20 research outputs found
Arthrodiastasis in the management of stiff hip
No full textArthrodiastasis (using external fixator and distraction) has been used for various pathologies including deformity correction/stiff hip/slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Historically this has been used for treatment of Perthes disease. The purpose of our study is to evaluate efficacy of arthrodiastasis in management of stiff hip. A 15 year old boy with stiff hip presented with complaints of pain in the left hip for past 6 months. Radiologically the left proximal femur was found to be deformed with metaphyseal widening, sclerosis and arthritic changes. Hip spanning external fixator using limb reconstruction system was done. Distraction was done at a rate of 1 mm/day. After 2 months, fixator was removed. Hip was mobilized under anaesthesia. Good range of all movements was achieved. Arthrodiastasis seems to be a good option in young adolescent in whom total hip replacement needs to be delayed as much as possible
Functional analysis of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with medial calcar augmentation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly
No full text<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Intertrochanteric fracture is one of the most common fractures among the elderly osteoporotic population</span><span lang="FR">, constituting about 50% of hip fractures. These fractures are managed either by fixation using dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femur nail (PFN) or by replacement, based on the stability of fracture pattern, age of the patient, quality of bone and associated co-morbid conditions. Prosthetic replacement which is routinely done for femoral neck fractures requires modification when done for trochanteric fractures to improve stability. This study aims to analyse the short term functional outcome of </span><span lang="EN-IN">cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with medial calcar augmentation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Our study includes 60 patients of age more than 70 years admitted in our institution during June 2012 to September 2016 with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. All patients operated through posterior approach to hip and cemented hemiarthroplasty with medial calcar augmentation with bone graft was done. Patients were followed up for an average of period of 2 years. Functional outcome was evaluated with Harris Hip score</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">28%<strong> </strong>of<strong> </strong>cases had excellent outcome. 43% of cases had good and 23% of cases had fair outcome. 2% of cases ended with poor outcome. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.3%. The survival rate of the patients in this study at the end of one year is 85%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with medial calcar augumentation can be considered as a good primary option for elderly unstable intertrochanteric fracture patients with osteoporotic bones and associated co-morbidities.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p></jats:p
Diacylglycerol Oil Reduces Body Fat but Does Not Alter Energy or Lipid Metabolism in Overweight, Hypertriglyceridemic Women
No full textDiacylglycerol (DAG) may undergo differential metabolism compared with triacylglycerol (TAG) in humans, possibly resulting in decreased serum TAG concentration and TAG synthesis and increased energy expenditure (EE), thus reducing fat accumulation. Our objective was to examine the efficacy of DAG oil (Enova oil) consumption on serum lipid profiles, hepatic lipogenesis, EE, and body weight and composition compared with a control oil-blend composed of sunflower, safflower, and rapeseed oils at a 1:1:1 ratio. Twenty-six overweight (78.3 +/- 3.6 kg body weight and BMI 30.0 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2)) mildly hypertriglyceridemic (1.81 +/- 0.66 mmol/L) women underwent 2 treatment phases of 28 d separated by a 4-wk washout period using a randomized crossover design. They consumed 40 g/d of either DAG or control oil during treatment phases. The baseline, EE, fat oxidation, body composition, and lipid profiles did not differ between the DAG and control oil intervention periods. Relative to control oil, DAG oil did not alter endpoint postprandial EE, fat oxidation, serum lipid profiles, or hepatic lipogenesis. However, DAG oil consumption reduced (P <0.05) accumulation of body fat within trunk, android, and gynoid regions at the endpoint compared with control oil, although neither DAG nor control oil altered any of these variables during the 4-wk intervention period compared with their respective baseline levels. We conclude that although DAG oil is not effective in lowing serum lipids over a 4-wk intervention, it may be useful for reducing adiposity
Proposed Design Method for EB-FRP Ties Debond Strain Encompassing Short/Long and Thin/Thick Ties
No full textA systematic literature review was conducted on pure tension strengthening of concrete structures using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), specifically for larger FRP tie applications. This work yielded a dataset of 1627 direct tension tests, and highlighted the limitation of existing studies on studying thick and long FRP ties, which are typical in real construction scenarios. To overcome this shortcoming, 51 single lap shear tests were conducted on thicker and longer FRP ties, with the dimensions being 0.5 to 6 mm (0.02 to 0.24 in.) thickness, and 300 to 1524 mm (12 to 60 in.) long. The critical parameters under consideration were concrete compressive strength, FRP thickness, and bond length. The findings demonstrate that thicker and therefore stiffer FRP ties have higher debond strength capacity, while longer ties exhibit greater post-elastic deformation capacity but do not affect the debond force capacity. Concrete had a limited effect on either debond strength or deformation capacity. A strength model is proposed for FRP systems under pure tension, which aligns well with both the published and tested results. The objective of this paper is ultimately aid in developing design guidelines and codes for the effective use of FRP in real-world construction, ensuring structural integrity
Decreased Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations After PUFA‐Rich Diets are not Due to Reduced Cholesterol Absorption/Synthesis
No full textEffect of dietary sphingomyelin on absorption and fractional synthetic rate of cholesterol and serum lipid profile in humans
No full textAbstract
Background
Diets enriched with sphingolipids may improve blood lipid profiles. Studies in animals have shown reductions in cholesterol absorption and alterations in blood lipids after treatment with sphingomyelin (SM). However, minimal information exists on effect of SM on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in humans. The objective was to assess the effect of SM consumption on serum lipid concentrations and cholesterol metabolism in healthy humans.
