381 research outputs found
Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. TakumasaKondo and Gillian W.Watson (Eds). 2022. CABI International. pp. 720, 280 × 225 mm. Colour photographs and drawings. ISBN: 9781800620643. £275.00. Hardback.
No full textBook Review by Melida Moir of Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. Takumasa Kondo and Gillian W. Watson (Eds). 2022. CABI International. pp. 720, 280 × 225 mm. Colour photographs and drawings. ISBN: 9781800620643. £275.00. Hardback.
This large tome provides a species-by-species account of the most economically significant of the pest insects within the infraorder Coccomorpha (mealybugs, scales). This is no small feat, given that, as editors Kondo and Watson note (p. 8), pests consist of \u3e7% of all described Coccomorpha species (~640 of 8436 species). Kondo and Watson enlist a number of other authors for different sections of the book; the 37 authors in total represent 20 countries (p. xxiii), thus giving a very comprehensive coverage of the main pestiferous Coccomorpha globally. However, of the 151 total sections (chapters, subchapters and subsections), Kondo/Watson author or co-author 134 of these. The result is a pleasing consistency in format, wording and presentation across the 720 pages
Key findings from the 2006 Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study
No full textThe HBSC study in Scotland is funded by NHS Health Scotland
Financial safety nets and incentive structures in Latin America
No full textThe literature on safety nets has become technically more precise by drawing on advances in contract theory and optimal governance structure. This paper begins with a treatment of some aspects of the theory. The author's approach draws more on institutional economics, and more precisely on the approach taken by Kindleberger (1978), in the sense that he believes the design of good financial safety nets for Latin America depends upon an understanding of the way that formal ex-ante safety nets have broken down during times of crisis over the past one hundred years. In this paper then author explores issues surrounding safety nets for financial systems in small open economies like those in Latin America. The starting point in Section 2 is the idea that asymmetric information will generally restrict the scope for lending to potential borrowers. Section 3 shows that government regulation of financial intermediaries can frequently lower the cost of lending. Section 4 discusses the creation of central banks in Latin America in the 1920s as an innovation to promote financial deepening. Section 5 shows that the extension of the safety net to depositors is a relatively new and untested development. Section 6 concludes with a discussion of the design of safety nets that takes into account the principles developed in the paper.Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Policies,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
Locality, politics and culture : Poplar in the 1920s.
No full textPhDThe thesis begins with a discussion of the literature on
local working-class politics, which includes the work of
labour historians, political geographers and locality-study
writers. The latter have been especially keen to
acknowledge the unique causal powers of the social
formations of specific localities and to explore the
implications of these for local political behaviour.
Nonetheless, locality studies share with other approaches
to local politics an interest in class to exclusion of
other bases of social action, and a structuralism which
denies human agency.
The history of Poplar in the 1920s denies such
explanatory logic. The Labour Party came to power in the
borough in 1919. Yet although the class and economic
structure of Poplar was very similar to that of the rest of
east London, Poplar Labour Party was unique in the degree
of its militancy.
In order to explain this radicalism, the thesis turns
away from structural analysis and towards cultural
interpretation, exploring Poplar's politics in terms of
local culture and civil society, focussing on five themes:
the politics of class and of gender, the discourses of
citizenship, the morality of the neighbourhoods and the
religious faiths. The influence of these cultural
'communal sensibilities' on Poplar Labour Party are traced
in order to stress the complexity and contingency of the
relationship between a locality and its politics.
That contingency is further emphasised in the
conclusion, which describes the shift in Poplar Labour
Party away from a left-wing and participatory form of
politics and towards a right-wing and elitist mode as the
1920s progressed. It is concluded that both types of
politics were closely linked to Poplar's culture and that,
although local culture in all its complexity is vital for
the understanding of local politics, there is no necessary
relationship between a culture and the form of political
expression it may take
Health behaviour in school-aged children : World Health Organization collaborative cross-national study (HBSC): findings from the 2006 HBSC survey in Scotland
No full textThe HBSC study in Scotland is funded by NHS Health Scotlan
Morality, Power and Economics in E. L. Doctorow's work
No full textThe main concern of this thesis is an examination of the themes of morality, economics and power in the work of the American writer E. L. Doctorow. In Doctorow s own words Good fiction is interested in the moral fate of its people. This thesis will explore the ways in which Doctorow s work realises his own commitment to this statement. Central to each of the texts that I have chosen to study in this thesis, is a critical evaluation of the ideals which America is said to stand for, ideals such as liberty, justice, democracy and a chance for every individual to find a better life. I will argue that throughout his novels, Doctorow expresses the opinion that wealth corrupts those who come into contact with it. Even though such thematic concerns might be found in the majority of Doctorow s work, I have chosen to focus my analysis on the following three novels and one short story: Welcome to Hard Times, Ragtime, The Book of Daniel and A Child, Dead, in the Rose Garden. I have also supported my arguments with extracts taken from his latest book of non-fiction, Reporting the Universe. Here the author concerns himself with the status and fate of literature, whilst engaging with some of the most pressing anxieties and ideologies of today. These four titles seemed an appropriate selection also because they seem to highlight four central historical periods during which America has faced particularly pressing ethical and economic dilemmas
