1,721,037 research outputs found
Party system hospitality, internal strife, and radicalization:The evolution of the Partij voor de Vrijheid and the Forum voor Democratie in the Netherlands
Get PDFGiven the high turnover of populist parties that is typical of Dutch politics, this chapter asks: To what extent are the PVV and the FvD anti-pluralist parties, and how have these populist parties been accommodated by the Dutch political system? To answer this question, the chapter examines the democratic credentials of the Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) and the Forum voor Democratie (FvD). In assessing whether these parties pose a threat to democratic pluralism, the analysis focusses on two indicators: (1) political tolerance and (2) respecting the formal and informal rules of constitutional democracy. The position of the PVV is clearly marked by its deep and consistent intolerance of Dutch citizens of Islamic persuasion. In the case of the FvD, it is above all its aversion of the existing pluralist political order that is a cause of concern. However, as the analysis shows, it is very difficult to sustain and monopolize the role of (main) challenger in the Dutch political system. Hence, just as the Dutch political system allows populist parties quickly to gain prominence, its openness may also be the main check to prevent populist parties from becoming effective threats to democratic pluralism
Conclusion: How to channel populism in Europe democratically
Get PDFThe central finding of this book is that many European democracies have proven resilient to anti-pluralist populism. They do so, however, in multiple, different ways. The concluding chapter reflects upon the country studies to identify the various paths that populist parties have followed as well as the institutional and behavioural mechanisms that may help to reduce their anti-pluralist inclinations. While underlining that all populist parties need to be evaluated in their national context, we argue that democratic systems can accommodate them through strategies that carefully navigate between the extremes of uncritically embracing and their outright ostracization. Furthermore, we reflect on the implications of our findings at the level of the European Union as a whole. While the challenges posed by populist parties need to be tackled first and foremost in each national context, European democracies can be mutually supportive, and the EU has a role to play in monitoring and acting upon any indications of anti-pluralism. Finally, we reflect upon how the different methods used in this volume complement each other, and on the role that academics have in contributing to the literature and the public debate on populism in a way that itself fosters pluralism
Introduction:Populist parties, pluralism and democratic systems in Europe
Get PDFThe introductory chapter re-assesses the relation between populism, pluralism and democracy, outlining the book’s central question that drives the comparative analysis of populist parties in different European countries: When do populist parties turn anti-democratic and when do they remain loyal to the democratic system? This question leads us from the analysis of populist parties back to the democratic context in which they emerge and develop. In this chapter, we discuss the relationship between populism and democracy as a contingent one and we operationalize our key variable, populist parties’ respect for democratic pluralism. We look at the conditions under which populist parties turn from a corrective of democracy to a threat, zooming in on two main factors, party and party system responses and institutional conditions. We lay out the analytical and empirical implications for the case studies, and suggest that well-calibrated institutional responses can serve to socialize populist parties in the democratic party system
Enlargement: A Process rather than a Point in Time. CEPS Policy Briefs No. 51, 1 April 2004
Get PDFThe 1st of May 2004 is being marked by numerous important political events, speeches and festivities. This is appropriate in the sense that on that day ten new member states join the EU. However, “all” that happens on May 1st is that the EU’s acquis communautaire becomes the law in the new member states. In order to make this happen, a decade of intense preparations on both sides was necessary and it will certainly take another decade before the full consequences of this enlargement will be felt. Enlargement should thus be viewed as a process, and not a single event taking place on one day. For a think tank with the motto ‘Thinking ahead for Europe’, enlargement is old news. CEPS researchers have been analysing the many issues surrounding enlargement for at least the last dozen years, when it seemed only a distant dream. Over time the debate has shifted from the basic question of whether countries that had been forced to live under communism for so long would actually be able to qualify for EU membership to the basic policy issues: What will it cost? How will it affect our security? These are the basic issues surrounding any large political project. The following pages provide a brief overview of the main findings of CEPS research on enlargement over the years. We start with an evaluation of the importance of enlargement in quantitative terms (GDP, population, etc.) and then turn to an evaluation of its broad economic impact, which is likely to be small for the old members, but large for the new members. This leads us to issue of the cost of enlargement (for the old EU-15), which is also rather small. The answer to the question ‘what is in it for us’, which is often posed in the old member countries, is thus perhaps disappointing: very little either way, in purely economic terms, there are small costs and small benefits, with probably as small net effect. Here the time dimension becomes important as the benefits will increase over time, faster than the potential costs through the EU budget. We then turn to another issue that has received a lot of attention lately concerning the free movement of labour, drawing attention to the fact that large-scale migration is unlikely at any rate. Finally, we assess the widespread concern that an enlarged EU (of 25 or 27 members) will cause gridlock in the policy-making processes of the EU institutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Die Leistungsfähigkeit politischer Parteien in der europapolitischen Kommunikation: Eine Qualitative Comparative Analysis von parteipolitischen "Cues" in nationalen EU-Vertragsdiskursen.
No full textPolitical parties messages or cues constitute important factors shaping public attitudes not only on domestic matters but also on issues of European integration and constitutionalisation. The question explored in the book is, how national political parties communication matters for European integration. The study aims at providing explanations for the politicisation of European contentious politics here EU treaty ratification by analysing patterns of variation in political parties public communication at the domestic level. Two research questions guide the qualitative comparative analysis of 40 political parties in six East- and West European EU member states: Which parties succeed and which fail in the competition over cueing the public on contentious EU issues? What are the underlying causal factors related to party competition ideology? incumbent or opposition status? party system? context? that determine the variation in party political cueing performance? The analysis contributes to research on the Europeanisation of domestic politics, and in particular of how different political parties within and across states have adapted and reacted to European integration. The study of public opinion, mass media, and political parties has become prominent in European integration and comparative Europeanisation studies. The proposed book brings these different strands together with normative democratic theory and an innovative methodological approach, for better understanding political conflict and communication in European political integration
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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