Methods
Ten healthy adult males and females completed a randomized crossover study. Subjects consumed controlled diets with or without 1 g/day SM for 14 days separated by at least 4 week washout period. Serum lipid profile and markers of cholesterol metabolism including cholesterol absorption and synthesis were analyzed.
Results
Serum triglycerides, total, LDL- and VLDL- cholesterol were not affected while HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased (p = 0.043) by SM diet consumption. No change in cholesterol absorption and cholesterol fractional synthesis rate was observed with supplementation of SM compared to control. Intraluminal cholesterol solubilization was also not affected by consumption of SM enriched diet.
Conclusions
In humans, 1 g/day of dietary SM does not alter the blood lipid profile except for an increased HDL-cholesterol concentration and has no effect on cholesterol absorption, synthesis and intraluminal solubilization compared to control.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT00328211Peer Reviewe
Single-Lap Shear Tests Database on EB-FRP <i>(</i><i>Appendix for FRPRCS & ACI Special Publications)</i>
No full textThis meticulously curated dataset encompasses 1,627 single lap shear tests performed on externally reinforced concrete members using FRP strips or ties, spanning studies from 1994 to 2022. These studies have been diligently sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases to provide a cohesive and extensive overview of the developments in the field of concrete reinforcement.While material testing insights are included, they predominantly pertain to the more recent large-scale tests executed by Simpson Strong-Tie Inc. These inclusions, albeit not the central focus, do add nuanced layers to the comprehensive academic research presented.Additionally, the dataset features Paper No. 418 in FRPRCS (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures) and the accepted full paper is published in an ACI SP (American Concrete Institute Special Publication), supplementing the overall compilation with enriched academic viewpoints and findings.The objective of this assembled dataset is to serve as a substantial, integrated resource for academics, researchers, and industry professionals. It provides a balanced, encompassing view of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of FRP reinforcements in concrete members, enabling users to explore and understand the progressive methodologies and varied applications in the domain over the designated period.</p
Cinética da biodegradação dos compostos benzeno, tolueno e xileno em lodo aeróbico utilizando biofilme
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2013Os hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos, coletivamente conhecidos como BTEX são compostos tóxicos presentes em derivados de petróleo, como a gasolina, e utilizados em larga escala nas indústrias químicas e petroquímicas. Estes compostos quando liberados no meio ambiente contaminam o solo e as águas subterrâneas, podendo inviabilizar a exploração de aquíferos, que atualmente representam uma fonte alternativa de água potável. Dessa forma, é fundamental a pesquisa de processos de biodegradação, particularmente quando múltiplos substratos estão presentes no sistema. Neste trabalho investigou-se a cinética de biodegradação dos compostos BTX, individualmente e em mistura. Para tanto, foi avaliado o desempenho de diversos modelos não-estruturados de crescimento microbiano, utizando dados experimentais. As equações do balanço material em operação batelada foram numericamente resolvidas aplicando os modelos de Monod e Andrews à cinética de biodegradação individual dos substratos. Igualmente, as equações aplicadas à cinética de biodegradação da mistura BTX foram resolvidas considerando os modelos de inibição competitiva, acompetitiva e não-competitiva, bem como o modelo soma cinética dos parâmetros de interação (sum kinetic interactions parameters - SKIP). Os parâmetros cinéticos foram estimados por meio de um método de otimização global conhecido como Enxame de Partículas (Particle Swarm Optimization - PSO), implementado no software Maple® 14. Além disso, também foi realizada a identificação das bactérias presentes no lodo in natura, lodos adaptados (batelada e fluxo contínuo), o teste de toxicidade e analisada a influência dos parâmetros diâmetro de partícula, concentração de glicose e substrato (BTX) na biodegradação dos BTX. Foi utilizado lodo aeróbio de estação de tratamento sanitário como fonte de micro-organismos. As leituras de concentração de BTX foram realizadas em HPLC. Através das análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia ótica de contrastes de fundo escuro observou-se uma abundância em micro-organismos presentes e uma adequada formação de biofilme. Observou-se que o gênero Pseudomonas foi encontrado no lodo adaptado, o que indica que este gênero possui afinidade aos substratos BTX. A biodegradação individual dos substratos tolueno e o-xileno foram adequadamente representados pelos modelos de Monod e Andrews, onde foi observado que o tolueno apresentou maior facilidade de degradação quando comparado ao xileno. Com respeito aos modelos de degradação multicomponente, para a associação tolueno-xileno, o modelo SKIP proporcionou a melhor representação da cinética para a associação bicomponente TX, pois além de apresentar um ótimo ajuste aos dados experimentais também mostrou o menor valor de função objetivo, quando comparado aos modelos de inibição. Na avaliação das variáveis na biodegradação monocomponente e bicomponente, o diâmetro de partícula apresentou diferença significativa ao nível de 95% de confiança, seguido pelo substrato utilizado, sendo que pela avaliação a concentração de glicose não apresentou diferença significativa. Quando se avaliou a associação tricomponente, o modelo