1,721,255 research outputs found
Structural communities in Italian Computer Science academia: Which relation with scientists’ socio academic and personal data? What impact on performance?
No full textUntil now, the literature on community detection in informetrics has focused its attention mainly on the development of faster and reliable algorithms, and on the comparison between structural communities (detected from co-authorship networks) and topic communities (detected from “author-topic” networks).
To the best of our knowledge, only a work by Marko A. Rodriguez and Alberto Pepe (2008) investigates the relation between structural communities, detected from the co-authorship network, and socioacademic communities, identified by the scientists’ academic rank and university. While this study focuses only on the comparison between these two communities, the one that we propose investigates how the membership in a socio-academic community could impact on the membership in a structural community. In this work we analyze the relation between some socio-academic data, and some characteristics of the structural communities such as size, cohesion, and diversity (resulting from the analysis of gender, nationality, and university of each member of a structural community). In addition to the socio-academic data, we evaluate also the impact of other scientists’ personal data, such as gender and age, on the above said characteristics of their structural communities. The analysis of the impact of scientists’ socio-academic and personal data could improve our knowledge about the development of research teams and scientist social capital, whose importance has been growing in the last decades, given the increasingly collaborative nature of science. We are interested also in investigating the impact of the structural communities’ characteristics on the scientists’ performance. Even if the relation between scientists’ social capital and their productivity has been widely discussed in the literature, so far no one has analyzed the impact of the membership in structural community on performance. In order to answer these research questions, we collect personal and socio-academic data of all the population of Italian Computer Science academics (almost 800 assistant, associate and full professors). Then, we detect via Scopus their relevant co-authors in 2006-2010, i.e. the scientists who have co-authored at least three of their publications in this period, with an Italian Computer Science academic. Next, we collect via Scopus the complete list of publications of Italian Computer Science academics and of their relevant co-authors. We then construct an “author-publication” matrix of dimensions m×n, with m higher than 2,300 and n higher than 135,000. We employ different community detection algorithms, choosing among edge, betweenness, fast greedy, leading eigenvector, label propagation, walk trap, and spinglass, to assign a structural community to each scientist in the network. In order to adopt a more reliable indicator, scientists’ performance is measured by Fractional Scientific Strength (Abramo et al., 2013) starting from the 2006-2010 publications indexed in WoS
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Hybrid Light Aircraft
No full textThis paper presents the design of a Permanent Magnet synchronous machine for integration into hybrid propulsion system of a light aircraft.A performance analysis to satisfy the power deficit between propeller and Internal Combustion Engine was carried out. A machine with surface permanent magnets and concentrated windings has been designed. The goal was to define a motor focusing on the key points of performance and reliability. A carbon fiber sleeve has been inserted in rotor core in order to guarantee the holding of the magnets at high speed and ensure even higher reliability. Requirements are fully satisfied at rated and peak power and the motor encumbrance is within the imposed values. Moreover, a thermal analysis of the liquid cooled machine has been carried out in order to verify the temperatures during its operation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Screening by coral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromoproteins supports a role in photoprotection of zooxanthellae
Full text linkGreen fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments are responsible for the vivid colouration of many reef-building corals and have been proposed to act as photoprotectants. Their role remains controversial because the functional mechanism has not been elucidated. We provide direct evidence to support a photoprotective role of the non-fluorescent chromoproteins (CPs) that form a biochemically and photophysically distinct group of GFP-like proteins. Based on observations of Acropora nobilis from the Great Barrier Reef, we explored the photoprotective role of CPs by analysing five coral species under controlled conditions. In vitro and in hospite analyses of chlorophyll excitation demonstrate that screening by CPs leads to a reduction in chlorophyll excitation corresponding to the spectral properties of the specific CPs present in the coral tissues. Between 562 and 586 nm, the CPs maximal absorption range, there was an up to 50 % reduction of chlorophyll excitation. The screening was consistent for established and regenerating tissue and amongst symbiont clades A, C and D. Moreover, among two differently pigmented morphs of Acropora valida grown under identical light conditions and hosting subclade type C3 symbionts, high CP expression correlated with reduced photodamage under acute light stress
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gender differences in research collaboration
Full text linkThe debate on the role of women in the academic world has focused on various phenomena that could be at the root of the gender gap seen in many nations. However, in spite of the ever more collaborative character of scientific research, the issue of gender aspects in research collaborations has been treated in a marginal manner. In this article we apply an innovative bibliometric approach based on the propensity for collaboration by individual academics, which permits measurement of gender differences in the propensity to collaborate by fields, disciplines and forms of collaboration: intramural, extramural domestic and international.
The analysis of the scientific production of Italian academics shows that women researchers register a greater capacity to collaborate in all the forms analyzed, with the exception of international collaboration, where there is still a gap in comparison to male colleagues
Variation in research collaboration patterns across academic ranks
No full textThe ability to activate and manage effective collaborations is becoming an
increasingly important criteria in policies on academic career advancement. The rise of such policies leads to development of indicators that permit measurement of the propensity to collaborate for academics of different ranks, and to examine the role of several variables in collaboration, first among these being the researchers’ disciplines. In this work we apply
an innovative bibliometric approach based on individual propensity for collaboration to measure the differences in propensity across academic ranks, by discipline and for choice of collaboration forms—intramural, extramural domestic and international. The analysis is based on the scientific production of Italian academics for the period 2006–2010, totaling over 200,000 publications indexed in Web of Science. It shows that assistant professors register a propensity for intramural collaboration that is clearly greater than for professors of higher ranks. Vice versa, the higher ranks, but not quite so clearly, register greater propensity to collaborate at the international level
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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