113 research outputs found
Guasco M., Chiesa e Cattolicesimo in Italia (1945-2000), Dehoniane, Bologna 2001
No full textRecensione al volume: Guasco M., Chiesa e Cattolicesimo in Italia (1945-2000), Dehoniane, Bologna 200
Vai e vieni. Esperienze di migrazione e lavoro di senegalesi tra Louga e Torino
No full textI vissuti, le percezioni, le valutazioni dell'esperienza d'emigrazione dei senegalesi che lavorano a Torino vengono descritti attraverso le interviste di chi è partito e dei loro familiari rimasti nei villaggi in Senegal. Il racconto si apre con l'immaginario del viaggio come epopea e avventura, carico di valenze religiose, che i modou modou , migranti internazionali, hanno ereditato da una centenaria tradizione di spostamenti dei loro avi nel continente africano. Sulle motivazioni economiche prevalgono dunque le giustificazioni religiose e sociali del lavoro che essi andranno a cercare in Occidente, ma dal racconto delle vicissitudini dell'esperienza diretta delle varie occupazioni alle quali dovranno adattarsi una volta arrivati in Italia emerge soprattutto quanto la realtà diverga dai sogni coltivati prima della partenza.
Dal momento del loro arrivo inizia quel rapporto dialettico - che qui si descrive nelle sue diverse sfaccettature - che è la vita "tra le due sponde". A Torino essi raggiungono l'obiettivo d'un lavoro che consente di mantenere le proprie famiglie in Senegal ma che li costringe a una indefinita permanenza all'estero. Vivono così a Torino, cercando di conservare le proprie radici culturali e coltivando il perenne sogno di un ritorno nel proprio paese. Mantengono saldi i legami con la propria comunità e temono le attrazioni e le insidie d'una modernità occidentale verso la quale comunque si sentono attratti, manifestando al contempo una certa apertura alla socializzazione con gli italiani.
La dualità del loro vivere su due sponde ha conseguenze sulle stesse famiglie, perché modifica le abitudini, i ruoli gerarchici e i rapporti di genere, a causa della assenza della figura maschile (poiché emigrano soprattutto gli uomini) e della crescente disponibilità di denaro delle rimesse. Le persistenze di cultura tradizionale si affiancano ai cambiamenti nella vita e mentalità loro e nelle famiglie, che trasformano la stessa società senegalese che dipende economicamente in parte significativa dal fenomeno migratorio dei modou modou . Trattandosi di un processo in corso dallo sviluppo non prevedibile, se ne descrivono qui alcuni aspetti significativi senza che se ne possano ancora indicare gli sbocchi
Metodi enzimatici per la valutazione dell’attività anti-amilasica di Phaseolus vulgaris e prodotti derivati
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IL3 Induces Osteoclastogenesis In Vivo and Is Modulated By Bone Marrow Monocyte / Macrophage Derived Activin A
No full textImmunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide inhibit multiple Myeloma-induced osteoclast formation and the RANKL/OPG ratio in the myeloma microenvironment targeting the expression of adhesion molecules
No full textMultiple myeloma (MM)-induced osteoclast (OC) formation is mainly due to an imbalance of the receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in favor of RANKL in the bone microenvironment and to the CCL3 production by MM cells. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the immunomodulatory drugs on RANKL/OPG ratio, the production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and MM-induced OC formation. We found that in vivo concentrations of both lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide (POM) significantly blunted RANKL upregulation normalizing the RANKL/OPG ratio in human osteoprogenitor cells (PreOBs) when co-cultured with MM cells and also inhibited CCL3 production by MM cells. A reduction in CD49d expression, a molecule critically involved in RANKL upregulation in the MM microenvironment, accompanied this effect. Consistently, the pro-osteoclastogenic property of MM cells co-cultured with PreOBs was reduced by both LEN and POM. We further investigated the effect of these drugs on the transcriptional profile of both MM cells and PreOBs by microarray analysis, which showed that adhesion molecules, such as ITGA8 and ICAM2, are significantly downregulated in MM cells. Our data suggest that LEN and POM inhibit MM-induced OC formation through normalization of the RANKL/OPG ratio targeting the expression of adhesion molecules by MM cells
Defensa justificativa de D. Andrés Hernández Guasco contra las impugnaciones que le dirige el profesor en Medicina y Cirugía D. Bartolomé Mora ... en la Refutación a su Memoria sobre las causas que originan el cólera.
