3,493 research outputs found
RoMEO Studies 5: IPR issues for OAI Data and Service Providers
No full textThis paper is the fifth in a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It reports the results of two surveys of OAI Data Providers (DPs) and Service Providers (SPs) with regards to the rights issues they face. It finds that very few DPs have rights agreements with depositing authors and that there is no standard approach to the creation of rights metadata. The paper considers the rights protection afforded individual and collections of metadata records under UK Law and contrasts this with DP and SP’s views on the rights status of metadata and how they wish to protect it. The majority of DP and SPs believe that a standard way of describing both the rights status of documents and of metadata would be usefu
Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A review of ergonomics methods
No full textThis paper reviews the use of ergonomics methods in the context of usability of consumer products. A review of the literature indicated that there is upward of 60 methods available to the ergonomist. The results of the survey indicated that questionnaires, interviews and observation are the most frequently reported methods used. Ease of use of the methods was dependent upon type of method used, presence of software support and type of training received. Strong links were found between questionnaires and interviews as a combined approach, as well as with HTA and observation. However, a questionnaire survey of professional ergonomists found that none of the respondents had any documented evidence of the reliability and validity of the methods they were using. A study of training people to use ergonomics' methods indicated the different requirements of the approaches, in terms of training time, application time and subjective preferences. An important goal for future research is to establish the reliability and validity of ergonomics methods
The AIGO project
No full text The AIGO project is the proposed southern hemisphere advanced large scale gravitational wave detector. With this southern hemisphere detector, the global array of ground based gravitational wave detectors will be substantially improved. Here we summarize the current plans for the AIGO detector. L. Ju, D. G. Blair, J. Davidson, D. E. Mcclelland, J. Munch, S. M. Scott and C. Zha
The formation of convolute lamination in mud-rich turbidites
No full textConvolute lamination is a common fold structure within turbidite beds, attributed to the deformation of sediment during or soon after deposition of the host bed. Despite the prevalence of this feature, the formational processes are still not well understood. Possible mechanisms are investigated here through redescription and analysis of convolute lamination from the Aberystwyth Grits Group (Silurian, west Wales, UK), in which "convolute bedding" was first defined. Internal bed structures have been studied in clean coastal exposures and on high-resolution optical scans of cut surfaces. Convolute lamination occurs in intervals 2-10 cm thick, spanning the top of the very fine sand Bouma C division through the D division of interlaminated silt and clay. Observed growth geometries confirm that the structure formed during sedimentation of the host graded bed. Folds show a down-flow asymmetry and doubly-vergent diapiric geometries ("mushroom"-shaped structures). Grain size measurements from a modern turbidite (Icod bed, ~165 ka, Mor occan Turbidite System) suggest there is an optimal 'window' of average grain size and mud content parameter space, within which convolute lamination develops. It is proposed that this window coincides with a bed density inversion created during deposition of a graded bed as clean sand (with pore spaces infilled by water) fines upwards into mud-rich sand (with pores infilled by an increasing proportion of mud). Porosity decreases and bulk bed density correspondingly increases. The resulting unstable density gradient may lead to vertical buoyancy-driven overturn, manifest as growing folds. Subsequent amplification of the folds due to density differences and modification due to horizontal shear imposed by the depositing turbidity current may then occur. The bed density gradient stabilises with deposition of low permeability mud, suppressing further fold development. Quantitatively, both Rayleigh-Taylor instability and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability are theoretically possible in forming folds in this context
FIGURE 1 in Repatriating a lost name: notes on McClelland and Griffith's Cobitis boutanensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Comparison of Aborichthys boutanensis holotype to other cobitids. (a) Aborichthys boutanensis holotype, BMNH1860.3.14.775, 104.7 mm SL; (b) A. boutanensis, CNR (College of Natural Resources, Bhutan) 13551, 101.6 mm SL; (c) drawing of A. boutanensis, labeled Aborichthys kempi in Chaudhuri (1913); (d) Paracobitis atrakensis from Esmaeili et al (2014) with permission of the author; mouth structures of (e) A. boutanensis, holotype; (f) A. boutanensis, CNR 13551; and (g) A. boutanensis from Chaudhuri (1913).Published as part of Thoni, Ryan J. & Hart, Robbie, 2015, Repatriating a lost name: notes on McClelland and Griffith's Cobitis boutanensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), pp. 291-294 in Zootaxa 3999 (2) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/24188
A PDP approach to set size effects within the Stroop task: Reply to Kanne, Balota, Spieler, and Faust (1998)
No full textIn this reply, the authors point out that the simulations reported by S. M. Kanne. D. A. Balota, D. H. Spieler, and M. E. Faust (1996) did not incorporate mechanisms proposed to explain set size effects in J. D. Cohen, K. Dunbar, and J. L. McClelland (1990). The authors report a new simulation that incorporates these mechanisms and more accurately simulates S. M. Kanne et al.'s empirical data. The authors then point to other factors that could be explored in a more complete test of their model. The use of feed-forward rather than recurrent inhibition is discussed as a potentially important limitation of their original model. and recent work addressing this issue is described. The authors also discuss possible differences between word reading and color naming in the Stroop task. Although such differences may exist, the authors retain their earlier view that such differences do not reflect a dichotomy between automatic and controlled processing
Processing Highly Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Use in Bioreactor Cores for Culturing Human Liver Cells In-Vitro
No full textChronic liver disease is the 11th highest cause of death in the United States claiming over 30,000 lives in 2009. The current treatment for chronic liver failure is liver transplantation but the availability of tissue is far less than the number of patients in need. To develop human liver tissue in the lab a 3D culturing environment must be created to support the growth of a complex tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been chosen as a scaffold material because of its biocompatibility in the body and the ability to create a bioresorbable scaffold. By using a ceramic material, it is possible to create a three dimensional, protective environment in which tissue can grow.
