124,944 research outputs found
Flood infrastructure: Localized scour at piano key weirs
No full textHistoric growth in the US coupled with observed hydrologic changes have created an increased demand for sustainable flood protection. One approach to passing floodwaters is nonlinear weirs such as labyrinth and Piano Key weirs (PK weirs). Although they are being designed in greater frequency, one area lacking in information or design guidance is the prediction of local scour at these weirs. Without proper protection, downstream local scour can compromise the weirs' foundation. Therefore, a large-scale laboratory study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of different lengths of downstream aprons on the scour mechanism at the foundation of a PK weir. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of equilibrium scour morphology under different flow conditions and with non-cohesive bed material. Instrumentation included 3D cameras and ultrasonic sensors to capture scour features and measure dynamic water surface elevations, respectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Apron and cutoff wall scour protection for piano key weirs
No full textPiano key (PK) weirs are used in a variety of flow control structure applications, including spillway crests and open channel diversion structures. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, structure-specific design guidance for scour mitigation is still needed. To fill this gap of knowledge, a systematic experimental campaign was conducted by testing different configurations of horizontal aprons with a cutoff wall. Protection structures were located at the toe of the PK weir. Namely, experiments were performed at large-scale to assess the effect of three apron lengths on downstream scour hole geometry under different hydraulic conditions. It was observed that a horizontal apron deflects the plunging jets originating from the PK weir, thus significantly reducing scour. Experimental evidence allowed corroboration that significant scour depth reduction occurs for an apron length 1.5 times the weir height, with longer aprons found to provide marginal benefits. Finally, also provided herein are tools to estimate the main scour characteristics and help practitioners in optimizing apron design
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Dominance-based Rough Set Approach for analysing patterns of flexibility allocation and design-cost criteria in large-scale irrigation systems
No full textWater planners must provide end-users with reliable and high-quality access to fresh water while complying with financial, institutional, and water availability constraints. In the pursuit of these goals, an over-investment in design can result in stranded assets of significant value and often unwanted environmental implications. Under-investment can lead to supply restrictions affecting human health, the economy, and the environment. The present study uses the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) to develop a balancing strategy concerning complexities encountered in water resource planning for irrigation systems. The methodology relies on the Dominance-based Learning from Examples Module (DOMLEM) algorithm, which extracts minimal set of rules regarding relevant combinations between flexibility allocation and design-cost criteria. The algorithm delineates outcomes in the form of “if., then.” rules that translate decision possibilities facing water planners into: “if (the design is more flexible by this amount), then (we expect this range of cost increment”). Then, a confusion matrix is computed for each irrigation system in order to exclude the rules generating incorrect and ambiguous classification results. The outcome reveals that cost is more subject to elasticity at the hydrant (eh) increment than the network's coefficient (r). Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the parameter P(q) has only a minor impact on the cost and, as a result, the final decision. Any elasticity (eh) less than 3 assigned to any given coefficient (r) becomes a low-cost increment. For any given value of (eh), the cost increases as the coefficient (r) decrease. Elasticity from 4 to 5 with a network's coefficient (r) equal to or greater than 18/24 becomes a medium-cost increment. Elasticity (eh) from 5 to 6 associated with an (r) equal or less than 16/24 becomes a very high-cost increment. Finally, rather than identifying one solution that seems better than others, this approach provides an interactive schematic that helps identify the appropriate range of flexibility justified by the expense criterion, which allows for debate and supports decision-making
Crookston Downtown Business Market Area Profile 2023
No full textThe Crookston Downtown Development Partnership (DCDP) and City of Crookston requested this survey project to
better understand the current preferences of downtown Crookston business and building owners. Survey responses
will help enhance the downtown area for both customers and employees. In addition to primary survey data from
downtown Crookston businesses, University of Minnesota Extension also provided data regarding resident
demographics as a secondary source of information for downtown business owners to strategically plan for future
growth.
Survey results provide an estimate of potential demand by downtown Crookston businesses for specialized business
services offered by the City and DCDP. Findings also reveal the opportunity for potentially new placemaking
activities not currently taking place in the community. Additionally, compiling business preference data helps shape
project recommendations for the DCDP and is useful for community groups as they prepare and plan for the
downtown area’s extensive redevelopment with MNDOT. The redevelopment will occur along the city’s two main
downtown corridors in 2027-2028.During spring 2023, University of Minnesota Extension conducted a Crookston downtown business survey at the
request of the City of Crookston and the Downtown Crookston Development Partnership. Of the 80 surveys
distributed, Extension received 19 responses. Surveys were sent to Crookston businesses located along the corridors
of North Broadway and South Main Streets in Ward 4. As the majority of these businesses have operated for 20 or
more years, findings reflect the experience of established businesses rather than new ones. Supplemental business
demographics (Appendix A) and consumer market information regarding the lifestyle profiles of Crookston residents
(Appendix B) are included at the end of this report.Crookston Housing and Economic Development AuthorityBhattacharyya, Rani A.. (2023). Crookston Downtown Business Market Area Profile 2023. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/257888
Evolution of local scour downstream of Type A PK weir in non-cohesive sediments
No full textA large-scale piano key weir laboratory study was conducted to investigate the evolution of the scour process occurring in the downstream basin for two non-cohesive granular bed materials, including the analysis of scour-hole geometry and patterns at equilibrium. It was observed that hydraulic conditions, particularly tailwater level, significantly affect the scour mechanisms and equilibrium morphology, eventually resulting in scour depths that exceeded the weir height. Unprecedented insights on the scour dynamics are also provided, along with tools to estimate the time evolution and maximum scour depth, its location in the streamwise direction, and the maximum scour length
2023 Crookston Business Market Area Profile
No full textDuring spring 2023, University of Minnesota Extension conducted a Crookston downtown business survey at the
request of the City of Crookston and the Downtown Crookston Development Partnership. Of the 80 surveys
distributed, Extension received 19 responses. Surveys were sent to Crookston businesses located along the corridors
of North Broadway and South Main Streets in Ward 4. As the majority of these businesses have operated for 20 or
more years, findings reflect the experience of established businesses rather than new ones. Supplemental business
demographics (Appendix A) and consumer market information regarding the lifestyle profiles of Crookston residents
(Appendix B) are included at the end of this report.Crookston Economic Development AuthorityBhattacharyya, Rani. (2023). 2023 Crookston Business Market Area Profile. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/259800
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
- …
