1,720,987 research outputs found
LA COPPETTA MESTRUALE: UNA VALIDA ALTERNATIVA AD ASSORBENTI E TAMPONI. DONNE E OSTETRICHE A CONFRONTO
No full textA menstrual cup is a cup or barrier worn inside the vagina to collect menstrual fluid, it is an alternative to pads and tampons and it was invented in the 30s, but only recently is spreading in Italy. Unlike sanitary napkin it is reusable and it can last up to 10 years, so that it is very economical and environmental friendly.
The aim of the study is to understand whether a menstrual cup may be a valid alternative to pads and tampons and evaluate if it is known among the midwives.
Two questionnaires have been developed: one for women and one for midwives.
The women’s one investigates the use of the menstrual cup, its comfort and efficiency, the presence of difficulties during insertion and removal; at last asks women who don’t use a menstrual cup if they would like to try it and if not requires a reason.
The midwives’ one investigates their knowledge about menstrual cups, so technical questions have been demanded and finally they were asked what kind of woman they would recommend it to.
1190 women have answered the questionnaire and the ones who use menstrual cups are overall satisfied, even if they had difficulties with insertion and removal at the beginning, and nearly all of them will keep on using it and would recommend it to other women. One half of the women who don’t use a menstrual cup would like to try it and the other half says they wouldn’t like it because they think it is unhygienic and uncomfortable.
514 midwives answered the questionnaire and most of them are aware about menstrual cups and their technical aspects; there is some gap about the existence of different models of menstrual cups, who is indicated for and about the cleaning.
To conclude a menstrual cup can be a valid alternative to pads and tampons and most of the midwives would recommend it to all woman or only to the ones who have confidence with their body, just a few midwives wouldn’t recommend a menstrual cup at all
La scelta delle madri di non allattare, studio epidemiologico presso la Clinica Mangiagalli
No full textNonostante i noti benefici del latte materno e dell’allattamento, alcune madri scelgono di non allattare al seno il proprio bambino, preferendo ad esso l’allattamento artificiale.
Studi internazionali hanno identificato i fattori che influenzano la decisione di allattare al seno; tuttavia, la scarsa conoscenza di questo fenomeno e la sociale considerazione “negativa” della madre che non allatta, hanno suscitato l’interesse per la realizzazione di questo studio.
Il campione studiato è rappresentato dalle donne che non hanno allattato al seno per scelta nella Clinica Mangiagalli di Milano, dal 10 maggio al 10 agosto 2011.
Lo studio si prepone di stimare la prevalenza del fenomeno in studio, osservare l’epidemiologia del fenomeno, individuare alcune delle motivazioni che spingono le donne a prendere questa scelta e considerare il coinvolgimento degli operatori sanitari, in particolare dell’ostetrica nella decisione delle donne di non allattare.
I dati sono stati raccolti tramite un questionario e un’intervista semistrutturata, somministrati individualmente a ciascuna donna coinvolta nello studio.
La prevalenza del campione è risultata del 3%. I fattori epidemiologici di cui si può ipotizzare un’associazione alla scelta di non allattare sono stati: la pluriparità, l’aver vissuto precedenti allattamenti difficoltosi, aver affrontato un taglio cesareo programmato, non aver frequentato alcun corso pre parto e la scarsa informazione sull’allattamento al seno. Le motivazioni personali più riportate dalle madri sono state: aver incontrato difficoltà con l’allattamento precedente, aver considerato l’allattamento artificiale il metodo più pratico, aver ricevuto suggerimenti dagli operatori sanitari e avere un’avversione personale all’allattamento materno.
I fattori psicologici, come l’avversione personale all’allattamento o il non essere state allattate dalle proprie madri, rimangono fenomeni poco conosciuti e pertanto meritano studi approfonditi. Si ipotizzano dei piani di assistenza per le donne in maternità, rivolti in particolare alle ostetriche, con lo scopo di garantire la miglior informazione sull’allattamento al seno e la sua promozione affinché le madri possano sostenere una scelta informata e consapevole
L'ostetrica e lo spazio giovani nei consultori : analisi dei bisogni degli adolescenti e progetto di miglioramento dei servizi
No full textLo studio è stato condotto per comprendere il grado di conoscenza e il conseguente utilizzo da parte degli adolescenti degli Spazi Giovani istituiti all’interno dei consultori, strutture valide e da valorizzare, dove l’Ostetrica attua progetti di prevenzione e sostegno orientati alle diverse problematiche del mondo giovanile.
