1,720,986 research outputs found
Susceptibility to EMI of a Battery Management System IC for electric vehicles
No full textThe susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of Battery Management Systems (BMSs) for Li-ion and LiPo battery packs employed in emerging electric and hybrid electric vehicles is investigated in this paper. To this purpose, a specif c test board is developed to experimentally assess the EMI susceptibility of a BMS front-end integrated circuit by direct power injection (DPI) and radiated susceptibility measurements. Experimental results are discussed highlighting different EMI-induced failure mechanisms observed during the tests
Investigation on the susceptibility of hall-effect current sensors to EMI
No full textIn this paper, the susceptibility to electromagnetic interference of Hall effect sensors is experimentally assessed. To this purpose, Bulk Current Injection and TEM cell Electromagnetic Interference immunity measurements are performed on a test board including a commercial Hall sensor for current monitoring. From such measurements, EMI-induced failures in the Hall effect sensor operation are highlighted. Moreover, the particular susceptibility of the Hall effect sensor to a tangential RF electric field excitation is highlighted by comparing the results of measurements carried out on the Hall sensor in different configurations. © 2011 EMC Europe
The Digital-Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier: Evolution and Perspective
Full text linkThe evolution of the Digital-Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier (DB-OTA), which was initially introduced to address the challenges related to the implementation of analog functions in aggressively scaled technology nodes is reviewed in this paper, starting from the first proof-of-concept prototype up to the most recent ultra-compact area, ultra-low voltage and ultra-low power solutions. The improvement in performance and the potential of this approach in meeting the requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes and next-generation biosensing will be discussed
Minimum-effort design of ultra-low power interfaces for the internet of things
Full text linkThis paper briefly summarized a recent research activity intended to substantially enhance the scalability of analog blocks with technology and voltage by re-thinking analog functions in ICs in digital terms. On the contrary, the implementation of analog functions, which are however essential to acquire data from sensors, is nowadays the real bottleneck and the most serious concern and limiting factor for the further development of IoT applications. In the foreseeable cross-domain approach, design and testing methodologies from the digital world will be extended and frontier design concepts like near-threshold operation further exploited
Detection and Suppression of Intentional EMI Attacks to Smart Speakers
Full text linkA new digital technique to detect and suppress intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) attacks on smart speakers (SSs) without disrupting their nominal operation during the attack is proposed in this article. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by experiments on a proof-of-concept SS prototype equipped with an artificial intelligence speech recognition algorithm. Thanks to the proposed suppression technique, the power of malicious signal in the audio band is suppressed by 19 dB, thus effectively preventing the execution of malicious commands in more than 99.6% of the cases under IEMI attacks of up to 5 dBm injected RF power in 10-100 MHz bandwidth. Under the same test conditions, the proposed detection technique, operating independently from the suppression method, makes it possible to successfully identify IEMI attacks in more than 99.8% of the cases. Experimental results also show the proper recognition of nominal commands while IEMI attacks are performed
A pW-Power Hz-Range Oscillator Operating With a 0.3-1.8-V Unregulated Supply
No full textIn this paper, a pW-power relaxation oscillator for sensor node applications is presented. The proposed oscillator operates over a wide supply voltage range from nominal down to deep sub-threshold and requires only a sub-pF capacitor for Hz-range output frequency. A true pW-power operation is enabled thanks to the adoption of an architecture leveraging transistor operation in super-cutoff, the elimination of voltage regulation, and current reference. Indeed, the oscillator can be powered directly from highly variable voltage sources (e.g., harvesters and batteries over their whole charge/discharge cycle). This is achieved thanks to the wide supply voltage range, the low voltage sensitivity of the output frequency and the current drawn from the supply. A test chip of the proposed oscillator in 180 nm exhibits a nominal frequency of approximately 4 Hz, a supply voltage range from 1.8 V down to 0.3 V with 10%/V supply sensitivity, 8-18-pA current absorption, and 4%/°C thermal drift from -20 °C to 40 °C at an area of 1600μ\mathrm m2. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed oscillator is the only one able to operate from sub-threshold to nominal voltage
A Framework for the Development and Monitoring of Digital Control in Power Converters
Full text linkThe design of advanced digital controllers for power converters requires dedicated hardware which may result in increased complexity and development time. As the number of control variables increases, operations such as monitoring, debugging, testing and optimization become more difficult. The paper presents a methodology and a prototype of a system that have facilitated non-invasive monitoring of the controller of power converter in real-time and performing more effective automated tests. This has been achieved by leveraging the tremendous reconfigurability of modern System-on-Chip (SoC) devices that integrate both Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and high-performance standard Hard Processor System (HPS) in one package with built-in, programmable interconnects. In this proposed architecture, FPGA section implements digital controller and HPS handles monitoring and interfacing for remote supervision by re-using standard Linux system libraries. The monitoring system sets the controller parameters, collects all internal controller signals and organizes them. It provides an interface through ethernet for external data processing environments such as MATLA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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