1,721,343 research outputs found
USA and France: dynamics of cooperation and presidencies of D. Trump and E. Macron
No full textThe article is devoted to investigation of cooperation between presidents Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron. The views of two presidents on global issues are studied; convergent and divergent elements of their positions regarding international questions have been highlighted. A certain discrepancy between the approaches of Trump and Macron in assessing the contemporary role of international organizations has been defined. The opposite stands of the two presidents have been revealed as follows: the policy of realism, protection of national interests and certain isolationism of D. Trump and the policy of idealism, interdependence and common resolving of the contemporary global issues of E. Macron. The approaches of Trump and Macron concerning the USA-France relations significance have been analyzed. The opposed positions of the two presidents towards the Paris agreement on climate change, which was signed by almost all countries of the world, have been highlighted.
It is concluded that despite their personal sympathies, D. Trump and E. Macron need to maintain an active dialogue, having the necessity to cooperate in resolving global challenges. Trump, being the leader of the single world superpower, is interested in continuing the partnership with the oldest ally, France, refreshing the Europeans’ memory on the topical need to increase their responsibility for their own destiny, rather than continuing to exist depending on American umbrella protection. E. Macron, having conceptual differences with D. Trump in approaches on a number of issues, such as the future of the Paris Agreement, believes that it is useful to negotiate with Trump and hopes that the American president would be able to hear the arguments of France
U.S. multilateral trade strategies in Asia-Pacific: from G. H. W. Bush to D. Trump
No full textThe paper studies U.S. multilateral regional trade strategies in Asia Pacific during G. H. W. Bush, B. Clinton, G. W. Bush, B. Obama and D. Trump administrations. Based on a study of primary and secondary sources and a comparative analysis, the research defines continuity and differences in the administrations’ policies in implementation of multilateral regional trade strategies, as well as their impact on regional economic integration and U.S. role in it. The study provides a background for better understanding of D. Trump’s actions to withdraw U.S. from multilateral trade agreement Trans-Pacific Partnership. As a result of the research, we concluded the following. First, Asian Pacific region occupied higher priority in the U.S. trade policy agenda during Democratic Party administrations of B. Clinton and B. Obama than Republican administrations of G. H. W. Bush and G. W. Bush. Second, Democratic administrations used multilateral trade strategies and institutions more effectively not only with economic purposes but also as tools to engage U.S. in the shaping of regional architecture. Bilateral trade negotiations with regional nations were more preferable during Republican administrations and after economic crises. Thus, on the one hand, D. Trump’s trade policy partly correlates with previous Republican Party administrations. On the other hand, it contradicts trade strategies of all his predecessors, because they used foreign trade not only for trade purposes, but also for preserving and strengthening U.S.’ impact in East Asia with “soft power” tools. D. Trump’s trade policy, which is aimed at reaching short-termed goals, endangers American strategic interests and promotes China’s regional influence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TRADE WAR BETWEEN USA AND PRC DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF D. TRUMP
No full textСтатья посвящена торговой войне между США и КНР, которая была
инициирована президентом Д.Трампом. Автор приводит слова будущего президента США,
сказанные в ходе предвыборной кампании, о необходимости защитить американские
национальные интересы в области торговли. Автор рассматривает также аналогичную ситуацию, сложившуюся в США в конце 1920-х годов, которая привела к введению
торговых пошлин и Великой депрессииThe article is dedicated to the trade war between the United States and China, which
was initiated by President D. Trump. The author quotes the words of the future US president, said
during the election campaign, about the need to protect American national interests in the field of
trade. The author also considers a similar situation in the USA in the late 1920s, which led to the
introduction of trade duties and the Great Depression554-55
Enhancing current practice from the natural and manmade hazards domain to pandemic: Insights from the Italian case
No full textThe EU Public Diplomacy in the United States under the D. Trump Administration: Challenges, Key Projects and Outcomes
Full text linkPublic diplomacy is one of the key foreign policy instruments of the European Union for strengthening its international stance. In that regard, Brussels pays special attention to ensuring trust-based relations with the United States, which traditionally acts as the EU’s leading trade and military partner. The apparent cooling in transatlantic relations provoked by harmful rhetoric and practices of D. Trump administration forced the EU to focus on non-traditional channels of interacting with the American audience. In this context, the analysis of the EU’s attempts to adapt its public diplomacy programmes in the United States to the new realities is of particular interest. The first section outlines the political, economic, administrative, and image risks faced by EU diplomats in this area during the presidency of D. Trump (2017−2020). The second section examines the main thematic priorities, mechanisms and projects of the EU public diplomacy aimed at the American audience. The author argues that during the period under review the EU placed special emphasis on advocacy, cultural diplomacy, and exchange programmes for young people. The author concludes that, although European diplomats failed to achieve a qualitative improvement in transatlantic relations during D. Trump’s tenure, the EU public diplomacy demonstrated resilience and flexibility in the face of adverse circumstances. Indeed, the EU diplomats proved their creativity in developing innovative programmes which can be instrumental for future development of the EU public diplomacy in general
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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