No full textImmunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide inhibit multiple myeloma-induced osteoclast formation and the RANKL/OPG ratio in the myeloma microenvironment targeting the expression of adhesion molecules
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Myeloma-Induced Osteocyte Death Was Blunted By Proteasome Inhibitors Through The Modulation Of Autophagy
No full textOsteocytes are critical in the maintenance of bone integrity regulating bone remodeling through the cell death and autophagy, a cellular process stress-induced to prolong cell survival but when induced excessively can cause cell death. Recently we have demonstrated that an increased osteocyte death is involved in multiple myeloma (MM)-induced osteolysis. However the mechanisms involved in this process as well as the effect of the proteasome inhibitors able to stimulate bone formation are not known and have been investigated in this study.
Firstly the effect of the proteasome inhibitors BOR and MG262 on osteocyte viability was evaluated in vitro in murine osteocytic cell line MLO-Y4 and in the human pre-osteocytic one HOB-01. Both cell lines were co-coltured for 48 hours in the presence or absence of the human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) RPMI8226 and JJN3, placed in a traswell insert. The treatment for 12-24 hours with (BOR) (2nM) and MG262 (10nM) significantly blunted MLO-Y4 and HOB-01 cell death. In addition, dexamethasone (DEX)-induced MLO-Y4 apoptosis, obtained at high doses (10-5-10-6 M), was reduced by the treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Interestingly, we found that PTH short-term treatment potentiated the in vitro effects of proteasome inhibitors on DEX-induced osteocyte death. To evaluate the presence of autophagy in osteocytes, we checked the expression of the autophagic marker LC3 both by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis in the co-colture system with MLO-Y4 and RPMI-8226. Prevalence of autophagic cell death and in a lesser extent apoptosis was observed in this system. BOR increased the basal level of LC3 indicating a pro-survival and protective function of autophagy against the BOR-induce stress. On the contrary, when cells undergo to a stronger stress such as in the presence of HMCLs or by treatment with high dose of DEX we found that both proteasome inhibitors BOR and MG262 blocked autophagic cell death in osteocytes.
To translate our in vitro evidence in a clinical perspective, thereafter we performed a histological evaluation on bone biopsies of a cohort of 37 newly diagnosis MM patients 31 of them with symptomatic MM and 6 with smoldering MM (SMM). The 55% of patients with MM have evidence of osteolytic lesions at the X-rays survey. Bone biopsies were obtained at the diagnosis and after an average time of 12 months of treatment or observation. Osteocyte viability was evaluated in a total of 500 lacunae per histological sections. A significant increase of the number of viable osteocytes was demonstrated in MM patients treated with BOR-based regimen as compared to those treated without BOR (% median increase: +6% vs. +1.30%; p=0.017). Patients treated with BOR alone showed the highest increase of osteocyte viability, as compared to those either treated without BOR (+11.6% vs. +1.3%, p=0.0019) or treated with BOR plus DEX (+11.6% vs. +4.4%, p=0.01). A reduction of both osteocyte apoptosis and autophagy was demonstrated by TUNEL assays and confocal microscopy. On the other hand, any significant difference was not observed in patients treated with Thalidomide (THAL) or Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) than in those untreated with these drugs (p= 0.7). A multiple regression non-parametric analysis showed that BOR had a significant positive impact on osteocyte viability (p=0.042) whereas THAL/IMiDs as well as Zoledronic acid (ZOL) treatments have not (p=0.2). BOR also counterbalanced the negative effect of DEX treatment (p=0.035).
Our data suggest that proteasome inhibitors blunted osteocyte cell death induced by MM cells and DEX through the modulation of the autophagy supporting their use to improve bone integrity in MM patients
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