1,721,071 research outputs found
Clinical management of the cardiovascular failure in sepsis
No full textCardiovascular failure in sepsis involves a combination of hypovolemia, decreased vascular tone, myocardial depression and microcirculatory alterations. Fluids represent the first line therapeutic intervention, with controversy regarding the type of fluid. Recent data indicate that albumin is safe and might even be beneficial in specific subgroups. Starches may be an alternative, although concerns exist on potential detrimental effects on renal function of old generation starches. Trials testing new generation starches are ongoing. When fluids fail to correct hypotension, vasopressor agents are used. Various adrenergic agents increase blood pressure, especially dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors. They also variably stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac contractility, heart rate, and splanchnic perfusion, but with increased risk of arrhythmias, immunomodulation and increased metabolism. Furthermore, dopamine stimulates dopaminergic receptors, resulting in doubtful effects on splanchnic and renal perfusion, but also in endocrine alterations. Do these pharmacologic differences among the various alpha-adrenergic agents translate into clinical differences? Several randomized trials tested the effects of these agents on outcome. Epinephrine produces more undesired effects than norepinephrine, but no clear cut differences on outcome were observed in underpowered trials. Norepinephrine should be preferred over dopamine, as suggested in one large trial and confirmed in a meta-analysis. Vasopressin may be considered as an alternative or in addition to adrenergic agents. In one large trial, no significant difference in outcome was observed, and the exact role of vasopressin still needs clarification. Finally, various inotropic agents can counteract septic myocardial depression. So far, no study supports their routine use, but these may be justified on an individual basis. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La performance ventricolare nei pazienti critici: ecocardiografia e pulse contour method non calibrato a confronto
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
La performance ventriculaire gauche étudiée par échocardiographie et par une analyse non calibrée de l’onde de pouls chez des patients de soins de réanimation
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