Chronic liver disease is the 11th highest cause of death in the United States claiming over 30,000 lives in 2009. The current treatment for chronic liver failure is liver transplantation but the availability of tissue is far less than the number of patients in need. To develop human liver tissue in the lab a 3D culturing environment must be created to support the growth of a complex tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been chosen as a scaffold material because of its biocompatibility in the body and the ability to create a bioresorbable scaffold. By using a ceramic material, it is possible to create a three dimensional, protective environment in which tissue can grow.
The first part of this study is to examine the behavior of adult human liver cells grown on composites of HAp and different biocompatible hydrogels. Porous HAp has been created using an emulsion foaming technique and cells are injected into the structure after being suspended in a hydrogel and are kept in culture for up to 28 days. Functional assays, gene expression and fluorescent microscopy will be used to examine these cultures. The second part of this study will be to develop a processing technique to create a resorbable scaffold that incorporates a vascular system template. Previous experiments have shown the high temperature decomposition of HAp into resorbable calcium phosphates will be used to create a multiphase material. By controlling the amount of transformation product formed, it is proposed that the resorption of the scaffold can be tailored. To introduce a pore network to guide the growth of a vascular system, a positive-negative casting technique has also been developed. A positive polymer copy can be made of a natural vascular system and ceramic is foamed around the copy. During sintering, the polymer is pyrolyzed leaving a multiscale pore network in the ceramic. By combining these techniques, it is proposed that a calcium phosphate bioreactor core can be processed that is suitable for the culturing of human liver tissue
Statistical Uncertainty in Paleoclimate Proxy Reconstructions
No full textA quantitative analysis of any environment older than the instrumental record relies on proxies. Uncertainties associated with proxy reconstructions are often underestimated, which can lead to artificial conflict between different proxies, and between data and models. In this paper, using ordinary least squares linear regression as a common example, we describe a simple, robust and generalizable method for quantifying uncertainty in proxy reconstructions. We highlight the primary controls on the magnitude of uncertainty, and compare this simple estimate to equivalent estimates from Bayesian, nonparametric and fiducial statistical frameworks. We discuss when it may be possible to reduce uncertainties, and conclude that the unexplained variance in the calibration must always feature in the uncertainty in the reconstruction. This directs future research toward explaining as much of the variance in the calibration data as possible. We also advocate for a “data-forward” approach, that clearly decouples the presentation of proxy data from plausible environmental inferences
Letter from R. McClelland to Geo. W. Manypenny with letters from John E. Wool, G. J. Rains, and A. J. Smith, 1854
No full textAn enclosed letter from John E. Wool dictates that G.J. Rains commanded Fort Dallas, Oregon on the subject of Indian relations. He describes instances of lawless, wanton acts of cruelty against the Indians of Northern California. He mentions Agent Culver's letter from a committee of miners originating from Illinois River dated at January 19th, 1854. The letter describes an attack by miners from Sailor Diggings to exterminate the Indians of Illinois and Deer Creek. A.J. Smith writes further from Fort Lane on February 3, 1854. Nineteen of the miners approached Deer Creeks and attacked a rancheria of 7 squaws, 1 boy, 2 children, with the intent to kill. The miners murdered one pregnant woman, two children; wounded three squaws, and one boy. He mentions the successes of Beale's Indian Reservation near Tejon Pass and recommends a similar experiment in Oregon, especially in Scotts Valley for the Klamath and other Indians. He further recommends sending more recruits to Fort Sanse to keep peace
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