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Peschiere e tecniche di pesca a Taranto, tra Medioevo ed Età moderna
No full textThroughout history, the economy of Taranto has been based on fishing. Thus, fishing has become a source of income for its citizens and an essential aspect of the city’s identity. Besides fishing − practiced with naviculae and lentrones (small flatboats) from the 12th century onwards − intensive aquaculture practiced in the fishing farms of the Mar Piccolo has also been significant. The terms piscarìa or piscara and vivaria define portions of seawater, differing in size and delimited by a piling system anchored into the seabed. In these places, the Curia regis, the concessionaires or the lessees exercised their exclusive fishing rights.
Detailed evidence on fishing practices is available in written sources. They provide us with rather valuable data, especially if we consider that these types of farms have rarely left material traces due to their perishable building materials (poles, nets, ropes) and the difficulty in recognizing them (think, for instance, of the stone blocks used to attach the piling).
The majority of the Tarentine fishing farms were located near the Mar Piccolo entrance and along its inner coast. Thirty of them are known and were exploited by the clergy, the leading religious authorities, and private citizens.
While oyster farming is well attested for the Roman age, less information is available on mussel farming. Indeed, this type of aquaculture is not testified before the 15-16th c., when the first farms were installed. In the following century, this production increased greatly and became an important characteristic of the local economy.
Fishing and aquaculture were strictly regulated with a set of norms and rules deriving from Byzantine law. From the 15th c., they were recorded and constantly updated in the Libro Rosso di Taranto, also known as the Manoscritto Acclavio. Not only does this code provide us with information on the seawater exploitation system, but also on fishing techniques, regulations, and tools’ names.
Many of these practices remained unchanged throughout antiquity and became part of the fishing tradition of Taranto. Among the primary fishing techniques, Tarentine fishers mastered pot traps − baskets made of willow and used on rocky sea bottoms rich in vegetation − and trawls − preferred for shallow seabeds and dragged by two fishers’ teams directly from the ground
I prodotti del mare: pesci, ostriche e altri molluschi
No full textAncient literary sources often refer to Tarentine seawater products. In a quote by Athenaeus, the 2nd c. b.C. Greek physician, Euthydemus of Chios, mentions the high-quality of Tarentine tuna fish. Ennius recalls the quality of a fish known as the apriculus, while the Tarentine physician Heracleides praises the shellfish. In his Satires, Horace highlights the quality of the pectines of the molle Tarentum, while in Gellius’s words, Varro shows appreciation for the Ostrea Tarenti. According to Pliny, oysters from Taranto and Brindisi were very popular, alongside those from Lake Lucrino, Circeo and Lake Averno. Oysters remained a widely appreciated mollusk during the Medieval and modern periods.
Up until the 20th century, oyster farming was practiced by immersing lentiscus fagots tied with ropes into the water. After two months, they were taken out, and the branches full of oysters were cut into smaller pieces, attached to vegetal ropes and then immersed again into the water for growing.
The 15th century Libro Rosso di Taranto offers information about the names of the fish farms in the Mar Piccolo and the techniques of oyster and clam (gamadie) farming. Contractors could fish them cum branca every year, in the time span between September 15th and January 15th each year.
On the other hand, less information is available concerning mussel farming. Indeed, this type of aquaculture is not attested before the 15-16th c., when the first farms were installed. In the following century, this production increased greatly and became an important characteristic of the local economy.
From the 5th century BC, Tarentine coins were minted with depictions of different types of mollusks, crustaceans, and fish (octopus, cuttlefish, serranus gigas, crab, murex, pekten, tuna, labrax, dolphin). Similarly, local artisans started to paint fish on vases, particularly on the ‘fish plates’, or to engrave and carve them on other types of artifacts. All of these objects testify to the local richness in fish and the economic importance of all sea-related activities for the entire community
Strumenti esperienziali per favorire l’autoriflessione degli studenti di medicina
No full textLa capacità del medico di gestire le proprie emozioni e quelle del paziente durante una consultazione clinica, nonché la competenza nel verbalizzarle e nel riflettere sulle implicazioni che esse hanno (e.g., riflettere sulle connessioni con la propria storia), sembra essere importante tanto quanto la sua capacità comunicativa1. Ciò nonostante i percorsi formativi in medicina raramente prendono in considerazione tale aspetto, con la conseguente scarsità di proposte strutturate che forniscano ai medici e agli studenti l’opportunità di riflettere sulla propria interazione con i pazienti2.