de inibição acompetitiva apresentou o menor valor de função objetivo, no entanto, nenhum dos modelos pode ser descartado para as interações multicomponentes, visto a pequena diferença dos valores de função objetivo. Os parâmetros cinéticos encontrados para as associações multicomponentes coincidem com valores encontrados na literatura. Dessa forma, os resultados alcançados neste trabalho mostram que todos os modelos avaliados podem ser aplicados com sucesso na avaliação e otimização de processos biodegradativos de compostos tóxicos.Abstract : The monoaromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethilbenzene and xylenes, collectively known as BTEX are toxic compounds present in petroleum products such as gasoline, and used extensively in chemical and petrochemical industries. These compounds when released into the environment contaminate soil and groundwater and may derail the exploitation of aquifers, which currently represent an alternative source of drinking water. Thus, it is essential to search for biodegradation processes, particularly when multiple substrates are present in the system. In this study we investigated the kinetics of biodegradation of BTX, individually and in combination. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of several models unstructured microbial growth, using experimental data. The material balance equations for batch operation were numerically solved by applying the biodegradation kinetics models of Andrews and Monod for individual substrates. Likewise, the equations applied to the biodegradation kinetics of the BTX mixture were resolved considering models for competitive, non-competitive and acompetitive inhibition and the model of sum interactions kinetic parameters - SKIP. The kinetic parameters were estimated using a global optimization method known as Particle Swarm (Particle Swarm Optimization - PSO), implemented in Maple® 14 software. Furthermore, analysis were also conducted to identify the bacteria present in the in natura sludge, sludge adapted (batch and continuous flow), and the toxicity test. It was also investigated the influence of the particle diameter, concentrations of glucose and substrate (BTX) in the biodegradation of BTX. It was used aerobic sludge from treatment plant as source of microrganisms. The concentration values were performed in HPLC. Through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy contrast of dark background there was an abundance of microrganisms present and adequate biofilm formation. It was investigated that the Pseudomonas was found in sludge adapted, which indicates that this microrganism has affinity to substrates BTX. The biodegradation of individual substrates, toluene and o-xylene, was adequately represented by Andrews and Monod models, which revealed that toluene was easier to degradation when compared to o-xylene. With respect to multicomponent degradation models for the association toluene-o-xylene, the SKIP model provided the best representation of the kinetics for the TX bicomponent association, as well as presenting a good fit to experimental data. It also showed the lowest value of the objective function compared to models of inhibition. In the evaluation of the variables in monocomponent and bicomponent biodegradation, the particle diameter presented significant difference at 95%, followed by substrate. The glucose concentration was not significantly different. When we assessed the tricomponent association, the inhibition model uncompetitive showed the lowest value of the objective function, however, none of the models can be discarded for multicomponent interactions, due to the small difference in the values of objective function. The kinetic parameters found for multicomponent associations coincide with values reported in the literature. Thus, the results obtained in this work showed that the models can be successfully applied in the evaluation and optimization of biodegradation processes of toxic compounds
The effect of a dietary portfolio compared to a DASH-type diet on blood pressure
No full textAbstractBackground and aimCompared to a DASH-type diet, an intensively applied dietary portfolio reduced diastolic blood pressure at 24 weeks as a secondary outcome in a previous study. Due to the importance of strategies to reduce blood pressure, we performed an exploratory analysis pooling data from intensively and routinely applied portfolio treatments from the same study to assess the effect over time on systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the relation to sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and portfolio components.Methods and results241 participants with hyperlipidemia, from four academic centers across Canada were randomized and completed either a DASH-type diet (control n = 82) or a dietary portfolio that included, soy protein, viscous fibers and nuts (n = 159) for 24 weeks. Fasting measures and 7-day food records were obtained at weeks 0, 12 and 24, with 24-h urines at weeks 0 and 24. The dietary portfolio reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure compared to the control by 2.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 4.2 to −0.1 mm Hg) (p = 0.056), 1.8 mm Hg (CI, 3.2 to 0.4 mm Hg) (p = 0.013) and 1.9 mm Hg (CI, 3.4 to 0.4 mm Hg) (p = 0.015), respectively. Blood pressure reductions were small at 12 weeks and only reached significance at 24 weeks. Nuts, soy and viscous fiber all related negatively to change in mean arterial pressure (ρ = −0.15 to −0.17, p ≤ 0.016) as did urinary potassium (ρ = −0.25, p = 0.001), while the Na+/K+ ratio was positively associated (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.010).ConclusionsConsumption of a cholesterol-lowering dietary portfolio also decreased blood pressure by comparison with a healthy DASH-type diet.Clinical Trial Reg. No.NCT00438425, clinicaltrials.gov
