1,854 research outputs found
Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Bulgaria: Lessons from the Historical Record
No full textThere are two aspects through which an economic policy can influence the economic situation – monetary and fiscal. Monetary and fiscal policies have different and sometimes controversial goals to achieve by means of specific instruments. While the mission of central banks is generally price stability, governments usually set their goals in the realm of economic growth and employment. Fiscal institutions , however, often use inflation in order to derive revenues (seigniorage) and finance budget deficits. Hence, inflation is viewed as a public finance phenomenon (Barro, 1979; Mankiw, 1987; Grilli, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to present a historical perspective on the behaviour of the monetary and fiscal policies pursued in Bulgaria from 1879, when the Bulgarian National Bank was established (soon after the liberation from the Ottoman Empire). Furthermore, historical time series of monetary and fiscal indicators give us the chance to study the link between government budget problems, fluctuations of monetary variables and inflation dynamics in different monetary episodes.monetary and fiscal policy, inflation, exchange rate
Vpliv znamčenja in trženjskih aktivnosti vezanih na blagovne znamke na poslovanje podjetij: primer slovenskih proizvodnih podjetij
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Towards automated knowledge-based mapping between individual conceptualisations to empower personalisation of Geospatial Semantic Web
No full textGeospatial domain is characterised by vagueness, especially in the semantic disambiguation of the concepts in the domain, which makes defining universally accepted geo- ontology an onerous task. This is compounded by the lack of appropriate methods and techniques where the individual semantic conceptualisations can be captured and compared to each other. With multiple user conceptualisations, efforts towards a reliable Geospatial Semantic Web, therefore, require personalisation where user diversity can be incorporated. The work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing research on applying commonsense reasoning to elicit and maintain models that represent users' conceptualisations. Such user models will enable taking into account the users' perspective of the real world and will empower personalisation algorithms for the Semantic Web. Intelligent information processing over the Semantic Web can be achieved if different conceptualisations can be integrated in a semantic environment and mismatches between different conceptualisations can be outlined. In this paper, a formal approach for detecting mismatches between a user's and an expert's conceptual model is outlined. The formalisation is used as the basis to develop algorithms to compare models defined in OWL. The algorithms are illustrated in a geographical domain using concepts from the SPACE ontology developed as part of the SWEET suite of ontologies for the Semantic Web by NASA, and are evaluated by comparing test cases of possible user misconceptions
Antioxidant activity of galantamine and some of its derivatives.
No full textOxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of different human diseases: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), Down's syndrome, atherosclerosis, vascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2, age - related macular degeneration, psoriatic arthritis. The aim of current study is to summarize the scientific evidences for the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of Galantamine and some of its derivatives. Galantamine is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and causes neuroprotective effect by lowering the oxidative neuronal damage, through the following pathways: 1) prevention of the activation of P2X7 receptors; 2) protection of mitochondrial membrane potential; 3) pre - vention of the membrane fluidity disturbances. Another mechanism is the decreasing of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, a result from the increasing of acetylcholine level due to: 1) acethylcholinesterase inhibition; 2) allosteric potentiation of α7 - subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A close relationship between acethylcholinesterase inhibition and reduced oxidative injury is observed. Through allosteric potentiation of the α7 - subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the drug leads to induction of phosphorylation of serine - threonine protein kinase, stimulates phosphoinositide 3 - kinase and elevates the expression of protective protein Bcl - 2. By activation of these important neuroprotective cascades, Galantamine exerts neuroprotection against a variety of cytotoxic agents (β- amyloid peptide, glutamate, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and glucose deprivation). The new trend in therapy of Alzheimer's disease will be the investigation and application of compounds such as Galantamine derivatives, which possess acethylcholinesterase and γ- secretase inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties
A modified protocol for in vivo footprinting by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction.
No full textMultiple Social Identities in Relation to Self-Esteem of Adolescents in Post-communist Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Kosovo, and Romania
No full textWe test a model linking ethnic, familial, and religious identity to self-esteem among youth in Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Kosovo, and Romania. All countries are post-communist nations in Europe, offering novel and underexplored settings to study identity. Participants were 880 adolescents (mean age, 15.93 years; SD, 1.40) with Albanian (n = 209), Bulgarian (n = 146), Czech (n = 306), Kosovan (n = 116), and Romanian (n = 103) background who filled in an Ethnic Identity Scale (Dimitrova et al., 2016), familial and religious identity scales adapted from the Utrecht Management of Identity Commitment Scales [U-MICS; Crocetti et al. Child and Youth Care Forum, 40, 7–23 (2011); Crocetti et al. Assessment, 1, 2–16 (2015)], and the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale [Rosenberg, Conceiving the self. Basic Books, New York (1979)]. A multigroup path model showed that ethnic, familial, and religious identities were significantly positively related to a single underlying construct of social identities. In all countries, youth with a stronger multiple identities reported higher self-esteem. These results are particularly valuable in addressing the scope of the proposed book by providing new knowledge on multiple social identities among under investigated samples from post-communist countries in Europe faced with dynamic societal changes. They also mirror increasing attention on multiple, inclusive, and intersectional identities as psychological assets for young generations
Citrilolepis Dimitrova & Georgiev & Mariaux & Vasileva 2019, n. g.