Dopo una verifica di quanto i servizi consultoriali sul territorio di Milano e Saronno offrono ai giovani, sono stati somministrati 225 questionari ad adolescenti di età compresa tra i 15 e 20 anni per verificare quale fosse la loro idea rispetto a questo servizio, quali i motivi dell’eventuale utilizzo e quali le aspettative rispetto ai loro bisogni.
Prendendo spunto dalle risposte fornite dai giovani e dal contatto con diversi progetti in atto, si evidenza una non conoscenza di questa realtà costruita ad hoc per loro, si riconosce il bisogno di intervenire e si formulano diverse proposte operative
EDUCAZIONE ALL’AFFETTIVITÀ E ALLA SESSUALITÀ: analisi delle conoscenze dei ragazzi delle scuole medie e ruolo educativo dell’ostetrica
No full textIntroduction - Many global organizations, including the WHO, declare the importance of emotional and sexual education for young people in schools and communities in order to ensure them a good sexual and reproductive health. Throughout Europe there is the need to make sex education a compulsory subject in both primary and secondary school, with minimum standards and educational objectives defined and shared, as in Germany, France, Netherlands and Sweden. In Italy, although the importance of emotional and sexual education is recognized, there has been no attempt to make this type of education compulsory in the schools, where education courses on these subjects are offered on a voluntary basis of individual schools and / or at the complete discretion of the teachers.
Purposes
The aim of this study is to verify knowledge that students have about sexuality after different school programs led them to participate in a course of emotional and sexual education either held by midwives, psychologists or not to participate to any course at all. Secondly, this study wants to understand whether courses led by different professionals deliver different contents and / or treat different topics.
Methods
250 boys and girls from the 7th and 8th grade middle school classes of three different schools in the city of Milan and Melegnano (MI) have been involved in the research. The students of the first school have attended classes held by two practicing midwives of the University of Milan. In the second school the course was conducted by psychologists, while in the third school there had been no course at all of emotional and sexual education during the academic year in 2013/2014. The data were collected during the months of May and June 2014 by administrating an anonymous multiple choice questionnaire.Results
All the students agree that it is necessary to speak of emotional and sexual education in school, since they believe that sexual education makes young people more aware and confident of their choices. However different sexual knowledge and attitudes among students of the three schools emerged. The students of the first school are much better prepared in anatomy and physiology of the male and female genital apparatus, in the use of contraception, pregnancy and abortion. The students of the first school also have scientific knowledge on sexuality, while students of the second and third school have vague and partly untrue beliefs about it.
Conclusions
It therefore appears that midwives can absolutely be considered the key figure in the field of emotional and sexual education. In fact midwives have the knowledge, qualities and skills that this delicate type of educational role requires. Midwives are health professionals and during meetings of emotional and sexual education in schools they promote sexual and reproductive health of adolescents giving them the tools to live a satisfying and aware sex life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Allattamento revisioni e aggiornamenti
No full textAim and objective. To assess the accuracy of a reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score (BAS) in a group of Italian women; the reduced BAS considers only 5 of the 8 original BAS items studied, those not indicating a pathology.
Background. The WHO and many Professional Organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life because of its many benefits for mother and child.
A prognostic approach that identifies mothers at increased risk of early breastfeeding cessation is needed in order to provide preventive support. The BAS, elaborated in Kansas, is useful to this approach.
Design. This is a descriptive, prospective study. This study involves two Italian hospitals.
Method. We included healthy Italian mothers who gave birth from July 7, 2008 to January 15, 2009. The exclusion criteria on the convenience sample were: non-Italian nationality, birth under 36 wks and twin birth. The authors calculated a reduced BAS (“reduced” because the original 8 items studied by Hall, were reduced to 5) 48 hours after birth. After 4 weeks a structured follow-up telephone interview was carried out: the primary outcome was breastfeeding cessation (including mixed feeding).
Results. We recruited 386 women, with 6 lost during follow-up. Out of 380 women, 127 (33.4%) stopped breastfeeding. With a cut off point of 8, the reduced BAS sensitivity was 52.0%, which increased to 77.9% by using a cut-off point of 9. We also calculated a modified BAS with different age categories, which is adequate based on the Italian situation: in this case sensitivity was 70.1%. This study suggests that a reduced BAS with a different cut-off point or modified with a different age classification is useful in identifying Italian mothers who will discontinue breastfeeding, as in both cases sensitivity does increase.
Relevance to clinical practice. Italian midwives could use this modified BAS to identify mothers at increased risk of early breastfeeding cessation needing special support.
Key words: Breastfeeding Assessment Score, Breastfeeding cessation, Breastfeeding suppor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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