1,721,943 research outputs found
Interactive mixed reality widgets for precise dexterity of tool manipulation to enhance surgical procedures in Industry 4.0 realm
No full textLe procedure mediche complesse, in particolare quelle che coinvolgono interventi chirurgici, richiedono una precisione eccezionale nella manipolazione degli strumenti spaziali a 6DOF (Sei Gradi di Libertà), dove anche errori minimi possono causare danni irreversibili o risultati indesiderati. In questo contesto, l’allineamento preciso degli strumenti è cruciale, sia nelle chirurgie minimamente invasive che in procedure delicate come l'implantologia dentale. La tecnologia della Realtà Mista (MR) è emersa come uno strumento promettente per affrontare queste sfide, fornendo ai chirurghi una guida spazialmente accurata in tempo reale attraverso risorse visive conosciute come widget. Questi widget MR hanno il potenziale di supportare i chirurghi sovrapponendo informazioni utili direttamente sull'ambiente fisico, permettendo loro di eseguire compiti complessi con maggiore precisione. Tuttavia, nonostante i progressi nella tecnologia MR, gli approcci attuali rimangono prevalentemente statici o quasi statici, portando a errori persistenti a causa della mancanza di soluzioni adattive e dinamiche. Inoltre, l'assenza di linee guida standardizzate per la progettazione dei widget e la scarsa enfasi sulle considerazioni relative all'interfaccia utente (UI) nei sistemi MR esacerbano i problemi di usabilità, aumentando il carico cognitivo e fisico per i chirurghi e, in ultima analisi, compromettendo le prestazioni e i risultati.
Questa tesi affronta queste sfide attraverso un'indagine sistematica che impiega metodologie sperimentali, comprese indagini con chirurghi e esperti del settore, per valutare e ottimizzare soluzioni innovative basate sulla MR. Una revisione completa della letteratura evidenzia significative lacune nei sistemi MR esistenti, come la progettazione inadeguata dei widget, l'usabilità subottimale, l'alto carico cognitivo e la limitata adattabilità nei contesti chirurgici in tempo reale, in particolare in odontoiatria. Un contributo chiave di questo lavoro è il miglioramento della comprensione del design dell'interfaccia utente centrato sull'utente per i sistemi di guida precisione strumento-obiettivo. Questa ricerca sottolinea l'importanza di affrontare sfide persistenti come il disordine visivo, l'occlusione e l'inclusività, assicurandosi che i widget soddisfino le diverse esigenze degli utenti, inclusi quelli con disabilità visive o capacità cognitive variabili.
Sfruttando queste intuizioni, questa tesi introduce widget interattivi che integrano principi di percezione cognitiva, in particolare quelli derivati dalla teoria della Gestalt. Applicando principi della Gestalt come la prossimità, la continuità e l'organizzazione figura-sfondo, la ricerca si concentra sull'ottimizzazione del design visivo e sull'incorporazione di meccanismi di feedback sugli errori in tempo reale che rispondano alle azioni dell'utente. Il risultato è un set di widget interattivi che migliorano significativamente la precisione posizionale e angolare degli strumenti, gestendo efficacemente il carico cognitivo e il tempo di completamento dei compiti.
I risultati dimostrano che i widget proposti superano i design tradizionali e statici in termini di precisione, efficienza e usabilità. Questi widget migliorano l'accuratezza nella manipolazione degli strumenti, semplificano i processi cognitivi coinvolti nelle procedure ad alto rischio, riducono i tempi di completamento dei compiti e migliorano la preferenza dell'utente. Inoltre, la natura modulare e adattabile di questi design si estende oltre le applicazioni mediche, offrendo soluzioni preziose per settori che richiedono alta precisione e sicurezza, come la produzione, la manutenzione e l'assemblaggio.
