1,720,960 research outputs found
fNIRS & e-drum: An ecological approach to monitor hemodynamic and behavioural effects of rhythmic auditory cueing training
No full textConverging evidence suggests a beneficial effect of rhythmic music-therapy in easing motor dysfunctions. Nevertheless, the neural systems underpinning both the direct effect and the influence of rhythm on movement control and execution during training in ecological settings are still largely unknown. In this study, we propose an ecological approach to monitor brain activity and behavioural performance during rhythmic auditory cueing short-term training. Our approach envisages the combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that allows unconstrained movements of participants, with electronic drum (e-drum), which is an instrument able to collect behavioural tapping data in real time. The behavioural and brain effects of this short-term training were investigated on a group of healthy participants, who well tolerated the experimental settings, since none of them withdrew from the study. The rhythmic auditory cueing short-term training improved beat regularity and decreased group variability. At the group level, the training resulted in a reduction of brain activity primarily in premotor areas. Furthermore, participants with the highest behavioural improvement during training showed the smallest reduction in brain activity. Overall, we conclude that our study could pave the way towards translating the proposed approach to clinical settings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
STUDIO DELLE POTENZIALITA' CLINICO-DIAGNOSTICHE DELLA fNIRS e il suo utilizzo per indagare l'effetto del ritmo sulla facilitazione del movimento
No full textLa modulation du plaisir musical par le partage social : perspectives issues d'études comportementales et d'hyperscanning fNIRS
No full textLa musique est l’un des stimuli les plus plaisants dans la vie humaine. Le plaisir musical active le système de récompense dopaminergique du cerveau, améliorant ainsi la mémorisation de nouvelles informations et favorisant les comportements sociaux. Des études en laboratoire ont montré que le plaisir musical peut être modulé de manière invasive, par stimulation cérébrale ou interventions pharmacologiques. Les neurosciences affectives ont montré que le partage social d’une expérience émotionnelle, même sans interaction directe, peut amplifier les émotions et activer le système de la récompense. L’objectif principal de cette thèse consistait à moduler de manière écologique le plaisir musical et les processus cognitifs et prosociaux associés via le partage social d’une expérience musicale.Dans cet objectif, trois études ont été menées. Dans l'Étude 1, les participants (N = 42) qui écoutaient de la musique en groupe (groupe 1, N = 18; groupe 2, N = 23) ont rapporté un niveau de plaisir réduit par rapport à l'écoute en solitaire. Parmi les facteurs influençant l'appréciation de la musique en groupe, les plus significatifs étaient : la concentration, le sentiment de connexion avec les autres, et l'entrave potentielle des mécanismes de contagion émotionnelle due au port de masques (en période de COVID-19). L'Étude 2 consistait en trois expériences en ligne dans lesquelles les participants (N = 218) avaient l’illusion de partager (ou non) l’écoute de la musique avec d’autres, représentés par des épingles sur une carte de leur pays (France, États-Unis). Les résultats ont montré que le partage social augmentait le plaisir des participants, cet effet étant modulé par la taille du groupe : plus il y avait d’individus connectés simultanément, plus le plaisir rapporté était élevé. De plus, l’augmentation du plaisir améliorait les comportements prosociaux et les performances mnésiques. . L’Étude 3 a investigué l’activité du cortex préfrontal (PFC) liée à ce phénomène de manière noninvasive en utilisant la spectroscopie fonctionnelle du proche infrarouge (fNIRS) dans un cadre d'hyperscanning (i.e. l’observation simultanée de plusieurs cerveaux). Des dyades (N = 34) d’amis écoutaient soit leur musique préférée, soit une musique sélectionnée par l’expérimentateur, ensemble (condition duo) ou seuls (condition solo). L’hyperscanning a permis de mesurer les activations cérébrales fonctionnelles individuelles ainsi que la synchronie neuronale interpersonnelle (INS). Les résultats comportementaux ont montré que le plaisir rapporté différait significativement entre les conditions sociales, avec une légère augmentation du plaisir pour les chansons préférées de l’ami dans la condition duo. Les résultats ont aussi révélé une corrélation intra-dyade des évaluations continues du plaisir durant l'écoute musicale, appelée ‘cohérence du plaisir’, plus marquée dans la condition duo que dans la condition solo. Sur le plan neuronal, le plaisir élevé activait le PFC dorsolatéral dans les deux conditions, mais augmentait l’activité de la totalité du PFC uniquement dans la condition duo. . L’INS était plus élevée dans la condition duo, et était positivement prédite par la cohérence du plaisir dans l’ensemble du PFC uniquement pendant cette condition.Music is one of the most pleasurable stimuli in human life. Musical pleasure activates the brain's dopaminergic reward system, which in turn can enhance the storing of new information and promote social behaviors. Previous research has shown that music-evoked pleasure can be modulated invasively (e.g., via brain stimulation or pharmacological interventions) in the laboratory. Affective neuroscience research has highlighted that socially sharing an emotional experience, even without directly interacting with other individuals, can amplify this emotional experience while activating the brain’s reward system. Based on these previous findings, the main aim of this thesis was to ecologically modulate musical pleasure (and associated cognitive and prosocial processes) through the social sharing of musical experience. To this aim, we conducted three studies. In Study 1, participants (N = 42) listening to music in a group (group 1, N = 18; group 2, N = 23) exhibited reduced pleasure responses compared to listening to music alone. Among the factors affecting the enjoyment of music in a group, the following ones were particularly relevant, such as the ability to concentrate on the stimulus, the feeling of connection with others, and the potential hindrance of emotional contagion mechanisms due to the wearing of face masks. Study 2 therefore consisted of three online experiments in which individuals (N = 218) had the illusions to share (or not) music listening with others, represented by pins on a map of their country (i.e., France and USA). Results showed that social sharing increased participants’ pleasure, with this effect being modulated by the group size: the more individuals were simultaneously (and illusionary) connected, the greater the reported pleasure. Furthermore, the increased pleasure enhanced prosocial behavior and improved memory outcomes. Based on these findings, Study 3 aimed to investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon. We used functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in an hyperscanning setting (i.e., the simultaneous monitoring of multiple brains) to non-invasively monitor the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Dyads (N = 34) of friends listened to either their favorite- or experimenter-selected music together (duo condition) or alone (solo condition). The hyperscanning approach allowed for computing both the individual functional brain activations and the Interpersonal Neural Synchrony (INS). Behavioral results showed that the reported pleasure differed significantly between social conditions only with a slight increase of pleasure for the friend’s favorite songs in the duo (vs solo) condition. Interestingly, results revealed higher intra-dyad coherence of continuous ratings of pleasure provided during music listening, referred to as pleasure coherence, in the duo than the solo condition. Neural findings highlighted that high pleasure activated specifically the dorsolateral PFC across conditions but increased the activity of the entire PFC only in the duo condition
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