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Raised marine terraces in the Northern Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy): a ~ 600 kyr-long geological record of regional uplift
No full textThe Sibari Plain in the Northeastern Calabrian Arc displays a well-developed suite of marine terraces. This paper
deals with i) the identification and correlation of the terraces; ii) their age assignment and a tentative reconstruction
of the uplift history of the area; iii) the relationships between terraces and major faults in the study area and between uplift in the Plain and pattern of Quaternary uplift throughout the Calabrian Arc. Identifying wavecut platforms and inner-edge fragments over a linear extent of ~ 100 km was achieved by photo interpretation, 1:25 000 scale map analyses and field survey. Morphological evidence led to the correlation of the identified fragments into five complete strandlines (numbered #1 to #5 lowest to highest), at elevations ranging from 60 m to ~ 650 m.
Analysis of two parameters of the emerged platform-cliff systems, namely the platform-cliff ratio and the dissection percentage, further testifies that the two lowest terraces are strongly correlative. A 130 kyr AAR age of in situ fossil samples of Glycymeris collected at 114 m elevation within the deposit of Terrace #2 indicates a key correlation of T#2 with MIS 5.5 (the peak of the last interglacial, 124 kyr), i.e. an uplift rate of ~ 0.98 mm/yr for this strandline. The other four terraces have been tentatively associated with MIS 5.3, 7, 9 and 15. Geological observations
independent of geochronological evidence provide consistent lower age boundaries for the terraces and supply further constraints to this interpretation. Investigating the relations between setting of the terraces and location of major tectonic structures in the region is suggestive of no recent activity of two previously recognized faults, the «Sangineto Line» and the «Corigliano-Rossano Line». Instead, some limited anomalies that affect the terraces are tentatively associated with the activity of the Castrovillari Fault. Therefore, sustained uplift has been the long-term dominant process of tectonic deformation in the study area over the past 124 kyr, possibly 600 kyr. Rates and history
of uplift in the Sibari Plain are largely comparable with those observed in the whole Calabrian Arc, confirming that the uplift driving mechanism is deep-seated and closely connected to the Tyrrhenian subduction as already pointed out by several authors. Despite a dearth of Holocene raised paleoshorelines, it is suggested that similarly to what was observed only few tens of kilometres north and south of the Sibari Plain, the Late Pleistocene rise is still active today and that without Holocene uplift the Plain should have been far less developed and attractive for human settlement.PublishedJCR Journalope
Geology versus myth: the Holocene evolution of the Sybaris Plain
No full textHistorical accounts handed down the legend of the ancient Sybaris, defeated and submerged by the Crotoniates who
diverted the River Crati on the town. This paper deals with the reconstruction of the Holocene evolution of the
Sybaris Plain, through a number of geological and geomorphological observations. In particular, I found i) ∼1 m/yr
horizontal coastal progradation rate since Greek times (2.4 kyr BP), possibly since Neolithic (7.0 kyr BP), mainly
originated by active alluvial deposition and subordinately by regional uplift; ii) evidence of striking modifications
in the surface hydrography of the plain during the last 2.5 kyr, with repeated fluvial captures of the Crati and
Coscile rivers testified by ancient historians and geographers, recent maps and archeological accounts. In addition,
datings and archeological information from 7 sites in the plain provided iii) ∼0.6 mm/yr mean uplift rate during the
past 11.2 kyr, that confirms the substantial continuity of this regional process with upper Pleistocene; iv) local, high
value of subsidence (0.5÷2.0 mm/yr) affecting the Sybaris main archeological area. Subsidence is not recorded before
4000 years BP and is caused by deposition of fine, highly compressible sediments at the transition between
marine and continental environment; v) no evidence of a fault-induced contribution to the subsidence, whilst there
is the grounded possibility that man-induced subsidence prevailed in the last century; vi) widespread active continental
deposition in the area. Local rates of deposition are relatively lower (1.5 mm/yr) at sites where subsidence
is not observed, and range between 2.5 mm/yr and 3.5 mm/yr in the main archeological area. There is also evidence
of a clear decrease of the sedimentation following the Mid-Holocene flex of the fast trend of sea level rise. These
data suggest that the Holocene evolution of the Sybaris Plain is due to the progressive eastward migration of the
land-sea boundary, probably active since the Mid-Holocene (∼7.0 ka). Repeated floodings, regional uplift and relative
sea-level changes produced the eastward expansion of the plain, subsidence locally slowed it down. Therefore,
geology first allowed the creation of Sybaris, then caused its destruction.JCR Journalope
Effects of Biological drugs Adalimumab and Etanercept on TNF-Alpha-Converting Enzyme activation
No full textANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ΑLPHA DRUGS MODULATE HUMAN ADAM-17 EXPRESSION IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME
No full textThe Dewatering of the Fucino Lake Did Not Promote the M7.1 1915 Fucino Earthquake: Insights From Numerical Simulations
Full text linkThe powerful M7.1 earthquake that devastated the Fucino Basin (Central Italy) in 1915 results to be the only (except for a M5.7 event in 1904) remarkable event to have occurred in that area, according to the 900-year-long record of the Italian Seismic Catalogue. Curiously, the 1915 event occurred only 38years after the complete man-induced dewatering of the largest lake of peninsular Italy, which formerly occupied the basin. Hence, we investigate on a possible relationship between the dewatering of the lake and the occurrence of the 1915 earthquake. We perform some numerical simulations in order to estimate the stress changes induced by the dewatering of the Fucino Lake and by the 1904 earthquake. We compute the stress changes on two different seismogenic sources selected among the ones proposed in the literature. Our main results support that (1) the dewatering process has reduced effects of the state of stress in the area before the 1915 earthquake, (2) the primary effect of the dewatering on both sources is a decrease of stresses that hampers the slip on the fault planes, and (3) the positive stress changes associated to the 1904 event would be too weak to influence the occurrence of the 1915 earthquake. We also suggest that the dewatering may have delayed by 1.7years the 1915 earthquake occurrence. Plain Language Summary The powerful M7.1 earthquake that devastated the Fucino Basin (Central Italy) in 1915 occurred only 38years after the complete man-induced dewatering of the largest lake of peninsular Italy, which formerly occupied the basin. Hence, we investigate on a possible relationship between the dewatering of the lake and the occurrence of the 1915 earthquake. We find that the stress changes originated by the Fucino Lake dewatering represent the main factor of perturbation in the area prior to 1915; however, such a dewatering process may have only slightly (a couple of years) delayed the occurrence of the strong rupture of the 1915 earthquake. Our work confirms the possibility that human activities can induce a temporal delay in the occurrence of future earthquakes. Key Point
Angiogenin and copper crossing in wound healing
Full text linkAngiogenesis plays a key role in the wound healing process, involving the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells. Angiogenesis is controlled by a strict balance of different factors, and among these, the angiogenin protein plays a relevant role. Angiogenin is a secreted protein member of the ribonuclease superfamily that is taken up by cells and translocated to the nucleus when the process of blood vessel formation has to be promoted. However, the chemical signaling that activates the protein, normally present in the plasma, and the transport pathways through which the protein enters the cell are still largely unclear. Copper is also an angiogenic factor that regulates angiogenin expression and participates in the activation of common signaling pathways. The interaction between angiogenin and copper could be a relevant mechanism in regulating the formation of new blood vessel pathways and paving the way to the development of new drugs for chronic non-healing wounds
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ΑLPHA TRIGGERS THE FURIN-TACE-AMPHIREGULIN AXIS IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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