1,721,018 research outputs found
Le projet Electronic Enlightenment de la Voltaire Foundation
No full textCronk Nicholas, McNamee Robert. Le projet Electronic Enlightenment de la Voltaire Foundation. In: Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études francaises, 2005, n°57. pp. 303-311
Voltaire and the 1760s: essays for John Renwick
No full textThe 1760s was a pivotal decade for the philosophes. In the late 1750s their cause had been at a low ebb, but it was transformed in the eyes of public opinion by such events as the Calas affair in the early 1760s. By the end of the decade, the philosophes were dominant in key literary institutions such as the Comédie-Française and the Académie française, and their enlightened programme became more widely accepted. Many of the essays in this volume focus on Voltaire, revealing him as a writer of fiction and polemic who, during this period, became increasingly interested in questions of justice and jurisprudence. Other essays examine the literary activities of Voltaire’s contemporaries, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Chamfort, Rétif, Sedaine and Marmontel. It is no exaggeration to describe the 1760s as Voltaire’s decade. It is he more than any other author who set the agenda and held the public’s attention during this seminal period for the development of Enlightenment ideas and values. Voltaire’s dominance of the 1760s can be summed up in a single phrase: it is in these years that he became the ‘patriarch of Ferney’. Peter France, John Renwick: a tribute Publications of John Renwick Nicholas Cronk, Voltaire and the 1760s: the rule of the patriarch I. Voltaire’s contemporaries Jean Ehrard, Tempête dans un gobelet: esquisse de mémoire en défense de M. Ozy, apothicaire auvergnat du dix-huitième siècle David Adams, Illustration and interpretation: the frontispiece to Marmontel’s Bélisaire Michael Cardy, Some references to English writers in Marmontel’s Poétique française (1763) Katherine Astbury, The success of Marmontel’s moral tales on the French stage 1760-1770 David McCallam, Physiocrats and barbarians: moral economies in Chamfort’s comedies John Dunkley, Sedaine’s Maillard: the gauntlet, the calque and the seneschal’s revenge Cecil Courtney, Constant d’Hermenches: correspondent of Voltaire and Belle de Zuylen Christopher Todd, Glimpses of France and the French (1760-1769) in three English provincial newspapers David Coward, ‘Je deviens auteur’: Restif in the 1760s Graham Gargett, Caveirac, Protestants and the presence of Voltairean discourse in late-eighteenth-century France Katharine Swarbrick, Voltaire, Rousseau and the uses of frivolity II. Voltaire James Hanrahan, Creating the ‘cri public’: Voltaire and public opinion in the early 1760s Russell Goulbourne, Voltaire and the Calas affair in England Christiane Mervaud, Voltaire et le Beccaria de Grenoble: Michel-Joseph-Antoine Servan Olivier Ferret, Les stratégies éditoriales des Mélanges voltairiens Nicholas Cronk, Le Philosophe ignorant, volume de mélanges Simon Davies, Le Pyrrhonisme de l’histoire, Voltaire’s anthology of contes Richard Francis, The Ingénu’s children Jonathan Mallinson, Les Lettres d’Amabed: rewriting Graffigny’s Lettres d’une Péruvienne? Adrienne Mason, Unheard voices: two English translations of Voltaire’s L’Ingénu David Williams, Voltaire and Thomas Otway Haydn Mason, Voltaire, directeur de conscience: his correspondence with Mme Du Deffand Peter France, Last words Inde
Voltaire à l'ouvrage: une étude de ses traces de lecture et de ses notes marginales
No full textThe aim of the present study is to paint an overall picture of how Voltaire interacted with the books that made up his personal library. Situated at the crossroads between history of the book, literary history and literary studies in the standard meaning of the term, it seeks to deepen our understanding of the ways in which Voltaire used his books and of the different types of notes that he left in them. These notes are of course texts in themselves – short ones, to be sure, but texts all the same – and their material, literary and polemical significance have never before been studied in depth. We begin by classifying the marginalia according to the function they seem to have played for Voltaire and, based on their material characteristics, by developing methodologies to analyse these short manuscripts, along with the non-verbal markings that accompany them. An analysis follows of the ways in which Voltaire used the white spaces in his books, then of the links that can be established between the signs of his reading and the genesis of his published works. Finally, we study the poetics of the marginal notes as well as the dynamics at work in the annotated library as a whole. Throughout, Voltaire’s notes and reading habits are placed in the context of the critical literature that has grown up around the subject of marginalia. Along the way, we compare his marginal notes to those of other literary figures of the period, for the subject of this study is clearly the marginalia of a writer, which are necessarily inextricably linked to his principal activity – writing. Indeed, one might speak of an interpenetration, of a blurring of boundaries between reading and writing. Beyond the marks of Voltaire's reading, the study of marginalia raises questions that are relevant for other non-canonical and paratextual materials. To place them in the spotlight transforms their status, and a note that was 'marginal' comes to be considered a text in its own right
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Diderot and d’Holbach: a theory of determinism
Full text linkThis thesis offers a detailed analysis of Diderot and d'Holbach's argument for determinism, identifying its building blocks in the Causal Principle, Causal Necessitation, and the Laws of Nature. Diderot and d'Holbach's argument differs significantly from present-day ones and may therefore problematise our modern understanding of determinism. This work next examines how determinism affects both thinkers' ideas about ethics and society, paying considerable attention to their rejection of the notion of Moral Freedom, and to aesthetic and political questions. Finally, it examines those aspects of Diderot's and d'Holbach's thought that seemingly undermine their theory of determinism (for example, their complex understanding of causality); these aspects, however, may be easily reconciled with Diderot and d'Holbach's faith in determinism, given that both thinkers posit the existence of a gap between ontology and epistemology, between reality and humans' perception of it. This thesis sheds new light on Diderot and d'Holbach's metaphysics and on their position in relation to key figures in European philosophy, including Aquinas, Hobbes, Spinoza, Malebranche, Leibniz, and Hume. By identifying connections between Diderot and d'Holbach on the one hand, and thinkers such as Malebranche on the other, this work argues for a reconsideration of the Christian component of Diderot's and d'Holbach's culture, and it also challenges Jonathan Israel's notion of 'Radical Enlightenment'. This thesis further highlights similarities and differences between Diderot's and d'Holbach's writings and philosophy, concluding that, whilst the two thinkers may disagree on specific points, their general attitude towards such notions as determinism, causation, and freedom, is ultimately very similar. The Enlightenment is a period that favours intellectual exchange and collaboration, and Diderot's and d'Holbach's works, as the product of a collaborative philosophical enquiry, perfectly exemplify this phenomenon
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