1,721,163 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textIn this issue we propose, therefore, a cognitive and philosophical analysis of stereotypes and of the relationship between stereotypes and categorization to de ne the role played by stereotypes in our everyday thought as well as in specific disciplines involving categories and categorization processes, such as philosophy, philosophy of language, history and philosophy of sciences, social and gender studies, politics, linguistics, and sciences in general. To conduct this analysis, we have collected papers dealing with the general topic of stereotypes from a cognitive and philosophical perspective, or with stereotypes in specific fields of present-day research. Our main aim has been to highlight the presence of stereotypes, to analyze them and to show how they manipulate us and, at the same time, how we can manipulate them to understand reality without allowing stereotypes to be imposed upon our cognitive processes
What Language for Turing Test in the Age of Qualia?
No full textWhat is the most relevant legacy by Turing for epistemology of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive science? Of course, we could see it in the ideas set out in his well-known article of 1950, Computing Machinery and Intelligence. But how could his imitation game, and its following evolution in what we know as Turing Test, still be so relevant? What we want to argue is that the nature of imitation game as a method for evaluating research on intelligent artifacts, has not its core specifically in (natural) language capability as a way of showing the presence of intelligence in a certain entity, but in the interaction between human being and machines. Human-computer interaction is a particular field in information science for many important practical respects, but interaction between human being and machines is the deepest sense of Turing’s ideas on evaluation of intelligent behavior and entities, within and beyond its connection with natural language. And from this point of view it could be methodologically and epistemologically useful for further research in every discipline involving machine and artificial artifacts, especially as concerns the very current subject of consciousness and qualia. In what follows we will try to argue such a perspective by showing some field in which interaction, in connection with different sorts of language, could be of interest in the spirit of Turing’s 1950 article
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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