263,614 research outputs found
Physical modelling of low-cost modifications to the Crump Weir in order to improve fish passage : evelopment of favourable swimming conditions and investigation of the hydrometric effect
No full textMore than 350 Crump-type weirs (which are triangular in profile) form part of the
Environment Agency's hydrometric network in rivers across England and Wales.
These weirs operate as effective measurement structures and are useful over a large
flow range. However, they also act as barriers that impede the passage of many
species of coarse fish within their natural habitat.
The primary aim of this research project was to recommend modifcations to Crump
weirs in order to improve fish passage, while still allowing the weirs to fulfll their
hydrometric purpose in a reliable way. It was an additional requirement that any
proposed solution(s) be both practical and achievable at low-cost. This is in contrast
to conventional fish pass solutions, that tend to be expensive, are generally not
hydrometrically rated, and most of which were not designed with coarse fish in
mind.
The method used was a model study conducted in the laboratory, which allowed for
a great number of layouts to be trialled. Laboratory research combined with fish
swimming data provides a basis for projecting successful fish ascents. Brimpton weir
on the River Enborne was chosen as a suitable reference on which to base laboratory
model tests.
The preferred arrangement (termed a `rotated-V' layout) was found to be a series of
baffles located on the downstream slope of the Crump weir. These baffles effectively
act as weirs at low
flows and roughness elements at high
flows. Each baffle has a
slot which helps to form a path of ascent for fish. The base closest to the crest was
set at the same height as the crest, as this led to optimum low velocities in the slots
on the downstream slope.
Extensive testing revealed that the proposed solution results in a change in a weir's
hydrometric characteristics. However, it was demonstrated that the deviation of the
coefficient of discharge is predictable. Therefore, it allows for reliable
flow measure-
ment to be achieved (subject to a standardised calibration trial using volumetric
flow
measurement techniques). In addition, a detailed measurement and analysis of wa-
ter velocities within the recommended solution strongly suggest that it substantially
improves on the fish passage capability of a Crump weir
crump
No full textcrump1 nWhen sitting at the table in a slouched position or standing droop shouldered, my father would tell me to get out of the crump I was in. I also noticed that my grandmother his mother also used this word when referring to this body position. It referred to any position of the body which was not accepted as good posture (stomach in, shoulders back; stand up straight, chip up).DNE JH 2/72Used IUsed IUsed ICRITChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Wed 29 Jun 201
Ben Crump and Racialized Professionalism
No full text(Excerpt)
Benjamin “Ben” Crump is the country’s most influential civil rights lawyer. His advocacy led to the arrest and prosecution of George Zimmerman. He has represented the families of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor and many others, negotiating record-breaking settlements despite a body of civil rights precedent that is overwhelmingly pro-defendant. Crump is also a modern lawyer who uses press conferences and social media to advance his clients’ cause. To his clients, he is a lawyer, confidante, and friend. Yet, based on the way national media covers him, his significance isn’t always clear. When his work isn’t being erased, it’s downplayed. Articles that compare him to Thurgood Marshall spend an equal amount of time describing his attire.
At George Floyd’s funeral, the Reverend Al Sharpton referred to Crump as “black America’s attorney general, probably because we don’t feel like we have one.” Yet ever since, reporting on Crump omits the second part of Sharpton’s comment, diminishing Sharpton’s point about Crump’s role as public prosecutor on behalf of a community that the federal government arguably does not otherwise does not protect.
Before Ben Crump became the “go-to lawyer” for Black families seeking justice for the murders of their loved ones, before he became a press conference mainstay, he was a Florida-based personal injury lawyer. His national prominence is not the inevitable result of the traditional road to legal stardom, the sort that begins at an Ivy League law school, is followed by a judicial clerkship, and capped off by a coveted position in the Solicitor General’s office. Ben Crump is not that kind of lawyer. He is “a state-college-educated attorney with no establishment connections who has nevertheless become “one of the best-known lawyers in the United States.”
In a country that loves to mythologize rags-to-riches stories, Crump’s rise is fairy tale-worthy. As inspirational as he is to this author, Crump occupies a different place in the American consciousness than the likes of Neal Katyal and Paul Clement, lawyers just as famous but far less scrutinized for their professional choices. When the press reports on Crump, instead of expanding its understanding of what professionalism looks like, it catalogues Crump’s departures from the norm.