No full text<i>Citrilolepis</i> n. g. <i>Diagnosis</i> <p>Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae. Body mediumsized. Scolex oval, covered by distinct microtriches. Rostellar apparatus musculo-glandular. Suckers round, muscular. Rostellum retractile, ovoid. Rostellar sheath oval, thick-walled, not reaching level of posterior margin of suckers. Rostellar hooks diorchoid, more than 10 in number, in single row. Neck long. Strobila with gradual maturation. Proglottides craspedote, much wider than long. Inner longitudinal muscle bundles numerous. Ventral osmoregulatory canals often with distinct irregular transverse anastomoses. Genital pores unilateral, sinistral. Genital ducts dorsal to osmoregulatory canals. Testes oval, usually three, rarely four or five per proglottis, arranged in transverse line, rarely in triangle; situated usually in two groups separated by female glands. Cirrus-sac elongate, thin-walled, situated near anterior proglottis margin, not reaching midline of proglottis. Cirrus cylindrical, armed. Female glands median. Ovary multilobate, median. Vitellarium median, with irregular shape, consisting of 3–4 compact, oval lobes, posterior to ovary. Seminal receptacle voluminous, convoluted. Vagina with thick-walled copulatory part, surrounded by thick cellular sleeve; ventral or posteroventral to cirrus-sac; lumen of copulatory part covered by hair-like microtriches. Young uterus narrow, tubular, transversely-elongated; with further development becoming labyrinthine, with numerous sacculations. Fully-developed uterus sacciform, thick-walled, occupying entire median field, not crossing lateral osmoregulatory canals. Eggs oval or elliptical, with thick embryophore. In Fringillidae (Passeriformes). <i>Type-species</i>: <i>Citrilolepis citrili</i> n. g., n. sp.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The name of the new genus is derived from the common English name (‘‘citril’’) of the typehost; ‘‘ <i>lepis</i> ’’ (Latin) - scale, a frequently used ending for names of cyclophyllidean cestode genera.</p>Published as part of <i>Dimitrova, Yana D., Georgiev, Boyko B., Mariaux, Jean & Vasileva, Gergana P., 2019, Two new cestode species of the family Hymenolepididae Perrier, 1897 (Cyclophyllidea) from passerine birds in Ethiopia, with the erection of Citrilolepis n. g., pp. 279-297 in Syst Parasitol 96</i> on page 286, DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09846-y, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2669972">http://zenodo.org/record/2669972</a>
Institutionalization of Imported Rules in the European Union's New Member States: Bringing Politics Back in the Research Agenda
No full textThis paper sets out to explore the puzzle of possible institutionalization or reversal of rules 'imported' by new member states from Central and Eastern Europe during their preparation for accession to the EU. It argues that the institutionalization of formal rules adopted as part of enlargement requirements is not automatic post accession. New formal rules can be reversed, supported by secondary rules and institutionalized or ignored and not implemented. The paper proposes a politics framework that suggests that these different outcomes will be influenced by the environment of weak post communist states and will depend on the area specific configuration of formal and informal veto players and on the EU's ability to impose sanctions. In the case of non acquis imported rules, reversal of formal rules would be possible without sanctions whereas in the case of acquis rules, the likely outcomes are institutionalization or 'empty shells'. Another outcome, 'capture' of the new rules is likely in areas with distributive implications.enlargement; East-Central Europe; acquis communautaire; institutionalisation; administrative adaptation
What a Difference Context Makes: Comparing Communication Strategies of Migration NGOs in Two Neighboring Countries
No full textThis research study compared non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the area of migration in two neighboring countries – Bulgaria and Turkey. Utilizing in-depth interviews with 39 NGO professionals in both countries, the analysis identified critical differences in public opinion dynamics, organizational structures and interdependencies, and government relationships. Further analysis unveiled how the local socio-economic and political context had impacted NGO communication strategies as well as the specific communication channels, public engagement activities, and social media campaigns in each country. Implications for communication scholarship during times of increasing migration flows and globalization are discussed.This article is published as Dimitrova, D., Ozdora-Aksak, E., What a Difference Context Makes: Comparing Communication Strategies of Migration NGOs in Two Neighboring Countries. Journal of Borderlands Studies. 31 Dec 2022. Latest Articles. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2022.2161065. Posted with permission. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.<br
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