1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Force-velocity Profiling in Sled-resisted Sprint Running: Determining the Optimal Conditions for Maximizing Power
No full textThe measurement of power-velocity and force-velocity relationships offers valuable insight
into athletic capabilities. The qualities underlying maximum power (i.e. optimal loading
conditions) are of particular interest in individualized training prescription and the enhanced
development of explosive performance. While research has examined these themes using cycle
ergometers and specialized treadmills, the conditions for optimal loading during over-ground
sprint running have not been quantified. This thesis aimed to assess whether force-velocitypower
relationships and optimal loading conditions could be profiled using a sled-resisted
multiple-trial method overground, if these characteristics differentiate between recreational
athletes and highly-trained sprinters, and whether conditions for optimal loading could be
determined from a single sprint. Consequently, this required understanding of the friction
characteristics underlying sled-resisted sprint kinetics. Chapter 3 presents a method of
assessing these characteristics by dragging an instrumented sled at varying velocities and
masses to find the conversion of normal force to friction force (coefficient of friction).
Methods were reliable (intraclass correlation [ICC]>0.99; coefficient of variation
[CV]<4.3%) and showed the coefficient of friction was dependent on sled towing velocity,
rather than normal load. The ‘coefficient of friction-velocity’ relationship was plotted by a
2nd order polynomial regression (R²=0.999; P<0.001), with the subsequent equation
presented for application in sled-resisted sprinting. Chapter 4 implements these findings,
using multiple trials (6-7) of sled-resisted sprints to generate individual force-velocity and
power-velocity relationships for recreational athletes (N=12) and sprinters (N=15). Data were
very well fitted with linear and quadratic equations, respectively (R²=0.977-0.997; P<0.001),
with all associated variables reliable (effect size [ES]=0.05-0.50; ICC=0.73-0.97; CV=1.0-
5.4%). The normal loads that maximized power (mean±SD) were 78±6 and 82±8% of bodymass,
representing an optimal force of 279±46 and 283±32 N at 4.19±0.19 and 4.90±0.18
m.s-1, for recreational and sprint athletes respectively. Sprinters demonstrated greater absolute
and relative maximal power (17.2-26.5%; ES=0.97-2.13; P<0.02; likely), with much greater
velocity production (maximum theoretical velocity, 16.8%; ES=3.66; P<0.001; most likely).
Optimal force and normal loading did not clearly differentiate between groups (unclear and
likely small differences; P>0.05), and sprinters developed maximal power at much higher
velocities (16.9%; ES=3.73; P<0.001; most likely). The optimal loading conditions for
maximizing power appear individualized (range=69-96% of body-mass), and represent much
greater resistance than current guidelines. Chapter 5 investigated the ability of a single sprint
to predict optimal sled loading, using identical methods to Chapter 4 and a recently validated
profiling technique using a single unloaded sprint. Power and maximal force were strongly
correlated (r=0.71-0.86), albeit with moderate to large error scores (standardized typical error
estimate [TEE]=0.53-0.71). Similar trends were observed in relative and absolute optimal
force (r=0.50-0.72; TEE=0.71-0.88), with estimated optimal normal loading practically
incomparable (bias=0.78-5.42 kg; r=0.70; TEE=0.73). However optimal velocity, and
associated maximal velocity, were well matched between the methods (r=0.99; bias=0.4-1.4%
or 0.00-0.04 m.s-1; TEE=0.12); highlighting a single sprint could conceivably be used to
calculate the velocity for maximizing horizontal power in sled sprinting. Given the prevalence
of resisted sprinting, practitioners and researchers should consider adopting these methods
for individualized prescription of training loads for improved horizontal power and
subsequent sprinting performance
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Force-Velocity Profiling in Sled-Resisted Sprint Running: Determining the Optimal Conditions for Maximizing Power
No full textThe measurement of power-velocity and force-velocity relationships offers valuable insight into athletic capabilities. The qualities underlying maximum power (i.e. optimal loading conditions) are of particular interest in individualized training prescription and the enhanced development of explosive performance. While research has examined these themes using cycle ergometers and specialized treadmills, the conditions for optimal loading during over-ground sprint running have not been quantified. This thesis aimed to assess whether force-velocity-power relationships and optimal loading conditions could be profiled using a sled-resisted multiple-trial method overground, if these characteristics differentiate between recreational athletes and highly-trained sprinters, and whether conditions for optimal loading could be determined from a single sprint. Consequently, this required understanding of the friction characteristics underlying sled-resisted sprint kinetics.
Chapter 3 presents a method of assessing these characteristics by dragging an instrumented sled at varying velocities and masses to find the conversion of normal force to friction force (coefficient of friction). Methods were reliable (intraclass correlation [ICC]>0.99; coefficient of variation [CV]<4.3%) and showed the coefficient of friction was dependent on sled towing velocity, rather than normal load. The ‘coefficient of friction-velocity’ relationship was plotted by a 2nd order polynomial regression (R²=0.999; P<0.001), with the subsequent equation presented for application in sled-resisted sprinting. Chapter 4 implements these findings, using multiple trials (6-7) of sled-resisted sprints to generate individual force-velocity and power-velocity relationships for recreational athletes (N=12) and sprinters (N=15). Data were very well fitted with linear and quadratic equations, respectively (R²=0.977-0.997; P<0.001), with all associated variables reliable (effect size [ES]=0.05-0.50; ICC=0.73-0.97; CV=1.0-5.4%). The normal loads that maximized power (mean±SD) were 78±6 and 82±8% of bodymass, representing an optimal force of 279±46 and 283±32 N at 4.19±0.19 and 4.90±0.18 m.s-1, for recreational and sprint athletes respectively. Sprinters demonstrated greater absolute and relative maximal power (17.2-26.5%; ES=0.97-2.13; P<0.02; likely), with much greater velocity production (maximum theoretical velocity, 16.8%; ES=3.66; P<0.001; most likely).
Optimal force and normal loading did not clearly differentiate between groups (unclear and likely small differences; P>0.05), and sprinters developed maximal power at much higher velocities (16.9%; ES=3.73; P<0.001; most likely). The optimal loading conditions for maximizing power appear individualized (range=69-96% of body-mass), and represent much greater resistance than current guidelines. Chapter 5 investigated the ability of a single sprint to predict optimal sled loading, using identical methods to Chapter 4 and a recently validated profiling technique using a single unloaded sprint. Power and maximal force were strongly correlated (r=0.71-0.86), albeit with moderate to large error scores (standardized typical error estimate [TEE]=0.53-0.71). Similar trends were observed in relative and absolute optimal force (r=0.50-0.72; TEE=0.71-0.88), with estimated optimal normal loading practically incomparable (bias=0.78-5.42 kg; r=0.70; TEE=0.73). However optimal velocity, and associated maximal velocity, were well matched between the methods (r=0.99; bias=0.4-1.4% or 0.00-0.04 m.s-1; TEE=0.12); highlighting a single sprint could conceivably be used to calculate the velocity for maximizing horizontal power in sled sprinting. Given the prevalence of resisted sprinting, practitioners and researchers should consider adopting these methods for individualized prescription of training loads for improved horizontal power and subsequent sprinting performance
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