1,720,963 research outputs found
Conclusion:Mano Dura Policies in Latin America
No full textThis conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book helps us understand the data regarding support for tough-on-crime policies. It also highlights the LAPOP data regarding support for military coups when crime is high. The book highlights the evolution of the drug war and focuses on how Felipe Calderon began tough-on-crime policies in 2006 upon assuming office. It develops the concept of performing punitivism to explore recent tough-on-crime strategies in El Salvador. The book provides an overview of the litany of security challenges facing the country. It provides important insight into the evolution of organized crime and the strategies used by the government to combat criminal actors and guerilla groups. The book provides an overview of gangs, organized crime, and violence in Ecuador. It shows the evolution of tough-on-crime strategies in Argentina, arguing that Argentina’s federal security policies are characterized by continuity rather than change
Introduction: Mano Dura Policies in Latin America
No full textThis chapter explores the historical experiences of a large and heterogeneous number of case studies where mano dura is generally understood to exist, it aspires to find common mechanisms and processes to understand both the rising popularity of these policing initiatives as well as their unintended consequences. It briefly discuss the concept of mano dura and its relevance when analyzing crime policies in LAC. The chapter concisely surveys different theoretical approaches to punitivism and some of the unintended consequences of mano dura beyond the criminal landscape. Scholars have offered different theoretically grounded explanations to understand the role of emotions and other cognitive factors affecting the punishment preferences of individuals. Studies focusing on victimization rates have been at the forefront of the empirical analyses in LAC. The chapter also presents an overview on the key concepts discussed in this book
The cycle of mano dura policies: The militarization of the drug war in Mexico
No full textThis chapter is divided into three main sections. Focusing on Mexico's increasing levels of violence and the role of criminal organizations, the first section explores the origins and modern phase of the war on drugs. It draws on statistical evidence from the LAPOP survey to analyze how these factors affect the public's policy preferences. The Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) also had an intricate relationship with organized crime, particularly with drug trafficking groups. The PRI also had an intricate relationship with organized crime, particularly with drug trafficking groups. The descriptive statistics reveal that Mexicans feel unsafe and are willing to take drastic measures. Drug trafficking, organized crime, and its connected violence will continue in Mexico if the government does not implement reforms to public institutions and attack the high levels of corruption and impunity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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