1,721,402 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gli ellagitannini di Punica granatum antagonizzano la risposta immune innata nella malaria
No full textIl pericarpo del frutto immaturo di Punica granatum (P.g.) L. è usato in una formulazione per la terapia e la profilassi malarica in Orissa, una regione dell’India. La malaria cerebrale è una complicanza grave dovuta alla citoaderenza di Plasmodium falciparum ai vasi cerebrali e all’eccesso di risposta infiammatoria, associata ad una sovraproduzione di mediatori tra cui metalloproteasi-9 (MMP-9) e TNF. Studi recenti hanno dimostrato l’attività antiplasmodio di P.g. in vitro [1]. Lo scopo del presente studio è stato di esplorare se oltre all’effetto antimalarico, P.g. potesse modulare la risposta immune dell’ospite. A tal fine si è preparata una frazione arricchita in tannini (P.g.-FRT) dall’estratto metanolico del pericarpo. L’espressione genica e la secrezione di MMP-9 sono state valutate in cellule THP-1 stimolate con il pigmento malarico (emozoina, 6 μg/ml). Per valutare se i meccanismi molecolari alla base dell’effetto coinvolgessero il fattore nucleare di trascrizione NF-kB, abbiamo valutato l’effetto delle molecole sul promotore di NF-kB in seguito a stimolo con emozoina. I saggi sono stati condotti su P.g.-FRT e sui costituenti principali della frazione: acido ellagico e punicalagina. Inoltre, è stato valutato anche l’effetto delle urolitine, i metaboliti intestinali degli ellagitannini. P.g.-FRT (50 e 100 μg/ml) inibisce la secrezione di MMP-9 indotta da emozoina rispettivamente del 78% e 95%; l’effetto osservato è ascrivibile alla presenza di punicalagina e acido ellagico poichè tali sostanze riducono la secrezione dell’enzima rispettivamente del 79% e 66% a 10 μM. L’effetto osservato sulla secrezione di MMP-9 sembra essere dovuto ad una diminuzione dell’espressione genica in quanto FRT e i composti puri, alle medesime concentrazioni, diminuiscono i livelli di mRNA di MMP-9 e inibiscono l’attività del promotore di MMP-9. Anche le urolitine (25 μM) inibiscono l’espressione e la secrezione di MMP-9. FRT, acido ellagico e punicalagina riducono l’attività del promotore di NF-kB, suggerendo un coinvolgimento di questo fattore di trascrizione nei meccanismi alla base dell’attività biologica osservata.
Gli effetti benefici del pericarpo di P.g. nel trattamento della malaria sono quindi in relazione sia all’attività diretta sul parassita sia all’inibizione di uno dei meccanismi pro-infiammatori coinvolti nell’insorgenza della malaria cerebrale. Riferimenti [1] M. Dell’Agli, G.V. Galli, Y. Corbett, D. Taramelli, L. Lucantoni, A. Habluetzel, O. Maschi, D. Caruso, S. Giavarini, S. Romeo, D. Bhattacharya, E. Bosisio Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009, 125, pag. 27
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Global Financial and Economic Crisis: Exploring The Resilience of The Least Developed Countries
No full textt is often argued that strong macroeconomic fundamentals along with weak integration with international financial markets acted as major buffers for least developed countries (LDCs) against fallouts of the recent global financial and economic crisis. This paper examines the hypothesis that LDCs had strong macroeconomic fundamentals in the wake of the crisis by studying Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) of Gross Domestic Product per capita of the LDCs during the crisis. With the treatment of the crisis as a transmission of shocks and utilisation of IRFs, the paper finds substantial and rather persistent output and growth loss for LDCs because of fall in external demand and terms of trade shocks. With the forecast of the impacts of a potential ‘double-dip’ recession on the LDCs by using Vector Autoregressive, the paper concludes that LDCs would require the greater part of the decade to recover which is lower than the earlier recovery period
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Assessing the Impact of the Global Economic and Financial Crisis on Bangladesh: An Intervention Analysis
Full text linkThe global financial and economic crisis had a lagged impact on the economy of Bangladesh, resulting in declines in export, import, foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign aid inflows. All these had concomitant negative effects on the country’s various socio-economic indicators including the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and per capita income. While a number of papers have used descriptive analysis to investigate the sectoral impacts of the crisis in Bangladesh, this paper incorporates an Intervention Analysis approach with Vector Autoregression to extend a Solow growth model to explore the impact of the global crisis on the key economic indicators of Bangladesh. The study finds that due to the crisis, Bangladesh lost approximately 0.60 per cent of real GDP per capita growth in 2009; equivalent to a loss of USD 2 billion in real GDP
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