New species of Spirotrichonympha from reticulitermes and the relationships among genera in Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia)
No full textSpirotrichonymphea is a class of hypermastigote parabasalids defined by their spiral rows of many flagella. They are obligate hindgut symbionts of lower termites. Despite more than 100 yr of morphological and ultrastructural study, the group remains poorly characterised by molecular data and the phylogenetic positions and taxonomic validity of most genera remain in question. The genus Spirotrichonympha has been reported to inhabit several termite genera, including Reticulitermes, Coptotermes, and Hodotermopsis. The type species for this genus, Spirotrichonympha flagellata, was described from Reticulitermes lucifugus but no molecular data are yet available for this species. In this study, three new Spirotrichonympha species are described from three species of Reticulitermes. Their molecular phylogenetic position indicates that the genus is not monophyletic, as Spirotrichonympha species from Coptotermes, Paraneotermes, and Hodotermopsis branch separately. In contrast, the genus Holomastigotoides is monophyletic, as demonstrated using new sequences from Holomastigotoides species. The presence of Holomastigotoides in Prorhinotermes and the distinct phylogenetic positions of Spirotrichonympha from Reticulitermes and Coptotermes are consistent with a previously proposed symbiont fauna replacement in the ancestor of Reticulitermes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Peer reviewedfinal article publishedCoptotermeslower termitegut symbiontRhinotermitidaeProrhinotermesParaneotermesHeteroterme
L’IMPACT DU PARTAGE DES COÛTS SUR LA CONSOMMATION DE MÉDICAMENTS
No full textLes défis de la gestion du coût des médicaments d’ordonnance, les approches qu’on
essaie actuellement d’adopter, et les solutions, sont étonnamment semblables partout dans le monde. Les objectifs poursuivis par une formule de partage des coûts des médicaments sont le plus souvent de percevoir des fonds supplémentaires, de décourager la consommation de médicaments « non nécessaires », de rendre les patients conscients des coûts des médicaments et d’aider à contenir les dépenses croissantes en médicaments.Les auteurs de cet article, en se basant sur une revue de la littérature mondiale,
concluent que l’imposition d’un partage des coûts réduit en effet la consommation de médicaments, mais que cette consommation réduite ne se limite pas aux ordonnances non nécessaires. Les effets de la consommation subissent une forte influence des effets du revenu et de la richesse. On peut faire des économies considérables avec un impact minimal pour la santé en rehaussant le taux de substitution générique; il est difficile de trouver et d’évaluer d’autres moyens de faire des économies. Il n’y a qu’un petit nombre d’études récentes qui tente explicitement de mesurer les coûts des médicaments par rapport aux bénéfices obtenus sous la forme d’une utilisation réduite d’autres services médicaux. Il y en a encore moins qui essaient d’évaluer les coûts par rapport à
l’amélioration de la qualité de vie du patient. L’imposition du partage des coûts n’a, semble-t-il, aucun impact sur le taux de croissance des dépenses en médicaments d’ordonnance.The challenge of managing prescription drug costs, the approaches being tried, and the responses are surprisingly similar around the world. The objectives for cost-sharing requirements imposed for prescriptions are most often cited as providing additional funding, deterring consumption of "unnecessary" drugs, making patients aware of the costs of medicines, and helping to contain rising drug costs.The authors of this article, based on a review of the global literature, conclude that cost-sharing requirements do reduce drug utilization but that the reduced utilization is not limited to unnecessary prescriptions. Utilization effects are strongly affected by income and wealth effects. Significant cost savings can be achieved with minimal health impacts by increasing the rate of generic substitution; other savings are hard to find and difficult to assess. Only a few recent studies explicitly attempt to measure the cost of prescriptions against the benefits achieved in the form of reduced utilization of other parts of the health core system. Even fewer attempt to assess the cost against the improvement in a patient's quality of life. Cost-sharing requirements do not appear to impact the rate of increase in expenditures for prescription medications
Toward the Feminization of Collective Bargaining Law
No full textCanadian collective bargaining law is flawed because it fails to address the concerns of a substantial segment of the work force and overlooks women as a rich source of insight into the dynamics of the bargaining environment. The author begins by exploring the problems inherent in the classical contractualist model, arguing that current collective bargaining law reflects these weaknesses and echoes a morality and ideology which are stereotypically masculine. By analyzing the legal and practical structures of collective bargaining, the author illustrates the ways in which the morality of the workplace is manifested differently between men and women. The author then examines the ideological difference between public and private work, discussing how this distinction situates women as subordinate to men and its effects on the unionized workplace. Moving to an analysis of dispute resolution, certification, unfair labour practices and bargaining unit determination, the final part of the article is devoted to suggestions for structural change in collective bargaining law. The author proposes ways in which feminist insight can be used to replace the current oppositional structure of collective bargaining with more cooperative mechanisms for resolving disputes
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