This Essay explores how Crump’s professional persona is racialized. It uses Leah Goodridge’s framing of legal professionalism as a racial construct to explore how Crump is unnecessarily othered. Following this Introduction, Part I describes Ben Crump’s professional trajectory, from personal injury lawyer to the lawyer who gets “the call” when a Black person is murdered by the police. Part II then describes how professionalism is constructed in such a way that undermines Crump’s importance. The Essay concludes by describing the consequences of othering and even erasing Ben Crump’s triumphs
Comfortably numb: Crump unveiled—a review of the 2011 Alan Crump retrospective exhibitio
No full textWriting can at times be difficult. It is not without considerable anxiety that I undertake to write this particular review. Perhaps I should offer a short qualifier: this is not strictly a review but rather a collection of ideas around the works and their arrangement, as well as my own musings and reflections on Crump. I want to pick up on what I identify to be an approach that personalises Crump as a professor, colleague and artist (we find this tone embedded throughout the accompanying exhibition catalogue). 1 I have chosen to structure this essay using a series of trigger headings, some provocative and possibly even inflammatory, others more neutral and concerned with getting to the core of what this retrospective and posthumous show is all about. All the while my thinking is to channel a sense (or lack thereof, as it may turn out) of my own experience of his work and person
Performance analysis of a reduced cost manufacturing process for composite aircraft secondary structure
No full textIn the current, environmentally-aware, climate aircraft designers are under increasing pressure toproduce fuel efficient vehicles. Weight reduction is an important method for increasing fuelefficiency. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are known to offer weight savings overtraditional metallic components, due to their excellent stiffness and strength to weight ratios.However, the major limiting factor for the use of aerospace quality composites is themanufacturing cost. The costs incurred in the conventional process of prepreg cured in anautoclave are well documented. The research in this thesis is concerned with reducing the cost ofmanufacturing aircraft standard carbon fibre composite sandwich panels, whilst maintainingmechanical performance.The overall aim of the EngD is to provide a unified approach for assessing the performance ofcarbon fibre sandwich secondary structure that are manufactured using several differenttechniques. Cost and performance criteria are defined so that an optimal panel can be produced.The work has been motivated by the industrial sponsor, GE Aviation Systems. Five combinationsof raw material and processing techniques, manufacturing options (MOs) were considered inincremental steps from the baseline of unidirectional prepreg cured in an autoclave to the noncrimpfabric (NCF) infiltrated using resin film infusion (RFI) and cured in a conventional oven.For cost and performance analysis a generic panel has been designed that is representative ofsecondary wing structure on commercial passenger aircraft. The cost was estimated by monitoringthe manufacture of generic panels using each MO, whilst the performance was measured by bothmechanical characterisation tests and by full scale tests on a custom designed rig. The rig applies apressure load using a water cushion and allows optical access to the surface of the panel enablingthe use of optical techniques, i.e. thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and digital image correlation(DIC). Feasibility tests on TSA and DIC demonstrated their use on the materials considered inthis thesis, and were used to validate finite element (FE) models.The RFI out-of-autoclave process was found to reduce generic panel manufacture time by almost30%, and the material cost was reduced by almost 40%. The mechanical characterisation testssuggested the ‘new’ process could produce laminates with a similar fibre volume fraction to that ofthe original process and similar in and out-of-plane mechanical properties. The in-plane stiffnesswas slightly reduced by 7 %, but the strength showed an increase of 12%. Full scale tests on thegeneric panels using point out-of-plane deflection measurements and full field TSA demonstratedthe panel produced using the ‘new’ process has adequate performance. Moreover the full-fieldtests indicated an improvement in performance. Further work is required to optimise the design ofthe panel for weight, in particular the weight of the raw material, and investigating methods formodelling the NCF for certification
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
My Elvis Blackout and Neverland: Truth, Fiction and Celebrity in the Postmodernist Heterobiographical Composite Novel
