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Caracterización funcional de una colección de germoplasma de olivo silvestre para la mejora del olivar
No full text357 páginas.- Memoria de Tesis presentada para la obtención del Título de Doctor por la Universidad de Sevilla. .- Tutora de la tesis: María Rosario Álvarez Morales (Universidad de Sevilla)[EN]: This PhD Thesis addresses the creation of a collection of wild olive germplasm belonging to all subspecies of Olea europaea, as well as the subsequent genetic, morphological and physiological characterization of the different genotypes, mainly focused on their future use in olive breeding and cultivation. First, we collected the plant material (seeds obtained from mother trees) in different regions of the Mediterranean Basin, as well as seeds from different world germplasm banks. Then, the in-vitro culture process was finetuned, including the seedling establishment, micropropagation, elongation and rooting of the wild genotypes and olive cultivars, giving rise to the SILVOLIVE collection. Optimization of the illumination procedure using LED lamps and comparison with traditional phluorescent lamps was carried out (Chapter 1). Once the collection was established and a suitable number of explants was obtained, plants were rooted and acclimatized ex-vitro for further genotypic and phenotypic characterization (Chapter 2). The collection of wild olive genotypes exhibited high genetic and morphologic variability. When used as rootstocks of the cultivar ‘Picual’ some cultivars transmited features such as reduced vigor to the grafted scion, suggesting their potential use to improve high-density olive cultivation. Water consumption of the wild olive genotypes was studied under optimal (field capacity) and deficit (60% of field capacity) irrigation, showing the occurrence of genotypes with lower water consumption and higher resistance to water deficit (Annex I). These results were the starting point for a subsequent study that was conducted in collaboration with the Group of Dr. Antonio Díaz-Espejo from IRNAS-CSIC and published by Hernández-Santana et al., (2019). Next, the potential use of wild olive genotypes as rootstocks to improve the agronomic quality of grafted cultivars (‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina’) was assessed under controlled (greenhouse) and field (high-density cultivation) conditions. In addition, ungrafted wild genotypes were also grown in the field under a super-intensive plantation system where a vigor study was carried out between 2015 and 2018. As a result, in 2020 we selected low vigor genotypes, which were grafted with ‘Arbequina’ cultivar in the field under a super-intensive plantation system, identifying dwarfing rootstocks that can transmit low vigor to the grafted cultivars (Chapter 3). Regarding the potential use of wild genotypes as rootstocks to control olive Verticillium wilt, the susceptibility to the defoliating Abstract 23 pathotype of Verticillium dahliae was evaluated. Genotypes of very low susceptibility to V. dahliae were identified which exhibited no symptoms of the disease and reduced the density of the pathogen in the plant by means of two different defense strategies: avoidance/resistance and tolerance (Chapter 4). Finally, the susceptible cultivar ‘Picual’ was grafted onto wild olive geneotypes of very low susceptibility to determine the ability of the rootstock to transfer the resistance to the grafted cultivar. Our results confirmed that avoidant/resistant rootstocks are more effective than tolerant rootstocks in reducing the susceptibility of the grafted plant to V dahliae. (Chapter 5).[ES]: En esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo la obtención y caracterización morfológica, fisiológica y molecular de una colección de germoplasma de variedades silvestres de olivo pertenecientes a las distintas subespecies de Olea europaea. Se realizaron prospecciones directas del material vegetal de partida (semillas procedentes de árboles madre) en distintas regiones de la cuenca mediterránea y también se recolectaron semillas en diferentes bancos mundiales de germoplasmas de olivo. A continuación, se puso a punto el proceso de conservación del germoplasma in-vitro, incluyedo el establecimiento, multiplicación, crecimiento y conservación de estos genotipos silvestres, así como de diferentes cultivares maduros, generándose así la colección SILVOLIVE. Se llevó a cabo el estudio de las características lumínicas óptimas para el cultivo in-vitro del olivo mediante el empleo de luces LEDs (Capítulo 1). Una vez establecida la colección y obtenido el número adecuado de individuos de cada genotipo silvestre, los microtallos se enraizaron y aclimataron ex-vitro. Una vez crecidas las plantas durante al menos un año, los genotipos silvestres se caracterizaron genotípica y fenotípicamente (Capítulo 2). Se constató una alta variabilidad genética y morfológica en la colección. Al comprobar que algunos genotipos eran capaces de transmitir caracteres de vigor reducido a la variedad ‘Picual’ injertada sobre ellos, se planteó su potencial uso como portainjertos para sistemas de cultivo intensivo y superintensivo. Además, se estudió el consumo hídrico de los distintos genotipos silvestres bajo condiciones de irrigación óptima (capacidad de campo) y bajo riego deficitario o déficit hídrico moderado (60% de capacidad de campo), demostrando la existencia de genotipos diferenciados por el consumo hídrico y la tolerancia al déficit hídrico (Anexo I). Estos resultados fueron la base para la caracterización fisiológica de la colección SILVOLIVE llevada a cabo en colaboración con el grupo del Dr. Antonio Díaz Espejo del IRNAS-CSIC y publicada por Hernández-Santana et al., (2019). Posteriormente se evaluó el uso potencial de los genotipos silvestres como portainjertos capaces de reducir el vigor de la variedad injertada en condiciones controladas de invernadero