1,720,968 research outputs found
Renewable Energies to Promote Local Development
No full textThis book is intended as a contribution towards a more inclusive sustainable future. It conceptualizes energy as a central element of development and renewable as a key condition for sustainable development. By describing the technical, economic and policy conditions that are necessary for the successful deployment of renewable energy, it provides recommendations for unleashing, in developing regions, a sustainable development based on more equitable distribution of resources. The need to provide universal energy access to reduce poverty while preserving the environment and limiting climate change requires a new paradigm in the way energy is produced, distributed and used. Decentralized renewable energy systems based on sound technical solutions, solid business models and enabling policies, need to be deployed. Energy is needed to satisfy basic living needs and to give access to public services that are relevant to human and social development. Energy also represents also an income opportunity for people as it enables new
productive activities and thus triggers socio-economic development. Distributed renewable energy can and should become the first option for achieving universal energy access since it has proven to be in several cases the most cost-effective and affordable option.
Energy is a cross cutting enabler that should be integrated into wider social, economic and environmental policies. From this perspective, the book provides a comprehensive multi objective and multi criteria analysis that goes beyond the often shortsighted and simplistic financial analysis, with the aim to represent a step towards the achievement of innovative solutions. A wide panorama of the contribution of renewable energy to sustainable development is presented in four of the five parts of the book, that readers might read separately, as each one stands on its own and tells a distinctive part of the story. The fifth part gives space to specific experiences coming from different
stakeholders quite active in the field of access to energy. The book brings together several authors from different parts of the world and
professional backgrounds ranging from private sector to academia, international organizations, NGOs and governments to give a comprehensive view of the role of renewable energy in ensuring sustainable development. It is also builts on the long experience of the three editors in education and in the promotion and implementation of renewable energy projects in developing countries
Distributed Generation for Access to Electricity:“Off-Main-Grid” Systems from Home-Based to Microgrid
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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