1,720,986 research outputs found
Il neonato con genitali ambigui: diagnosi differenziale e terapia di urgenza nelle prime settimane di vita
No full textIncidence at birth and natural history of cryptorchidism: a study of 10,730 consecutive male infants.
No full textAbstract
Of the 10,730 neonates born in the period 1978-1997 and examined for cryptorchidism (C) at birth, 1387 were pre-term (gestational age 35 yr, newborns from mothers with A Rh positive and B Rh positive blood group. Of the 737 cryptorchid newborns at birth, 613 (83%) were re-examined after 12 months from the expected date of delivery, and those born in the period 1988-1997 were also re-evaluated at 6 months of life. Late spontaneous descent occurred in 464 cases (75.7%), while 149 (24.3%) were still cryptorchid. The incidence of C at 12 months from the expected date of delivery, after survival curve calculation, in term and pre-term infants, was 1.53 and 7.31%, respectively, in the period 1978-1987, and 1.22 and 3.13% respectively, in the 2nd decade (1988-1997). In the groups also examined at 6 months of life, spontaneous descent occurred almost completely within the first 6 months of life in term infants, but not in pre-terms. No evidence of seasonal cyclicity was found. Medical and/or surgical treatment was generally started within 2-4 yr of age earlier in the second decade of the study. In conclusion, the main risk factor for C at birth and at 12 months of life seems to be pre-term birth and low birth weight. If this is associated itself to a higher risk of infertility too, it remains to be defined.
PMID: 12240903 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Early-onset sepsis risk calculator: a review of its effectiveness and comparative study with our evidence-based local guidelines
Full text linkBackground: According to most early-onset sepsis (EOS) management guidelines, approximately 10% of the total
neonatal population are exposed to antibiotics in the first postnatal days with subsequent increase of neonatal and
pediatric comorbidities. A review of literature demonstrates the effectiveness of EOS calculator in reducing
antibiotic overtreatment and NICU admission among neonates ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA); however, some
missed cases of culture-positive EOS have also been described.
Methods: Single-center retrospective study from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 conducted in the
Division of Neonatology at Santa Chiara Hospital (Pisa, Italy). Neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with birth weight ≤ 1500 g,
34–36 weeks’ GA neonates with suspected intraamniotic infection and neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with three clinical
signs of EOS or two signs and one risk factor for EOS receive empirical antibiotics. Neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with
risk factors for EOS or with one clinical indicator of EOS undergo serial measurements of C-reactive protein and
procalcitonin in the first 48–72 h of life; they receive empirical antibiotics in case of abnormalities at blood exams
with one or more clinical signs of EOS. Two hundred sixty-five patients at risk for EOS met inclusion criteria; they
were divided into 3 study groups: 34–36 weeks’ GA newborns (n = 95, group A), ≥ 37 weeks’ GA newborns (n =
170, group B), and ≥ 34 weeks’ GA newborns (n = 265, group A + B). For each group, we compared the number of
patients for which antibiotics would have been needed, based on EOS calculator, and the number of the same
patients we treated with antibiotics during the study period. Comparisons between the groups were performed
using McNemar’s test and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; post-hoc power analysis was carried out to
evaluate the sample sizes.
Results: 32/265 (12.1%) neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA received antibiotics within the first 12 h of life. According to EOS
calculator 55/265 (20.7%) patients would have received antibiotics with EOS incidence 2/1000 live births (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Our evidence-based protocol entails a further decrease of antibiotic overtreatment compared to EOS
calculator. No negative consequences for patients were observed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A proposito di un caso di sindrome adreno-genitale con epatite gigantocellulare associata ad anemia emolitica. Diagnosi e terapia prenatale nella secondogenita affetta
No full textEducation in neonatology by simulation: between reality and declaration of intent
No full textAn unexpected event is not rare in Neonatology and can be dramatic: the operators must act with the right skills and abilities in the shortest time. Often it is a team effort and each member must be trained adequately. According to the "Swiss cheese" model by J. Reason, an accident is never the consequence of a single error, but the very final result of a chain of misunderstandings, irregularities or negligence (cheese holes): several holes allow the final medical error. Therefore, we should avoid those holes in our work. The clinical risk is always around the corner. The legal issues are becoming more and more relevant and lead to a defensive medicine, which is definitely not the best practice. For this reason, raising the safety standards is mandatory. With this purpose, after a decade of experience in "traditional" training courses, we started testing a new strategy of continuous education in Neonatology by means of high-fidelity simulation. Since 2008, we have arranged and managed a Center for Neonatal Simulation and Advanced Training in the Neonatology Unit of the University Hospital of Pisa. We have already delivered courses to pediatricians, neonatologists, anesthesiologists, gynecologists, emergency doctors, midwives and nurses, using an advanced Laerdal SimNewB simulator to teach diagnostic and therapeutic skills or communication strategies. The model has been proposed to the Italian Society of Neonatology and it has been decided to create a Task Force to discuss our model and encourage to use it in other Italian areas
Neonatal outcome in newborns from mothers with endocrinopathies
No full textIntroduction. Hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes are common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Our aim is to evaluate the outcome of newborns from mothers with hypothyroidism and from mothers with gestational diabetes. Patients and methods. The study analysed 216 newborns: 112 from mothers with gestational diabetes and 104 from mothers with hypothyroidism. For each case, we included as a control a newborn of same sex and gestational age from a mother without diabetes or thyreopathy. Results. In newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes there was an increased frequency of hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia, of lower head circumference and of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth or macrosomy (LGA) than controls. The newborns from mothers with hypothyroidism are more frequently SGA or LGA and they have a slightly increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Conclusions. Newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism have an increased risk of being SGA or LGA, and to develop a mild transient hypoglycaemia. Newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus have also an increased risk to develop hypocalcacmia and to have a lower head circumference than controls. Thus, to prevent SGA or LGA births, it is very important an early diagnosis and treatment, and a strict metabolic control of these conditions
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