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    External doses from plated-out decay products in radon-rich enclosed spaces

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    In caves in the Alps, where Radon can reach concentrations of tens of or hundreds of kBq/m3, the deposition of decay products on the skin of personnel spending even short times inside may pose a radiological risk. The radiation protection expert (RPE) is confronted with evaluating on the spot, and quickly, this hazard, to take appropriate measures as needed. In the present work, estimates are proposed to assess this problem, estimates that can be used by the RPE for the needed screening to categorize the risk presented by these environments

    Evaluation of the radiological hazard in electron beam welding

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    In electron beam welding a very intense pencil beam of electrons is driven onto the base metal, to melt it and produce the welding. In the interaction of the beam with the metal, strong bremsstrahlung emission of X-ray is generated. Here the generation is evaluated, and the KERMA in air at 1 m is predicted. Results show that a significant radiation hazard is present and serious radiation protection measures are needed

    Gli scenari globali dell'energia

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    Ci sono fasi della vita delle organizzazioni in cui la dinamica degli eventi sembra quasi arrestarsi, si procede per piccoli passi secondo una logica incrementale, gli anni scorrono e i cambiamenti sembrano nulli o impercettibili. E' tuttavia in queste circostanze che, senza nessun preavviso, il cambiamento accelera ed eventi improvvisi si accavallano. Muri che cadono, regimi che collassano, rivoluzioni che esplodono, nazioni e organizzazioni che muoiono, nascono, si affermano

    Monte Carlo estimation and measurement of the activation products due to an electron linear accelerator for medical applications

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    During radiotherapy treatments with high energy electron sources some nuclear reactions take place. This means that several kinds of radioisotopes are generated both in the device and then in the treatment chamber walls and some additional dose is given to the patient and to the staff of the radiotherapy unit, due to the decay processes, often implying gamma-ray emissions. To show these effects a portable NaI(Tl) monitor is used for gamma spectrometry

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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