1,721,135 research outputs found
Current epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment and other predementia syndromes2
No full textA variety of clinically-defined predementia syndromes, with differing diagnostic criteria and nomenclature, have been proposed to describe nondisabling symptomatic cognitive deficits arising in elderly persons. Incidence and prevalence of different predementia syndromes vary as a result of different diagnostic criteria, sampling, and assessment procedures. The incidence rates of all predementia syndromes increase with age and are higher in subjects with less education; but age, educational background, and gender are not consistently related to prevalence rates. There is particular interest in "Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)" because this predementia syndrome is thought to be a prodromal phase of Alzheimer disease (AD). Several studies have suggested that most patients who meet MCI criteria will progress to AD, but rates of conversion to AD and dementia vary widely among studies. Furthermore, MCI definition is less consistent in population-based studies than clinical studies, in which progression to AD is also more consistent. To clarify the sources of discrepant findings in the literature, this review summarizes existing epidemiological studies of the defined clinical predementia syndromes and their progression to dementia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cerebrovascular disease in the elderly: Lipoprotein metabolism and cognitive decline [Malattiacerebrovascolare nell'anziano: Metabolismo lipoproteico e declino cognitivo]
No full text
Whole-diet approach, Mediterranean diet, and Alzheimer disease.
No full textVery recently, Scarmeas and colleagues reported the results of a community-based study involving 2258 nondemented individuals in New York in which adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MeDi) was associated with significant reduction in risk for incident Alzheimer disease. Scarmeas and colleagues used in this report a scale indicating the degree of adherence to the traditional MeDi: a value of 0 or 1 was assigned to each of 9 indicated components with the use of the sex-specific median as the cut-off.However, in the study of Scarmeas and colleagues, the ratio of the median daily intake of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (one of the hallmarks of the MeDi) for individual food categories by MeDi score tertiles was <1 and overall about times lower than the same value calculated from other studies on MeDi.In the last years, the study approach was to associate single micronutrients or macronutrients to age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, or vascular dementia. Findings from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging demonstrated that in a 8.5-year follow-up, high monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and total energy intake was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance in time.5 Furthermore, in the same sample, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared to have a borderline nonsignificant trend for a protective effect against the development of mild cognitive impairment
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