Scopo del presente simposio è quello di presentare alcuni strumenti innovativi per favorire i processi di riflessione nelle comunicazioni difficili in medicina e nella gestione degli aspetti emotivi che tali conversazioni comportano. In particolare, verrà discusso l’impiego dei seguenti metodi: Photolangage3, Psicodramma4, Genogramma5.
Molto in breve, il photolangage3 è uno strumento utilizzato per esplorare le rappresentazioni dei partecipanti rispetto a un tema proposto, attraverso l’uso di fotografie standardizzate raffiguranti sia situazioni quotidiane che cliniche. Lo psicodramma è un metodo attraverso il quale le persone sono invitate a riflettere su se stesse attraverso l’azione: durante una sessione di psicodramma infatti non si parla ma si rappresenta e si agisce. Secondo la teoria di Moreno4, la rappresentazione esterna della vita interiore consente di avviare dei processi di cambiamento in un contesto protetto, così che le persone possano diventare più spontanee e creative. Infine, il genogramma5 è uno strumento utilizzato nella pratica clinica per approfondire l’anamnesi trigenerazionale della persona che lo compila. In ambito formativo può essere uno strumento utile al fine di promuovere una riflessione sulle proprie risorse professionali a partire da quelle personali, inserite nel contesto familiare.
L’uso di tali strumenti verrà esemplificato attraverso materiali di un corso elettivo per gli studenti di medicin
Errori medici. La comunicazione con il paziente e i familiari
No full textA partire dall'esperienza di quanti sono coinvolti negli errori medici pazienti, familiari, medici e altri professionisti della salute - il volume affronta le difficoltà insite nel parlare di errori con onestà e franchezza nella pratica clinica. Basandosi sulle linee guida sviluppate dall'lnstitute for Professionalism and Ethical Practice e sull'esperienza degli autori, l'approccio esperienziale presentato in questo libro offre un aiuto concreto per iniziare la conversazione, gestire le reazioni dei pazienti con professionalità ed empatia, decidere chi dovrà partecipare alla conversazione, selezionare quali informazioni documentare nella cartella clinica, rispondere alle domande relative al risarcimento economico. Con l'obiettivo di favorire la soluzione dei conflitti e la cura, gli autori sottolineano l'importanza di una comunicazione chiara ed empatica per riparare agli errori nel miglior modo possibile. Una particolare attenzione è riservata ad alcuni aspetti della relazione medico-paziente: trasparenza, rispetto, responsabilità, continuità e sensibilità. Le esperienze in prima persona raccolte in questo libro mostrano come parlare degli errori possa migliorare il percorso di cura.More than a million patient safety incidents occur every year, and medical error is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Illuminating the experiences of those affected by medical error—patients, their loved ones, and physicians and other medical professionals— Talking with Patients and Families about Medical Error delves deeply into the challenges of communicating honestly and openly about mistakes in medical practice.
Based on guidelines from the Institute for Professional and Ethical Practice and the authors' own experiences, the practice-based approaches outlined here offer concrete guidance on
• initiating discussions • dealing professionally and compassionately with patients' reactions • who should be included in the conversation• what information should be documented in the medical record• how to respond to questions about financial compensation
Aimed at promoting resolution and healing, this book stresses the importance of clear, empathetic communication that will improve clinical and organizational responses to medical missteps and mismanagement. It emphasizes five features of the physician-patient relationship deserving of special attention: transparency, respect, accountability, continuity, and kindness (TRACK). Narrative examples of common situations demonstrate how conversations about medical error can lead to healing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La comunicazione medico-paziente-famigliare in un approccio di medicina centrata sul paziente
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