No full textA PhD by publication comprising two of my books, My Elvis Blackout and Neverland, accompanied by a reflective and critical exegesis, which examines notions of truth, fiction and celebrity in the composite novel through a broadly analytical and practice-based methodology. The exegesis begins by exploring the links between the methodology of the fine artist and the new creative writer. It then demonstrates that My Elvis Blackout and Neverland represent an original contribution to knowledge in the way that they explore and develop literary form (the ‘composite’ novel), and, in their exploration of celebrity, myth-making and fictional hagiography, and that the two books function as performative critiques which probe the boundaries between fiction and the fabricated reality of celebrity culture. My exegesis analyses Linda Boldrini’s term ‘heterobiography’ (2012) with particular reference to Michael Ondaatje’s The Collected Works of Billy The Kid (1981), which as a bricolage relies upon the reader’s pre-conceived recognition of the historicity of its protagonist and continually tests the boundaries between fact and fiction. In this section of the exegesis, I propose that what sets My Elvis Blackout and Neverland apart from Billy The Kid is that whilst Ondaatje’s book certainly does exploit the confusions between fact, fiction, autobiography and history, it remains firmly set within the timeframe that its historical protagonist inhabits. My Elvis Blackout and Neverland remain grounded within their readers’ expectations of American settings contemporary to their nominative protagonists, but both books also feature dilations in both historical and geographical setting. Through analysis I have come to perceive ‘the celebrity persona’ as an identikit image assembled by thousands of witnesses. A photo fit photomontage tiered with impressions of subjective provenance, each layered transparency filtered through the fears and desires of fans and critics. Whereas other historiographic metafictions use historical figures as singular characters, My Elvis Blackout and Neverland can be seen to be utilising an ‘identikit’ concept to present their respective protagonists as manyheaded Hydras, or multiple probability ‘versions’ from parallel universes. By a conflation of terms, Hutcheon’s ‘historiographic metafiction’ (1988) and Boldrini’s ‘heterobiography’ (2012), My Elvis Blackout and Neverland are in fact historiobiographic metafictions. The exegesis concludes by establishing my own works’ live impact on the overarching celebrity metanarratives, and their inevitable organic status
Critiquing Crump: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Professor Crump's Model Laws of Homicide
No full textDavid Crump should be commended for his prodigious effort in rethinking the law of homicide. I am particularly impressed by his call for abolishing "malice aforethought" as an independent element of murder. I am less sure of the wisdom of totally abolishing the category of willful deliberate and premeditated murders as among those deserving special harshness.
In regard to voluntary manslaughter, Professor Crump overstates the problems and understates the benefits of the MPC's "Extreme Emotional Disturbance" test. Consequently, he wrongly calls for its rejection. He similarly understates the importance and overstates the problems with depraved heart murder, and would eliminate that too without an adequate substitute.
I partially disagree with Professor Crump's felony murder analysis. If the felony murder rule is to be maintained, I would limit it to the most serious felonies, and not worry about whether ex ante the ultimately fatal act appeared dangerous. More fundamentally, I would clearly apply the merger rule to assault to prevent prosecutorial bootstrapping, a problem to which Professor Crump gives insufficient consideration
Irrelevance, Minimal Relevance, and Meta-Relevance (Response to David Crump)
No full textProfessor Crump\u27s analysis runs the full traverse from academic theorizing to practical observation. I will attempt to follow him over the same course, addressing three questions among the congeries that he raises. First, is it true that all evidence satisfies the minimalist definition of relevance? Second, should evidentiary codes include a tighter definition of relevance? Third, how should we assess lawyers\u27 use of evidence that, loosely speaking, is irrelevant
From \u3ci\u3eFreeman\u3c/i\u3e to \u3ci\u3eBrown\u3c/i\u3e and Back Again: Principle, Pragmatism, and Proximate Cause in the School Desegregation Decisions
No full textA court deciding a constitutional case should announce a clear principle, one that the people can easily understand and follow. At the same time, such a decision should be pragmatic, in that it should effectively accomplish its goals while treating all affected persons fairly. The simultaneous fulfillment of these two criteria, however, can sometimes be extraordinarily difficult. In this article, Professor Crump considers how well the school desegregation remedies ordered by the Supreme Court fit the tests of principle and pragmatism. He concludes that the early decisions, as well as many of the later ones, do not achieve both goals, but there is hopeful prospect that the recent termination-of-supervision decisions may fulfill them better
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