons également étudié l impact de ces molécules sur le métabolisme des polyamines qui est fortement activé au cours de la cancérogenèse colique. Les enzymes de la biosynthèse des polyamines sont inhibées alors que le catabolisme est activé par les deux hydroxystérols. Seule la perturbation du métabolisme des polyamines provoquée par le 7 -OHchol pourrait être liée à l apoptose. La perturbation du métabolisme par le 7 -OHsito pourrait être associée à l apoptose sans l influencer. Les deux hydroxystérols inhibent la croissance des cellules Caco-2 via l'activation de voies apoptotiques différentes malgré leur similitude structurale. Les différences dans les mécanismes d action des deux hydroxystérols pourraient être liées à leur degré d hydrophobicité.Today, it is well recognized that consumption of fruits and vegetables may contribute to the reduction of colon carcinogenesis. The phytosterols oxides are present in plants and they present structural similarities with cholesterol oxides. Cholesterol and phytosterols oxides have unknown physiopathologic properties. The 7 -hydroxysitosterol (7 -OHsito) and the 7 -hydroxycholesterol (7 -OHchol) are the most widespread oxides. Our study was aimed to compare the biological activity of both compounds on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of human colon cancer cell death. Our results have shown that the colon cancer Caco-2 cells did not exhibit the same sensibility towards hydroxysterols. In fact, we observed a 50% growth inhibition in the presence of 7 -OHsito at 60 M and 7 -OHchol at 30 M. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membrane integrity were observed in the presence of both compounds. The 7 -OHsito induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis whereas, the 7 -OHchol induced a caspase-independent apoptosis associated with oxidative stress production. All processes were independent of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. We also studied the impact of both compounds on polyamine metabolism which is highly activated during colon carcinogenesis. Our data showed that two key enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are inhibited, whereas polyamine catabolism was enhanced by both hydroxysterols. These data indicate that polyamine metabolic perturbations triggered only by 7 -OHchol are related to apoptotic cell death. In return, polyamine metabolism perturbations induced by 7 -OHsito seem to be associated to apoptosis initiation of apoptosis without affecting it directly. In conclusion, both hydroxysterols inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) via different apoptotic pathways in spite of their structural similarities. The two hydroxysterols exhibit different lipophilic properties which may explain their different biological effects.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Dietary fat intake as a risk factor for the development of diabetes. Multinational, multicenter study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGDS)
No full textIn the context of the Multinational MGSD Nutrition Study, three groups of subjects were studied: 204 subjects with recently diagnosed diabetes(RDM),42subjectswithundiagnoseddiabetes(UDM)(AmericanDiabetesAssociation criteria—fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 126 mg/dl), and 55 subjects with impaired fasting glucose(IFG)(FPG 110and126mg/dl).Eachgroupwascomparedwithacontrolgroupof nondiabetic subjects, matched one by one for center, sex, age, and BMI. Nutritional habits were evaluated by a dietary history method, validated against the 3-day diet diary. In RDM, the questionnaire referred to the nutritional habits before the diagnosis of diabetes. Demographic data were collected, and anthropometrical and biochemical measurements were taken. RESULTS— Compared with control subjects, RDM more frequently had a family history of diabetes(49.0vs.14.2%;P0.001),exercisedless(exerciseindex53.5vs.64.4;P0.01),and more frequently had sedentary professions (47.5 vs. 27.4%; P 0.001). Carbohydrates contributed less to their energy intake (53.5 vs. 55.1%; P 0.05), whereas total fat (30.2 0.5 vs. 27.8 0.5%; P 0.001) and animal fat (12.2 0.3 vs. 10.8 0.3%; P 0.01) contributed moreandtheplant-to-animalfatratiowaslower(1.50.1vs.1.80.1;P0.01).UDMmore frequentlyhadafamilyhistoryofdiabetes(38.1vs.19.0%;P0.05)andsedentaryprofessions (58.5vs.34.1%;P0.05),carbohydratescontributedlesstotheirenergyintake(47.61.7vs. 52.81.4%;P0.05),totalfat(34.71.5vs.30.41.2%;P0.05)andanimalfat(14.2 0.9 vs. 10.6 0.7%; P 0.05) contributed more, and the plant-to-animal fat ratio was lower (1.6 0.2 vs. 2.3 0.4; P 0.05). IFG differed only in the prevalence of family history of diabetes (32.7 vs. 16.4%; P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS— Our data support the view that increased animal fat intake is associated with the presence of diabetes
Nutritional habits of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mediterranean basin: comparison with the non-diabetic population and the dietary recommendations. Multi-centre study of the Mediterranean group for the study of Diabetes (MGSD)
No full textAims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to compare
the nutritional habits of Type 2 diabetic patients
among Mediterranean countries and also with those of
their background population and with the nutritional
recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study
Group.
Methods. We did a cross-sectional study of 1833 nondiabetic
subjects and 1895 patients with Type 2 diabetes, in nine centres in six Mediterranean countries. A dietary questionnaire validated against the 3-Day Diet Diary was used.
Results. In diabetic patients the contribution of proteins,
carbohydrates and fat to the energy intake varied
greatly among centres, ranging from 17.6% to 21.0%
for protein, from 37.7% to 53.0% for carbohydrates
and from 27.2% to 40.8% for fat, following in every
centre the trends of the non-diabetic population. Furthermore, diabetic patients compared to the corresponding
background population had: (i) lower energy intake, (ii) lower carbohydrate and higher protein contribution to the energy intake, (iii) higher prevalence of obesity, ranging from 9 to 50%. The adherence to the nutritional recommendations for proteins, carbohydrate and fat was very low ranging from 1.4 to 23.6%, and still decreased when fibre was also considered.
Conclusion/interpretation. In diabetic patients of the
Mediterranean area: (i) dietary habits vary greatly
among countries, according to the same trends of the
background population; (ii) the prevalence of obesity
is much lower than the 80% reported for patients with
diabetes in Western countries; (iii) Carbohydrate intake
is decreased with a complementary increase of protein and fat consumption, resulting to a poor compliance with the nutritional recommendations
Nutritional habits in the Mediterranean Basin. The macronutrient composition of the diet and its relation with the traditional Mediterranean diet. Multi-centre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGDS)
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