1,721,100 research outputs found

    From willow bark to peptides: the ever widening spectrum of NF-κB inhibitors

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    Inflammation disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and inflammatory bowel disease can be considered as 'gene expression' diseases in which the pro-inflammatory gene program of the organism is aberrantly activated. Over the past 20 years, great attention has been given to the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) for its involvement in inflammatory and immune diseases. Recently, several studies have been devoted to the development of new molecules that can prevent the expression of inflammatory genes by targeting NF-κB pathways. Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that these molecules might represent the future class of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Nitric oxide inhibits LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor synthesis in vitro and in vivo

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    The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha synthesis has been studied in vitro and in vivo. The synthesis of TNF-alpha in J774 macrophages stimulated with LPS (0.1 microgram/ml) was increased in concentration-related fashion by NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA (3-30-300 microM) and reduced by either L-arginine (3-30-300 microM) or the NO donor SIN-1 (1-10-100 microM). The level of TNF-alpha in the serum of LPS-challenged rats (6mg/kg/i.p.) was increased in animals pre-treated s.c. with L-NMMA (10 and 50mg/kg) and reduced in those given L-arginine (100 and 300mg/kg). These results show a negative feedback mechanism exhibited by NO on TNF-alpha synthesis suggesting an important regulatory link between NO and TNF-alpha in pathological processe
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