1,721,071 research outputs found
Ultrafast spectro-microscopy of highly excited low dimensional materials
Full text linkBorn-Oppenheimer approximation (ABO) is the assumption that the motion of atomic nuclei and electrons in molecules can be separated and independently treated.
In solids, ABO is well justified when the energy gap between ground and excited electronic states is larger than the energy scale of the nuclear motion. Graphene represents a notable exception of this acceptantance. In particular, here we unravel the key role of the gapless linear Dirac dispersion in the vibrational Raman response of the system in the case of impulsively photoexcited graphene.
First, we unambiguously describe Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) processes in graphene, which depend on the resonant nature of the electronic interactions. Indeed, the overall spectral response is described in terms of a third order diagrammatic description of the light-matter interaction. We disclose that the interference between Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and Non-Vibrationally Resonant Background (NVRB) generates Lorentzian dip spectral profiles. Actually, by introducing an experimental time delayed FWM scheme, able to modify the relative strength of the two contributions, we observe the first evidence of CARS peak equivalent to the Raman spectrum in graphene. Second, we adopt sub picosecond photoexcitation which impulsively localize energy into graphene electronic subsystem. While the response of hot charge carriers is well-characterized, unraveling the behavior of optical phonons under strongly out-of- equilibrium conditions remains a challenge. Using a 3-ps laser excitation, which trades off between impulsive stimulation and spectral resolution, we show how the Raman response of graphene can be detected in presence of an electronic subsystem temperature largely exceeding that of the phonon bath. We find a peculiar behaviour of the period and lifetime of both the G and 2D phonons as function of the carriers temperature in the range 1700-3100 K, suggesting a broadening of the Dirac cones.
Accordingly, we reconsider the traditional scenario of the electron-phonon scattering in a highly excited transient regim
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Balanced detection SRS microscopy
No full textPulsed laser systems, especially those based on fiber technology, employed for SRS microscopy often present excess noise that prevents the user from reaching the shot-noise limit and increases the imaging time. This is detrimental, as SRS is often employed as an alternative to spontaneous Raman when imaging speed is an issue. To compensate for these fluctuations, one can use balanced detection. It employs a second photodiode to monitor the laser fluctuations by splitting a portion of the beam before the sample and subtracts this signal from the one generated at the photodiode after the sample. However, the sample often presents spatially varying transmission, thus unbalancing the two photodiodes. Several solutions to this problem have been proposed and demonstrated in the literature and reviewed in this chapter
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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