1,720,954 research outputs found
An Overview of "Doing Gender" in Women's Organizations
No full textUsing a focus of practice-based studies and the phenomenon of gender as a practice, this paper explores how to examine the practice of gender within women’s organizations. The author looks at the impacts of gendered individuals within organizations, questions the contemporary literature on organizing as an inherently masculine space, and explores how gendered organizing impacts predominately female-based organizations in their interactions with male dominated organizations. It concludes that utilizing a practice-based approach to organizing which includes a gendered analysis of practice offers a compelling way to understand gender within NGOs and other organizations focused on women’s issues
THE ANTITHESIS OF ‘BUSINESS AS USUAL’: YOUTH, CLASS, AND VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Get PDFYouth in Tanzania make up the majority of the current growing population and therefore are increasingly a focus of local and international development concern, specifically as the rates of urban growth and unemployment are also increasing. This research builds upon existing anthropological literature, which largely addresses contemporary and urban African youths as “problems” in dire need of governmental intervention and international solutions. Through explorations of the ways in which Tanzanian youth are actively and creatively working to improve their own futures, utilizing their own agency to create opportunities, and solving their own problems in the absence of successful external intercessions, this research eschews these negative stereotypes and offers insights into how innovation and creativity are shaping the lives of Tanzanian youth and their communities during the increasing and prolonged period of youthhood known as “waithood.”
Utilizing ethnographic data collected during eight months of fieldwork in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and methodologies of participant observation, surveys, and approximately 35 semi-structured interviews, this research contributes insights into the changing definition of youth and youthhood, the contemporary trend of youth navigating un/underemployment through avenues of volunteerism, and how local, youth-run NGOs and organizations are developing and utilizing unique methods of organizing to address issues relevant to their own productivity and futures.
Drawing from literature on youth studies, organization studies, social organization, labor, and class, the data collected points to the ways in which volunteering for these youths in Dar es Salaam is shifting from a social based enterprise to a professionalization of non-profit work, leading to a market for volunteering. This market, however, looks different when exploring class differences related to reasons for participating in voluntary labor, varying from required professionalization experiences in order to earn skills to obtain employment, to actually filling in for formal employment for those for which it is not available.
Additionally, this research examines the proliferation of innovative methodologies utilized specifically by youth-run NGOs and organizations, focusing on technologically advanced methods, such as 3D animation, and sports and games. The two organizations presented as case studies demonstrate how each method allows these organizations to conduct the work that many other groups are simultaneously involved in, but in such a way that purports to increase effectiveness, sustainability, and creativity.
Overall, this research lends a voice to the increasing, and dynamic, involvement of Tanzanian youth as leaders in their own futures, in a country where the government and civil sector loudly call for change in the media and in engagements with international governments, but does not follow this with action. I argue that the period of “waithood” for youth in Africa is increasing in length, leading to the need to develop alternative livelihood practices. The youth involved in this research represent the growing nature of the agency of young people, particularly in urban areas like contemporary Dar es Salaam, to challenge the identity of youth and to take up the reins and be proactive in ensuring their own, and their fellow youth community members’, success. By literally changing the way in which volunteering is typically viewed in the Minority World, and exploring new avenues of innovation, these young people are role models for the burgeoning global youth population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Volunteering for a Job: Creativity and Tanzanian Youth
Get PDFThis paper explores motivations behind voluntary activities of youth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, during an increasingly common period of ‘waithood,’ characterized by prolonged status as youth and delay in adulthood due to challenges with unemployment. Drawing on ethnographic anthropological fieldwork conducted in 2019, this paper uses stories of two youths from two youth-led organizations located in Dar es Salaam to explore differing motivations for engaging in volunteering. These examples illustrate how volunteering either acts as a stepping-stone to future employment or as a replacement for formal employment, dependent on class identity. It is argued that for Tanzanian youths, volunteering is a creative response to the challenges of waithood. This paper suggests that policymakers and civil society organizations addressing youth issues in Tanzania should recognize the diverse motivations and creative and strategic dimensions of volunteering to better support young people in navigating waithood and their futures
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