Inoltre, questa ricerca presenta un framework di valutazione flessibile e open-source per la progettazione dei widget MR, promuovendo metodologie di test standardizzate e favorendo una maggiore collaborazione all'interno della comunità scientifica. Questo framework facilita lo sviluppo e la valutazione coerente dei sistemi MR, garantendo affidabilità e applicabilità trasversale ai vari settori. Guardando al futuro, questa ricerca esplora diverse direzioni per migliorare la progettazione dei widget MR, tra cui l'integrazione di sistemi di feedback tattili e uditivi per aumentare la fedeltà dell'interazione, lo sviluppo di interfacce utente adattive e personalizzate su misura per le esigenze individuali degli utenti e l'istituzione di linee guida progettuali standardizzate per incoraggiare l'innovazione e la coerenza tra i vari settori. L'obiettivo è aprire la strada a risultati più sicuri, efficienti e precisi nelle procedure e nei sistemi assistiti dalla MR, fornendo una base per i continui progressi negli strumenti di precisione basati sulla MR.Complex medical procedures, particularly those involving surgery, demand exceptional precision in spatial 6DOF (Six Degrees of Freedom) tool manipulation, where even minor errors can result in irreversible damage or undesirable outcomes. In this context, precise tool alignment is crucial,
whether in minimally invasive surgeries or delicate procedures such as dental implantology. Mixed Reality (MR) technology has emerged as a promising tool for addressing these challenges by providing surgeons with real-time, spatially accurate guidance through visual assets known as widgets. These MR widgets have the potential to support surgeons by superimposing helpful information directly onto the physical environment, enabling them to perform complex tasks with higher precision. However, despite the advancements in MR technology, current approaches remain predominantly static or quasi-static, leading to persistent errors due to a lack of adaptive and dynamic solutions. Additionally, the absence of standardized guidelines for widget design and
the underemphasis of user interface (UI) considerations in MR systems exacerbate usability issues, leading to increased cognitive and physical task loads for surgeons and ultimately detracting from performance and outcomes.
This thesis addresses these challenges through a systematic investigation that employs experimental methodologies, including user studies with surgeons and domain experts, to evaluate and optimize innovative MR-based solutions. A comprehensive literature review reveals significant gaps in existing MR systems, such as inadequate widget design, suboptimal usability, high cognitive task demands, and limited adaptability in real-time surgical contexts, particularly in dentistry. A key contribution of this work is advancing the understanding of user-centered UI design for precision tool-to-target guidance systems. This research highlights the importance of addressing persistent challenges such as visual clutter, occlusion, and inclusivity, ensuring that
widgets cater to diverse user needs, including those with visual impairments or varying cognitive capabilities.
Building on these insights, this thesis introduces interactive widgets that integrate principles of cognitive perception, particularly those derived from Gestalt theory. By applying Gestalt principles such as proximity, continuity, and figure-ground organization, the research focuses on optimizing visual design and incorporating real-time error feedback mechanisms that respond to user actions. The result is a set of interactive widgets that significantly enhance the positional and angular precision of the tools while managing cognitive load and task completion time effectively.
The findings demonstrate that the proposed widgets outperform traditional, static designs in terms of precision, efficiency, and usability. These widgets improve tool manipulation accuracy, streamline cognitive processes involved in high-stakes procedures, reduce task completion times, and enhance user preference. Moreover, these designs’ modular and adaptable nature extends beyond medical applications, offering valuable solutions for industries requiring high precision and safety, such as manufacturing, maintenance, and assembly.
Furthermore, this research presents a flexible, open-source evaluation framework for MR widget design, promoting standardized testing methodologies and fostering greater collaboration within the scientific community. This framework facilitates consistent development and assessment of MR systems, ensuring reliability and cross-domain applicability.
Looking to the future, this research explores several directions for enhancing MR widget design, including integrating haptic and auditory feedback systems to increase interaction fidelity, developing adaptive and personalized user interfaces tailored to individual user needs, and establishing standardized design guidelines to encourage innovation and consistency across industries. The aim is to pave the way for safer, more efficient, and precise outcomes in MRassisted procedures and systems, providing a foundation for continued advancements in MR-based precision tools
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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