y en condiciones de campo en cultivo de alta densidad. Por un lado, se injertaron los cultivares ‘Picual’ y ‘Arbequina’ sobre los genotipos silvestres en maceta, y posteriormente se traspasaron a campo. Paralelamente, los genotipos silvestres sin injertar se plantaron bajo un marco de plantación super-intensivo y se realizó un estudio de vigor entre 2015 y 2018. Ello permitió seleccionar en 2020 los genotipos de bajo vigor que se injertaron con el cultivar ‘Arbequina’ en campo, en condiciones de alta densidad de plantación, identificándose portainjertos enanizantes capaces de transmitir vigor reducido a los cultivares injertados (Capítulo 3). En relación al uso potencial de los genotipos silvestres como portainjertos para el control de la Verticilosis, se evaluó su susceptibilidad al patotipo defoliante de V. dahliae, lo que permitió identificar genotipos resistentes al hongo que no presentaban síntomas de la enfermedad, o los síntomas eran reducidos, y limitaban el desarrollo del hongo mediante dos estrategias (resistencia o prevención de la proliferación del hongo frente a tolerancia al hongo; Capítulo 4). Por último, el cultivar susceptible ‘Picual’ se injertó sobre genotipos silvestres clasificados previamente como de susceptibilidad muy reducida a V. dahliae para determinar la capacidad de los genotipos de transferir la resistencia al cultivar injertado. Se observó que los portainjertos resistentes, pero no los tolerantes, controlaban la aparición de síntomas de Verticilosis en el cultivar ‘Picual’ (Capítulo 5).Peer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of AtSLAH4, a root anion cannel involved in net chloride uptake
No full textPóster nº 27 presentado en la S-VII de la XIV Reunión de Biología Molecular de Plantas 4-6 de Julio 2018 Salamanca (España)Although generally considered a toxic anion, we have shown that besides of an essential micronutrient, Chloride (Cl-) is a beneficial macronutrient (Franco-Navarro et al. 2016). Optimal growth of plants requires the synchronic supply of both Cl- and nitrate (NO3-) molecules, but salt stress causes excessive accumulation of Cl- in leaves, which can produce ion toxicity in Cl-sensitive crops such as citrus and grapevine.
Apart from the control of stomatal closure, members of the SLAC/SLAH family of slow-type anion channels are involved in the regulation of NO3- and Cl- homeostasis in the root, including root-to-shoot transport and NO3- vs. Cl- discrimination according to environmental cues (Cubero-Font et al. 2016). AtSLAH3 mediates the loading of anions into xylem vessels, with a high discrimination of NO3- over Cl-. Under optimal growing conditions, high expression of AtSLAH1 and SLAH1/SLAH3 heteromerization increase by seven times the Cl- conductance of SLAH3. Salinity and water deficit abolish AtSLAH1 expression in an ABA-dependent manner, strongly reducing root-to-shoot translocation of Cl- under abiotic stress (Cubero-Font et al. 2016).Cubero-Font, P (2017) PhD Thesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
Cubero-Font P, Maierhofer T, Jaslan J, Rosales Miguel A, Espartero J, Díaz-Rueda P, Müller Heike M, Hürter A-L, Al-Rasheid Khaled AS, Marten I, Hedrich R, Colmenero-Flores José M, Geiger D (2016). Current Biology 26 (16):2213-2220. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.045
Franco-Navarro JD, Brumos J, Rosales MA, Cubero-Font P, Talon M, Colmenero-Flores JM (2016). Journal of Experimental Botany 67(3): 873-891. doi:10.1093/jxb/erv502This work has been supported by the MINECO-FEDER grants AGL2009-08339/AGR, AGL2015-71386-R and the National Network BIO2014-56153-REDT. PC-F has been supported by the CSIC JAE-Predoc and the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD
fellowshipsN
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluation of the SILVOLIVE wild olive collection for resistance to Verticillium dahliae
No full textPóster presentado en Olivebioteq 2018, the 6th International Conference on Olive Management and Olive Products, held in Seville, Spain, on 15th-19th October 2018.In recent years, the olive cultivation model has undergone a change from the traditional cropping model under rain-fed regime to intensive and super-intensive olive groves subjected to fertilization and irrigation. This has enhanced the proliferation of soilborne fungi like Verticillium dahliae causing verticillium wilt, currently the most threatening disease for olive crops in Spain due to the rapidity of its extension and the severity of its damage. Moreover, the most widely planted olive cultivars (Picual, Hojiblanca and Arbequina) are susceptible or very susceptible to the disease, especially under intensive conditions. We aim to take advantage of the genetic variability present in the wild subspecies of Olea europaea to identify and characterize wild olive genotypes with a high resistance to the verticillium wilt disease.
The SILVOLIVE collection consists of 149 genotypes from all known subspecies of Olea europaea described so far, including the subspecies: europaea, laperrinei, cuspidata, cerasiformis, guanchica and maroccana. These genotypes were prospected from world olive germplasm collections (Córdoba and Marrakech) and different regions of Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. Susceptibility to V. dahliae of 56 wild olive genotypes has been evaluated under controlled conditions inoculating six-month-old olive plants with a cotton defoliating isolate of V. dahliae (V117). After root inoculation of the fungus (107 conidia ml-1), quantification by qPCR at 35 and 120 days after inoculation, and analysis of symptoms in aerial organs, three genotypes showed high resistance/tolerance indexes. These genotypes can be used as high tolerance rootstocks as a control strategy for the growth of commercial and productive olive cultivars.Peer Reviewe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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